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1.
Wood模型、Patchy模型、Domenico模型及Brie的经验公式是常用的流体体积模量计算模型,目前低孔低渗或致密储层一般采用Brie的经验公式来计算流体体积模量.通过深入研究这几种模型,计算出流体体积模量的上下界,将上下界分别带入Gassmann方程反推出Brie干岩石剪切模量模型指数值范围,从指数范围内寻找一个最优值,使得纵横波预测误差最小,这个最优值即为剪切模型中的指数值.Brie剪切模型中采样点的指数值为固定值,将该固定值表示为随深度变化的变量,优化了Brie干岩石模量的计算方法.将优化后的Brie干岩石模型与Gassmann方程相结合反推出流体的体积模量.本文对Weyburn油田常规储层、胜利油田低孔低渗储层及苏里格气田致密储层进行研究,得出如下结论:(1)流体体积模量除了受各相流体的体积模量、含水饱和度、压力的影响外,还与孔隙的连通程度有关,即在有效压力不大的情况下,流体体积模量随含水饱和度的变化规律主要是连通性决定的;(2)低孔低渗、致密储层流体体积模量岩石物理模型与常规储层有很大的区别,Wood模型适用于常规储层流体体积模量的计算,而Wood模型和Domenico模型相结合的形式适用于低孔低渗和致密储层流体体积模量的计算.  相似文献   

2.
岩石物理是将地震数据与油藏特性和储层参数联系到一起的理论基础.流体替换是岩石物理分析中的重要手段,而Gassmann方程是流体替换中最重要的理论基础之一.因此,研究Gassmann方程中的各个参数对结果的影响是十分必要的.本文分析了Gassmann方程的理论基础,并探讨了方程中岩石参数和流体参数的求取方法,重点分析了方程中的各参数误差对结果的影响,认为岩石密度和剪切模量对流体替换后的纵横波速度影响较大.研究结果为利用地震资料和测井资料进行流体替换提供了指导和参考作用.  相似文献   

3.
地震尺度下碳酸盐岩储层的岩石物理建模方法(英文)   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
碳酸盐岩油藏的强非均质性以及孔隙结构的复杂性,使得作为连接油藏参数与地震参数重要桥梁的岩石物理模型,以及作为油藏预测和定量表征最有效工具的流体替换成为岩石物理建模的难点与重点。在碳酸盐岩储层复杂孔隙结构与地震尺度下碳酸盐岩储层非均质性分析基础上,研究采用岩石网格化方法,将地震尺度下非均质碳酸盐岩储层岩石划分为具有独立岩石参数的均质岩石子体,根据岩石孔隙成因与结构特征采用不同岩石物理模型分步计算岩石子块干岩石弹性模量,并根据不同孔隙连通性进行流体替换,计算饱和不同流体岩石弹性模量。基于计算的岩石子块弹性模量,采用Hashin-Shtrikman-Walpole弹性边界计算理论方法实现地震尺度下碳酸盐岩储层弹性参数计算。通过对含有不同类型孔隙组合碳酸盐岩储层模型的弹性模量进行计算与分析,明确不同孔隙对岩石弹性参数的影响特征,模拟分析结果与实际资料认识一致。  相似文献   

4.
基于长波长近似假设,周期性薄互层中发育一组平行排列的垂直裂缝则可视为等效的正交各向异性介质.岩石物理是构建裂缝参数与地震响应之间联系的基础,地震散射理论是各向异性介质参数反演的有效途径.文章提出了一种利用方位叠前地震数据实现正交各向异性裂缝储层Thomsen弱各向异性参数与裂缝弱度参数可靠预测的方法.首先,综合考虑矿物基质、孔隙、裂缝及各向异性岩石中流体替换的影响,通过构建正交各向异性裂缝岩石物理等效模型,实现正交各向异性刚度系数的估测,进而预测储层测井数据的弹性参数、Thomsen弱各向异性参数及裂缝弱度参数,为后续地震反演提供初始模型约束;然后,基于地震散射理论,推导了面向Thomsen弱各向异性参数与裂缝弱度参数反演的正交各向异性介质纵波反射系数方程,为后续地震反演奠定了理论基础;最后,发展了贝叶斯框架下的正交各向异性裂缝储层Thomsen弱各向异性参数与裂缝弱度参数AVAZ反演方法,同时考虑柯西稀疏约束正则化和平滑模型约束正则化约束,使用非线性的迭代重加权最小二乘策略实现正交各向异性特征参数的稳定估算.模型和实际资料处理表明,该方法能够稳定可靠地从方位叠前地震资料中获取正交各向异性特征参数,为正交各向异性介质的特征参数预测提供了一种高可靠性的地震反演方法.  相似文献   

5.
地震岩石物理通过研究岩石岩性特征、流体特征和岩石弹性参数之间的关系,快速解释储层流体变化所引起的地震响应变化,是利用地震资料进行流体检测的物理基础.渤海PL油田位于渤海东部海域,油田区新近系测井资料受地层疏松的影响,横波质量不准确,流体检测基础资料难以保证.并且根据钻井揭示,油田区储层含油或含水在地震资料上都可表现为强能量反射特征,由于对储层地震响应机理的不明确,缺乏有针对性的流体检测方法,导致以往的流体检测结果不理想.本次研究利用岩石物理建模技术,对目标曲线进行优化和校正.在岩石物理建模基础上,通过对典型砂体进行流体替换和孔隙度替换,从岩石骨架和流体两方面开展地震响应机理研究.并通过构建区域岩石物理量版,划分该区目标储层的分布范围,实现了对目标储层AVO响应特征的定量研究.研究成果为该油田流体检测方法的改进和有效应用提供了重要指导,也为渤海相近油田开展流体检测研究提供了很好的借鉴.  相似文献   

6.
在地震储层预测过程中,需要借助岩石物理实验建立储层岩性、物性与地震弹性参数之间的关系,明确反演方法,从而提高储层预测精度.本研究针对高尚堡北区沙三5个亚段、10口井、四种岩性的27块岩心实施了宽频段地震岩石物理特征的实验研究.首先借助铸体薄片和X射线衍射分析得到所研究岩心的孔隙结构和矿物组分;接着对干燥和饱和流体状态下岩心进行高频岩石物理测试得到弹性参数;在此基础上,将测试结果经过计算得到15种地震属性,并基于敏感性分析获得对储层预测有指导意义的较为敏感的岩性、流体敏感因子.同时对孔渗性较好的储层岩石进行了低频岩石物理测量,不同饱和流体储层岩石展示了不同的地震波频散规律.砂岩宽频带的岩石物理实验结果对于研究储层与非储层具有指导和参考意义.  相似文献   

7.
White球状Patchy模型中纵波传播研究   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
在球坐标系下用直接求解孔隙弹性方程的方法计算了介观尺度下空间周期排列的White球状Patchy模型中纵波传播问题.首先对纵波的衰减和频散进行了计算,并引入了物理学上声子晶体原理来解释高频时纵波在White球状模型中传播的异常现象.在含水饱和度和速度关系的研究中发现,在低频段用等效流体理论和Gassmann理论估计流体Patchy饱和岩石中的纵波速度完全能够满足当前地震勘探的要求.随后的具有相同含气饱和度但有不同周期的Patchy模型研究结果表明,随着空间周期变大,低频的纵波频散变得明显,纵波衰减峰频率向低频移动,但峰值几乎不变.最后,对单元外层含水中心含油的White球状Patchy模型和中心含气White球状Patchy模型进行研究、对比,发现孔隙流体流动对孔隙介质中的纵波频散、衰减影响显著.另外,在具体数值求解过程中用缩减方程组规模的方法解决了线性方程组严重病态得不到正确结果的问题.  相似文献   

8.
含气饱和度预测是天然气储层地震解释工作的重要目标.本文将岩石物理分析与地震物理模拟技术相结合,构建了部分;饱和砂岩储层物理模型并进行含气饱和度预测分析.物理模型中设置了高孔渗常规砂岩和低孑孔渗致密砂岩两种模拟储层,每种储层都是由具有不同含水饱和度的气-水双相饱和砂体组成.岩石物理分析结果显示在低孔渗致密砂岩中气-水混合流体更加倾向于非均匀的斑块分布,而结合了Brie等效流体公式的Gassmann流体替换理论可以更准确地描述纵波速度随含水饱和度的变化趋势.对物理模型进行地震资料采集处理后,对比了AVO特征和叠前同步反演结果对两种砂岩储层含气饱和度预测能力的差异.AVO特征结果显示,对于混合流体均匀分布的高孔渗砂岩储层,AVO响应曲线和属性变化很难对含气饱和度进行估算;对于混合流体斑块分布的致密砂岩储层,AVO特征可以定性地分辨出储层是否为高、中、低含气情况.反演结果显示,密度及纵横波速度比分别对高孔渗及致密砂岩储层的含气饱和度有着较好的指示能力.  相似文献   

9.
地震流体识别指利用地震资料对储层含流体特征进行识别与描述.含流体储层地震岩石物理是地震流体识别的基础,是搭建储层弹性参数与物性参数的桥梁,是实现含油气储层流体定量表征的重要发展方向.岩石物理驱动下地震流体识别研究有助于认识地下油气储层含流体特征及分布规律.文章概述地震流体识别及相关基础研究中的关键科学问题,着重评述国内外岩石物理驱动下地震流体识别研究的主要进展,探究地震流体识别研究面临的机遇,挑战及未来的研究方向.理论研究和实际应用表明,地震流体识别要以岩石物理及数值模拟为理论基础,发展有效的流体敏感参数构建及评价方法;以地震资料为数据支撑,形成有效的地震资料品质评价方法;以地震反演为技术保障,发展可靠的地震反演策略.  相似文献   

10.
地震岩石物理是连接岩石弹性参数与储层物性参数的桥梁,叠前地震反演是实现地下岩石弹性、物性、岩性及含流体性质定量表征的重要方法.文章构建了碎屑岩地震岩石物理高阶近似模型,推导了利用岩石模量高阶近似(Jacobian、Hessian矩阵)表征的叠前地震AVO反射特征方程,并分析了岩石孔隙度、泥质含量及流体饱和度对AVO反射率的贡献度,探讨了此方程在岩石物性参数直接预测方面的可行性.以此为基础,在待反演模型参数服从混合概率先验模型的前提下,文章提出了基于差分进化-马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗随机模型的相约束叠前地震概率化反演方法,兼具差分进化算法的全局寻优特性和马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗模型的不确定性分析能力;通过多条马尔可夫链的交叉并行,可以同步获得待反演模型参数的多个随机解,进而模拟待反演模型的后验概率密度分布,后验均值作为待反演模型的最优解,方差与置信区间用来评价反演结果的不确定性,实现储层弹性、物性、离散岩相及干岩石骨架等参数的同步预测.通过理论试验和实际资料处理验证了该理论方法的有效性.  相似文献   

11.
天然气在开发过程中,储层有效压力和含气饱和度均会发生变化,研究有效压力和含气饱和度的变化对地震响应特征的影响,在基于时移地震的剩余气分布预测研究中具有重要意义。天然气和石油的声学性质有着明显的差异,油藏时移地震的研究成果不能直接应用于气藏,因此需要开展气藏的时移地震研究。利用Shapiro模型表征干岩石弹性模量随有效压力的变化,借助Batzle-Wang方程描述流体速度随压力的变化关系,联合Gassmann理论进行流体替代,表征饱和流体岩石速度随含气饱和度的变化,建立了饱和流体岩石速度随有效压力和饱和度变化的岩石物理模型。基于该模型,对不同含气饱和度和不同有效压力下的气藏储层模型进行了多波时移地震叠前振幅变化(AVO)模拟。结果表明多波时移地震AVO技术可以有效地区分有效压力变化和含气饱和度变化,为进一步开展气藏多波时移地震流体监测提供了理论参考依据。   相似文献   

12.
In heterogeneous natural gas reservoirs, gas is generally present as small patch-like pockets embedded in the water-saturated host matrix. This type of heterogeneity, alsocalled "patchy saturation", causes significant seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation. Toestablish the relation between seismic response and type of fluids, we designed a rock physicsmodel for carbonates. First, we performed CT scanning and analysis of the fluid distributionin the partially saturated rocks. Then, we predicted the quantitative relation between the waveresponse at different frequency ranges and the basic lithological properties and pore fluids.A rock physics template was constructed based on thin section analysis of pore structuresand seismic inversion. This approach was applied to the limestone gas reservoirs of the rightbank block of the Amu Darya River. Based on poststack wave impedance and prestack elasticparameter inversions, the seismic data were used to estimate rock porosity and gas saturation.The model results were in ~ood a~reement with the production regime of the wells.  相似文献   

13.
A key task of exploration geophysics is to find relationships between seismic attributes (velocities and attenuation) and fluid properties (saturation and pore pressure). Experimental data suggest that at least three different factors affect these relationships, which are not well explained by classical Gassmann, Biot, squirt-flow, mesoscopic-flow and gas dissolution/exsolution models. Some of these additional factors include (i) effect of wettability and surface tension between immiscible fluids, (ii) saturation history effects (drainage versus imbibition) and (iii) effects of wave amplitude and effective stress. We apply a new rock physics model to explain the role of all these additional factors on seismic properties of a partially saturated rock. The model is based on a well-known effect in surface chemistry: hysteresis of liquid bridges. This effect is taking place in cracks, which are partially saturated with two immiscible fluids. Using our model, we investigated (i) physical factors affecting empirical Brie correlation for effective bulk modulus of fluid, (ii) the role of liquids on seismic attenuation in the low frequency (static) limit, (iii) water-weakening effects and (iv) saturation history effects. Our model is applicable in the low frequency limit (seismic frequencies) when capillary forces dominate over viscous forces during wave-induced two-phase fluid flow. The model is relevant for the seismic characterization of immiscible fluids with high contrast in compressibilities, that is, for shallow gas exploration and CO2 monitoring.  相似文献   

14.
According to the Chapman multi-scale rock physical model, the seismic response characteristics vary for different fluid-saturated reservoirs. For class I AVO reservoirs and gas-saturation, the seismic response is a high-frequency bright spot as the amplitude energy shifts. However, it is a low-frequency shadow for the Class III AVO reservoirs saturated with hydrocarbons. In this paper, we verified the high-frequency bright spot results of Chapman for the Class I AVO response using the frequency-dependent analysis of a physical model dataset. The physical model is designed as inter-bedded thin sand and shale based on real field geology parameters. We observed two datasets using fixed offset and 2D geometry with different fluidsaturated conditions. Spectral and time-frequency analyses methods are applied to the seismic datasets to describe the response characteristics for gas-, water-, and oil-saturation. The results of physical model dataset processing and analysis indicate that reflection wave tuning and fluid-related dispersion are the main seismic response characteristic mechanisms. Additionally, the gas saturation model can be distinguished from water and oil saturation for Class I AVO utilizing the frequency-dependent abnormal characteristic. The frequency-dependent characteristic analysis of the physical model dataset verified the different spectral response characteristics corresponding to the different fluid-saturated models. Therefore, by careful analysis of real field seismic data, we can obtain the abnormal spectral characteristics induced by the fluid variation and implement fluid detection using seismic data directly.  相似文献   

15.
Intrinsic wave attenuation at seismic frequencies is strongly dependent on rock permeability, fluid properties, and saturation. However, in order to use attenuation as an attribute to extract information on rock/fluid properties from seismic data, experimental studies on attenuation are necessary for a better understanding of physical mechanisms that are dominant at those frequencies. An appropriate laboratory methodology to measure attenuation at seismic frequencies is the forced oscillation method, but technical challenges kept this technique from being widely used. There is a need for the standardization of devices employing this method, and a comparison of existing setups is a step towards it. Here we summarize the apparatuses based on the forced oscillation method that were built in the last 30 years and were used to measure frequency‐dependent attenuation in fluid‐saturated and/or dry reservoir rocks under small strains (10?8–10?5). We list and discuss important technical aspects to be taken into account when working with these devices or in the course of designing a new one. We also present a summary of the attenuation measurements in reservoir rock samples performed with these apparatuses so far.  相似文献   

16.
The propagation of seismic waves through a saturated reservoir compresses the fluid in the pore spaces. During this transition, parts of seismic energy would be attenuated because of intrinsic absorption. Rock physics models make the bridge between the seismic properties and petrophysical reality in the earth. Attenuation is one of the significant seismic attributes used to describe the fluid behaviour in the reservoirs. We examined the core samples using ultrasonic experiments at the reservoir conditions. Given the rock properties of the carbonate reservoir and experiment results, the patchy saturation mechanism was solved for substituted fluid using the theory of modulus frequency. The extracted relationship between the seismic attenuation and water saturation was used in time–frequency analysis. We performed the peak frequency method to estimate the Q factor in the Gabor domain and determined the water saturation based on the computed rock physics model. The results showed how the probable fault in the reservoir has stopped the fluid movement in the reservoir and caused touching the water‐bearing zone through drilling.  相似文献   

17.
CO2 saturations are estimated at Sleipner using a two-step imaging workflow. The workflow combines seismic tomography (full-waveform inversion) and rock physics inversion and is applied to a two-dimensional seismic line located near the injection point at Sleipner. We use baseline data (1994 vintage, before CO2 injection) and monitor data that was acquired after 12 years of CO2 injection (2008 vintage). P-wave velocity models are generated using the Full waveform inversion technology and then, we invert selected rock physics parameters using an rock physics inversion methodology. Full waveform inversion provides high-resolution P-wave velocity models both for baseline and monitor data. The physical relations between rock physics properties and acoustic wave velocities in the Utsira unconsolidated sandstone (reservoir formation) are defined using a dynamic rock physics model based on well-known Biot–Gassmann theories. For data prior to injection, rock frame properties (porosity, bulk and shear dry moduli) are estimated using rock physics inversion that allows deriving physically consistent properties with related uncertainty. We show that the uncertainty related to limited input data (only P-wave velocity) is not an issue because the mean values of parameters are correct. These rock frame properties are then used as a priori constraint in the monitor case. For monitor data, the Full waveform inversion results show nicely resolved thin layers of CO2–brine saturated sandstones under intra-reservoir shale layers. The CO2 saturation estimation is carried out by plugging an effective fluid phase in the rock physics model. Calculating the effective fluid bulk modulus of the brine–CO2 mixture (using Brie equation in our study) is shown to be the key factor to link P-wave velocity to CO2 saturation. The inversion tests are done with several values of Brie/patchiness exponent and show that the CO2 saturation estimates are varying between 0.30 and 0.90 depending on the rock physics model and the location in the reservoir. The uncertainty in CO2 saturation estimation is usually lower than 0.20. When the patchiness exponent is considered as unknown, the inversion is less constrained and we end up with values of exponent varying between 5 and 20 and up to 33 in specific reservoir areas. These estimations tend to show that the CO2–brine mixing is between uniform and patchy mixing and variable throughout the reservoir.  相似文献   

18.
地震波本征衰减反映了地层及其所含流体的一些特性,对油气勘探开发有重要意义.已有的理论研究与实验发现,地震频带内的衰减主要与中观尺度(波长与颗粒尺度之间)的斑状部分饱和、完全饱和岩石弹性非均匀性情况下波诱导的局部流体流有关.这种衰减与岩石骨架、孔隙度及充填流体的性质密切相关.本文着重讨论均匀流体分布、斑状或非均匀流体分布两种情况下部分饱和岩石的纵波模量差异.以经典岩石物理理论和衰减机制认识为基础,通过分析低频松弛状态、高频非松弛状态岩石的弹性模量,讨论储层参数(如孔隙度、泥质含量以及含水饱和度等)与纵波衰减之间的确定性关系.上述方法与模型在陆相砂泥岩地层与海相碳酸盐岩地层中的适用性通过常规测井资料得到了初步验证.  相似文献   

19.
Seismic Rock physics plays a bridge role between the rock moduli and physical properties of the hydrocarbon reservoirs. Prestack seismic inversion is an important method for the quantitative characterization of elasticity, physical properties, lithology and fluid properties of subsurface reservoirs. In this paper, a high order approximation of rock physics model for clastic rocks is established and one seismic AVO reflection equation characterized by the high order approximation(Jacobian and Hessian matrix) of rock moduli is derived. Besides, the contribution of porosity, shale content and fluid saturation to AVO reflectivity is analyzed. The feasibility of the proposed AVO equation is discussed in the direct estimation of rock physical properties. On the basis of this, one probabilistic AVO inversion based on differential evolution-Markov chain Monte Carlo stochastic model is proposed on the premise that the model parameters obey Gaussian mixture probability prior model. The stochastic model has both the global optimization characteristics of the differential evolution algorithm and the uncertainty analysis ability of Markov chain Monte Carlo model. Through the cross parallel of multiple Markov chains, multiple stochastic solutions of the model parameters can be obtained simultaneously, and the posterior probability density distribution of the model parameters can be simulated effectively. The posterior mean is treated as the optimal solution of the model to be inverted.Besides, the variance and confidence interval are utilized to evaluate the uncertainties of the estimated results, so as to realize the simultaneous estimation of reservoir elasticity, physical properties, discrete lithofacies and dry rock skeleton. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by theoretical tests and one real application case in eastern China.  相似文献   

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