Based on field investigation of wave, sediment suspension and the changes in nutrient concentration of the water column in Lake Taihu, China, we proposed two release models to quantify nutrient release under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static conditions, nutrient release from sediments to the overlying water mainly depends on chemical diffusion induced by concentration gradient, in which the nutrient release is controlled by the temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration in the sediment-water interface, oxidation-reduction potential and the concentration difference between porewater and overlying water. Under dynamic condition (or disturbed condition), both dissolved and particulate nutrients in sediments are released into the water column because of wind-induced sediment suspension. The amount of nutrient release under dynamic conditions is larger than that under the static condition. The release of dissolved nutrients, however, does not increase because the wind induced turbulence made oxidation of metallic elements such as Fe (ferric iron), Mn which are capable of precipitating soluble reactive phosphate (SRP). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, the release of total phosphorus (TP) increases dramatically but the release of SRP is close to those under static conditions. In sediments of Lake Taihu, high Fe content leads to a high ratio of Fe to P contents in sediments (Fe:P ratio). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, nutrient release is controlled by the intensity of disturbance, sediment consolidation and nutrient content in sediments. As for dissolved nutrients, especially SRP, the release is also controlled by the intensity of dynamic re-oxidation, Fe content in sediments and nutrient concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. Based on these two release modes, the release flux in Lake Taihu has been estimated. In the static condition (i.e. laboratory experimental condition), total release of NH4 +-N for whole lake is ca. 10,000 ton/a, and PO4 3−-P is ca. 900 ton/a. In the dynamic condition, nutrient release following sediment suspension was estimated according to three different intensities of wind forcing which were defined as “calm” (wind speed is less than 2 m/s), “gentle” (wind speed is greater than 2 m/s and less than 6 m/s) and “gust” (wind speed is greater than 6 m/s). The release rate in the condition of “calm” was estimated in terms of the nutrient release in the laboratory experimental static condition; whereas the release rate in conditions of “gentle” and “gust” was estimated in terms of measurement during sediment resuspension conducted in flume experiments. With the observation of wind velocity and frequency in 2001, each type of wind forcing took the frequency of 12%, 82% and 6% for “calm”, “gentle” and “gust”, respectively. The yearly release of nitrogen was 81,000 ton and phosphorus was 21,000 ton, which is about 2–6 folds of annual external loading, respectively.
相似文献 |
|||||||
|
|||||||
|
共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
鄱阳湖沉积物和水界面磷的交换通量 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用扩散模型法与实验培养法对鄱阳湖沉积物和水界面间可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的界面交换过程进行研究,并探讨了其影响因素.结果表明,利用2种方法得到鄱阳湖各站点可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐在沉积物与水界面间的交换方向不完全相同,大部分站点沉积物是磷的源,其中,利用扩散模型法估算的可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐平均扩散通量分别为0.052和0.047 mg/(m~2·d),而实验培养法测得可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的平均交换通量则分别为0.25和0.24 mg/(m~2·d),且各站点利用扩散模型法测得磷的交换通量均小于实验培养法的计算结果.此外,上覆水溶解氧浓度及水体温度对可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的交换过程均具有一定的影响,表现为温度越高,溶解氧浓度越小,可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的交换越强烈. 相似文献
2.
白洋淀沉积物氮磷赋存特征及其内源负荷 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
白洋淀环境整治对区域生态文明建设具有重要意义,然而,目前对加剧白洋淀富营养化的内源氮、磷污染负荷依然缺乏系统的研究.本研究以野外调研和室内培养实验相结合形式,在白洋淀主要水域内采集原位柱状沉积物样品,详细地研究了白洋淀沉积物中氮、磷赋存形态、间隙水中氮、磷剖面特征以及沉积物-水界面氮、磷交换特征.结果表明,白洋淀沉积物总氮、总磷含量分别为1230.8~9559.0 mg/kg（均值2379.5 mg/kg）和344.4~915.4 mg/kg（均值608.4 mg/kg）,氮、磷累积污染量大.沉积物中铵态氮赋存量大（3.2~175.8 mg/kg）,由此导致间隙水中铵态氮浓度较高,最高达到28.8 mg/L.沉积物磷形态以Ca-P和Fe-P为主,分别占总量的38.3%~76.1%和3.98%~18.0%,间隙水中磷酸盐浓度已接近甚至高于国内外典型富营养湖区.间隙水中高浓度的铵态氮和磷酸盐导致沉积物-水界面氮、磷交换通量较高,铵态氮平均释放和扩散通量分别为106.37和12.42 mg/（m2·d）;磷酸盐平均释放和扩散通量分别为15.06和2.33 mg/（m2·d）,沉积物内源氮、磷污染负荷较高,已严重威胁到白洋淀水环境质量,迫切需要整治.其中,北部河口区域以及中部府河入湖区和人口密集活动区沉积物氮、磷内源负荷尤为突出,应成为白洋淀沉积物内源污染整治的关键区域. 相似文献
3.
北京市北运河沉积物对氮、磷的吸附/解吸动力学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选取北运河土沟、榆林庄及和合站3个典型河道断面,进行河道0~60 cm深度沉积物对氨氮、磷酸盐的吸附/解吸批平衡静态试验研究,采用多种动力学模型分析北运河沉积物对氮、磷的吸附/解吸动力学特性,提出适用于北运河沉积物吸附/解吸特性的动力学模型,并对模型参数的主要影响因素进行探讨.结果表明:1)北运河典型断面各深度的沉积物对氨氮和磷酸盐的吸附/解吸过程总体呈现3个阶段:快反应阶段—慢反应阶段—平衡阶段;在0~0.5 h的快反应阶段可完成吸附或解吸总量的60%,且对氮、磷的吸附速率大于解吸速率.2)北运河各断面对氨氮与磷酸盐的平衡吸附量表现为S(榆林庄)S(土沟)S(和合站);对氨氮的平衡解吸量表现为S(土沟)S(榆林庄)S(和合站),对磷酸盐的平衡解吸量表现为S(和合站)S(土沟)S(榆林庄),沉积物对氨氮和磷酸盐的吸附以化学吸附为主,平衡吸附与解吸量随断面深度的增加而减小,0~20 cm表层沉积物对氮、磷的吸附能力较强.3)Lagergren二级动力学模型对各深度沉积物的吸附/解吸过程拟合最优,模型参数公式为k2=S-0.369max+0.163;qe=0.022 Smax+18.077 Kf+41.947.通过模拟得出在400 mg/L氮、磷浓度下吸附于沉积物中的氮、磷污染物会随着解吸过程释放52%~80%的氨氮和6%~42%的磷酸盐,可能不仅二次污染上覆水体,还随河水下渗从而对地下水质形成潜在污染风险. 相似文献
4.
双向环形水槽模拟变化水位和流速下洞庭湖沉积物氮释放特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浅水湖泊生态系统中的沉积物—水界面是湖泊内源氮释放的重要界面,而水动力因素是改变沉积物氮释放的重要因素.三峡大坝修建以后,长江中下游通江湖泊的水动力条件发生了明显的变化.通过采集洞庭湖湖口区域的沉积物和水样,在双向环形水槽动力模拟装置内模拟湖泊水位和流速的变化,探讨湖泊沉积物氮在沉积物和水系统中的二次释放特征.结果表明,随着扰动强度的增加,上覆水悬浮物浓度增大,上覆水中总氮浓度增加,沉积物向上覆水释放氮的强度增强,水动力条件的改变所引起的沉积物内源氮释放不容忽视.在该模拟实验条件下,沉积物存在最适扰动水位(20cm),此水位下上覆水中悬浮物浓度最低,总氮浓度最小.水动力条件的改变对上覆水和沉积物—水界面处铵态氮和硝态氮浓度的影响并不明显,孔隙水中铵态氮与硝态氮之间发生形态的转化. 相似文献
5.
在浅水湖泊中,沉降在沉积物中的营养盐易受到水流的扰动再释放出来,而沉水植物可以在一定程度减少营养盐的释放.借助自主开发的生态水槽,在40 d的实验周期内检测动、静水条件下有、无苦草(Vallisneria natans L.)时沉积物、上覆水中磷含量变化,旨在为沉水植物对湖泊沉积物营养盐释放量的影响估算及水环境质量评价提供科学依据.结果表明:动水条件下,沉积物在没有苦草的保护下总磷含量下降21.8%,而有苦草的保护下总磷含量下降17.7%.苦草根系从周围沉积物中吸收磷,1~4 cm沉积物层的吸收量高于4~8 cm沉积物层.动水槽的上覆水中总溶解态磷浓度和总颗粒态磷浓度均大量增加,并且总颗粒态磷浓度相对于总溶解态磷浓度占较大比例.苦草减少了沉积物中磷的释放,并对上覆水中正磷酸盐有明显的吸收作用. 相似文献
6.
大型浅水湖泊沉积物内源营养盐释放模式及其估算方法--以太湖为例 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：26
在新的野外调查和室内试验基础上,完善了有关大型浅水湖泊沉积物内源营养盐释放的模式,并在此基础上提出了太湖内源释放的估算方法.通过在太湖开展室内释放模拟实验和风浪期间底泥悬浮及上覆水中营养盐浓度变化的野外观测,提出了静态与动态二种浅水湖泊内源释放模式.静态情况下,营养盐主要通过浓度梯度扩散从沉积物进入上覆水,其释放强度受控于沉积物～水界面的温度,氧化还原环境及营养盐浓度差;动态条件下,沉积物由于动力扰动而发生悬浮,沉积物中溶解性及颗粒态的营养盐随着沉积物的悬浮而释放.虽然动态情况下总的营养盐释放较静态条件下大,但由于湍流导致水体及水土界面充氧,铁,锰等金属元素因氧化而吸附溶解性营养盐(特别是活性磷SRP)的能力增强,所以动力扰动仅引起总的营养盐释放,而不一定导致溶解性营养盐的释放.因此,在动态条件下,营养盐总释放量受控于动力扰动强度,底泥可悬浮量及沉积物中的营养盐含量;对于可溶性的营养盐,特别是SRP,其释放还受控于动力复氧的强度,沉积物中铁的含量及沉积物间隙水与上覆水中营养盐的浓度差.在此基础上,分别估算了静态和动态二种情况下沉积物内源释放量.根据实验室模拟结果,静态条件下太湖全湖一年NH4+-N释放量达1万吨左右,PO43--p释放量达900t左右;结合太湖2001年的风场观测记录,把太湖野外风浪过程分为风平浪静,小风浪,大风浪三种情况,分别占全年总日数的12％,82％,6％.在"风平浪静"条件下,其释放量根据实验室的静态释放试验来估算,而"小风浪"和"大风浪"条件下,其释放量则根据室内水槽试验得到的释放通量来估算.结果显示太湖全年释放量为总氮8.1万吨,总磷为2.1万吨;分别为外源氮磷年输入量的2～6倍. 相似文献
7.
夏季滇池和入滇河流氮、磷污染特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为探讨滇池入湖河流水体营养盐空间分布特征及其对滇池水体富营养化的影响,2014年7月采集了入滇4类典型河流(城市纳污型河流、城乡结合型河流、农田型河流、村镇型河流)及滇池水样,分析其氮、磷浓度.结果表明:4条入湖河流总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、硝态氮和氨氮污染均较严重;河流水体中TN、TP平均浓度大小为:农田型河流(大河)村镇型河流(柴河)城乡结合型河流(宝象河)城市纳污型河流(盘龙江),其中农田型河流(大河)水体TN、TP污染最为严重;在夏季,4条入湖河流水体中TN、TP浓度从上游向下游增加趋势比较明显,表明氮、磷沿河流不断富集;氮磷比分析表明,夏季河流输入氮、磷营养盐有利于藻类的生长,并且滇池浮游植物生长主要受TN浓度限制;夏季滇池南部入湖河流水体的TN、TP浓度高于北部入湖河流,该特征与滇池水体中TN、TP污染分布状况相反,推测滇池北部富营养化的主要影响因素是内源释放.因此,在今后的滇池水体富营养化研究中,应对滇池内源释放进行深入研究. 相似文献
8.
云南滇池和抚仙湖沉积物-水界面营养盐通量及氧气对其的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
采用间隙水连续采集法考察滇池和抚仙湖沉积物-水界面营养盐通量,并比较在氧气缺乏及氧气充足条件下界面的氮磷行为.结果表明,滇池草海沉积物-水界面营养盐通量显著高于滇池湖心及抚仙湖.对云南滇池及抚仙湖沉积物进行好氧和厌氧处理对照比较,结果显示,好氧组上覆水pH显著大于厌氧组,而间隙水pH在两处理组之间差异不显著;这可能与厌氧呼吸途径过程中产生酸性物质有关;而在两种处理条件下,间隙水均处于厌氧状态.较好氧条件而言,厌氧条件下间隙水磷和铵氮浓度的增加,与有机质矿化增强有关;而间隙水磷还可能受FeOOH-P模型控制.由分子扩散模型计算获得的界面磷或者铵氮扩散通量均高于表观通量,而且好氧条件下的扩散通量与表观通量之间的差异较厌氧条件下的大;这表明两种营养盐均存在释放潜力,但这种潜力的发挥受氧气的影响.较好氧条件而言,厌氧条件下使用分子扩散模型得到的界面营养盐扩散通量更接近于表观通量. 相似文献
9.
过氧化钙在处理厌氧底泥中的应用初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为改善河道厌氧底质及内源氮、磷等营养盐释放问题,考察对沉水植被恢复的影响,研发可同步解决沉积物供氧和削减内源氮、磷释放的氧缓释材料.实验通过向沉积物-水界面处散点注射不同剂量的过氧化钙(Ca O2),研究界面处溶解氧的动态变化特征及表层沉积物与底层水体之间溶解态氮、磷的交换过程.结果表明:添加Ca O2显著提高了界面处底层上覆水溶解氧浓度,随着Ca O2浓度的增加溶解氧浓度增加,不同处理组之间具有显著差异;Ca O2对沉积物中PO3-4-P释放具有明显的抑制作用,且随Ca O2浓度的增加抑制效果愈加明显,上覆水中可溶性活性磷浓度最大可削减98%.实验开始时,磷释放速率可降至-241.916±22.501 mg/(m2·d),降幅最高可达到144%;Ca O2对沉积物NH+4-N释放的抑制效果不佳,上覆水中NH+4-N浓度随着时间的变化波动性较大,且有逐渐增大的趋势.另外,添加Ca O2会显著提高底层上覆水p H值,不同处理组之间差异显著,但当Ca O2投加量小于0.529 kg/m2时,不会对苦草种子的萌发生长有显著影响,p H值波动在可接受范围内(7.62~10.87).因此,结合污染沉积物的状况,适当地投加Ca O2有望同步解决底质厌氧、内源磷释放及后期沉水植被定植底质生境改善的问题,可推荐为一种黑臭污染底泥治理技术在实际的河道生态工程中应用,其适宜浓度为0.176 kg/m2左右. 相似文献
10.
运河(杭州段)沉积物磷释放的模拟试验 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
采用室内模拟的方法研究了扰动情况下运河（杭州段）表层沉积物磷的释放对上覆水的影响以及投加石灰、投加三气氛发化铁、连续曝气、换水清洗等措施对沉积物磷释放的控制效果,研究表明,在扰动、开放体系条件下,运河（杭州段）沉积物磷释放导致的上覆水总磷浓度在释放初期最高,随时间逐渐下降,表现出净吸附,采集于有机污染较重河段的沉积物磷释放能力显著高于总磷含量较高但以重金属污染为主的河段的沉积物,上覆水投加石灰最终导致沉积物磷释放量的增加,投加三氯化铁显著降低了上覆水总磷浓度,上覆水连续曝气降低了上覆水的平衡磷浓度、换水清洗对上覆水磷浓度的降低效果是有限的,然而上述措施均未能将上覆水总磷浓度控制在V类水的浓度限定值以下,因此,就上覆水TP的浓度指标而言,运河（杭州段）沉积物的内源释放对其影响很大。 相似文献
11.
曝气充氧对城市污染河道内源铵态氮释放的控制 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以城市污染河道沉积物和上覆水为研究对象,利用模拟实验方法,探讨不同曝气充氧方式(水曝气EW、底泥曝气ES)对污染河道內源铵态氮(NH4+-N)释放的影响.研究结果发现:从间隙水和沉积物中NH4+-N的削减效果来看,底泥曝气均要优于水曝气;实验结束后,底泥曝气组沉积物与间隙水中NH4+-N含量分别减少63.39%和43.33%,水曝气组分别减少了7.54%和13.98%;从沉积物-水界面NH4+-N的扩散通量变化来看,水曝气组界面通量高于对照组,其变化规律与对照组相似;底泥曝气组沉积物-水界面NH4+-N扩散通量变化过程完全不同于其它两组,在整个试验周期内(除第5 d以外),底泥曝气组的通量低于水曝气组,在第15 d最低,为13.73 mg/(m2.d),仅为水曝气组和对照组的14.68%和19.93%,表明底泥曝气组沉积物NH4+-N的释放潜力低于水曝气组沉积物. 相似文献
12.
太湖草源性"湖泛"水域沉积物营养盐释放估算 总被引：22，自引：12，他引：10
于太湖草源性"湖泛"暴发期,采集柱状沉积物并应用peeper被动采样装置获得"湖泛"区原位沉积物间隙水.泥水样品分析表明:"湖泛"发生水域表层(0~7 cm)沉积物的含水率、孔隙度和有机质含量均明显高于对照区,其中有机质含量更是对照区样品的4倍左右,沉水植物残体促使表层沉积物物化性质改变的作用明显;"湖泛"发生水域表层沉积物间隙水中铵态氮(NH+4-N)、溶解性反应磷(SRP)及Fe2+含量远高于未发生区,植物残体降解对沉积物厌氧环境的营造显著.运用分子扩散模型对沉积物释放通量估算:"湖泛"发生区沉积物NH+4-N、SRP和Fe2+的释放速率分别是对照区的49.8、15.3和123.1倍.研究认为,草源性"湖泛"水体氮、磷等营养物含量升高的主要原因是沉积物的释放,而"湖泛"所营造的厌氧环境是氮、磷释放急剧增加的主要驱动因素. 相似文献
13.
湖泊水华存在复杂的生消过程,然而目前较多研究聚焦在水华持续阶段对湖泊生态系统的影响,却较少关注水华生消过程对湖泊水体和沉积物理化性质的影响.以巢湖为对象,根据历史资料确定水华区和非水华区,在相同位点分别于水华形成前期、形成期、持续期和消亡期采集水体和沉积物样品,分析水华生消过程对湖泊水体和沉积物理化指标及营养盐的影响.结果表明,巢湖研究区域水华形成期为5月中旬至6月中旬,持续期为6月中旬至9月上旬,之后进入水华消亡期.水体透明度、p H值和溶解氧在水华区与非水华区大部分时间存在显著差异,且随水华生消过程呈现不同的变化趋势,但水温、氧化还原电位和电导率在水华区和非水华区无显著差异,并随水华生消过程呈现相同的变化趋势.非水华区水体和沉积物中各形态氮、磷浓度明显低于水华区,且随时间变化幅度相对较小.在水华区,水体氮、磷浓度(总溶解性氮、硝态氮、氨氮、总氮、总溶解性磷、磷酸盐)在水华形成期和水华持续前期呈下降趋势,但在水华持续后期和水华消亡期呈增加趋势;沉积物氮、磷浓度(总氮、总磷)和总有机质含量显著高于非水华区,三者在水华区和非水华区随水华生消过程呈现不同的变化趋势.研究表明,水华生消过程对湖泊营养盐和水体及沉积物性质有不同的影响,这对湖泊富营养化治理和水华防治具有重要意义. 相似文献
14.
以三峡水库香溪河库湾为研究对象,采用原位加密采样(2021年5月)和室内培养方法,结合沉积物特性与水环境因子分析,探讨了香溪河库湾沉积物甲烷(CH4)释放潜力、沉积物-水界面CH4产生和氧化通量空间分布规律及其影响因素。结果表明:三峡水库泄水期间,香溪河库湾沉积物CH4释放潜力的变化范围是6.35-2029.37 mg/(kg·d),沉积物-水界面CH4产生通量和氧化通量的变化范围分别为0.04～0.73、0.03～0.62 mmol/(m2·d);空间上,沉积物CH4释放潜力、沉积物-水界面CH4产生及氧化通量在香溪河库湾和各典型横切面(XX02、XX05和XX06)间表现出空间差异性,主要受水深、TOC和温度的影响。垂向上,CH4产生速率随沉积物深度的增加而减小,表层20 cm沉积物CH4释放潜力占整柱沉积物的70%,可以用于估算库湾沉积物CH4释放潜力。此外,沉积... 相似文献
15.
Tolo Harbour has received massive discharges of municipal sewage, agricultural wastes and cottage industrial effluents, via three river systems, in the past two decades before the mid Eighties. The Harbour is almost land locked and poorly flushed. The soft sediment acted as a sink for nutrients and organic pollutants. After a decade of efforts in establishing and enforcing water pollution control legislations and upgrading wastewater treatment facilities, the sediments have turned into sources of nutrients and exert a measurable oxygen demand upon the overlying waters. In vitro measurements showed that the sediments oxygen demand (SOD) was between 17.6 and 54.3 mgo2 · m-2 · h-1. The maximum rates of release of ortho-phosphate phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen were 15.0 and 206.0 mg · m-2 · h-1, respectively. 相似文献
16.
17.
太湖沉积物-水界面生源要素迁移机制及定量化——1.铵态氮释放速率的空间差异及源-汇通量 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
采集柱状芯样,室内静态模拟不同温度下太湖沉积物铵态氮释放.结果表明,经面积加权,5℃、15℃和25℃下氮的交换速率分别为-16.0±17.6mg/穴m2·d雪、12.6±6.9mg/穴m2·d雪和34.1±20.8mg/穴m2·d雪,不同湖区其释放速率差异极大.受外源污染影响较大的水域,氮释放量随温度的升高而增加;受死亡残体沉降和分解影响明显的草藻型湖区,氮的年释放通量较大.全太湖沉积物-水界面NH4 -N的年净通量为9960.3±4960.0t,其中成汇的通量值约为-911±637.9t/a,大部分泥区在一年中至少经过了一次的源-汇转换过程. 相似文献
18.
Based on field investigation of wave, sediment suspension and the changes in nutrient concentration of the water column in Lake Taihu, China, we proposed two release models to quantify nutrient release under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static conditions, nutrient release from sediments to the overlying water mainly depends on chemical diffusion induced by concentration gradient, in which the nutrient release is controlled by the temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration in the sediment-water interface, oxidation-reduction potential and the concentration difference between porewater and overlying water. Under dynamic condition (or disturbed condition), both dissolved and particulate nutrients in sediments are released into the water column because of wind-induced sediment suspension. The amount of nutrient release under dynamic conditions is larger than that under the static condition. The release of dissolved nutrients, however, does not increase because the wind induced turbulence made oxidation of metallic elements such as Fe (ferric iron), Mn which are capable of precipitating soluble reactive phosphate (SRP). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, the release of total phosphorus (TP) increases dramatically but the release of SRP is close to those under static conditions. In sediments of Lake Taihu, high Fe content leads to a high ratio of Fe to P contents in sediments (Fe:P ratio). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, nutrient release is controlled by the intensity of disturbance, sediment consolidation and nutrient content in sediments. As for dissolved nutrients, especially SRP, the release is also controlled by the intensity of dynamic re-oxidation, Fe content in sediments and nutrient concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. Based on these two release modes, the release flux in Lake Taihu has been estimated. In the static condition (i.e. laboratory experimental condition), total release of NH4 +-N for whole lake is ca. 10,000 ton/a, and PO4 3?-P is ca. 900 ton/a. In the dynamic condition, nutrient release following sediment suspension was estimated according to three different intensities of wind forcing which were defined as “calm” (wind speed is less than 2 m/s), “gentle” (wind speed is greater than 2 m/s and less than 6 m/s) and “gust” (wind speed is greater than 6 m/s). The release rate in the condition of “calm” was estimated in terms of the nutrient release in the laboratory experimental static condition; whereas the release rate in conditions of “gentle” and “gust” was estimated in terms of measurement during sediment resuspension conducted in flume experiments. With the observation of wind velocity and frequency in 2001, each type of wind forcing took the frequency of 12%, 82% and 6% for “calm”, “gentle” and “gust”, respectively. The yearly release of nitrogen was 81,000 ton and phosphorus was 21,000 ton, which is about 2–6 folds of annual external loading, respectively. 相似文献
|
| 设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏 |
|
Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司 京ICP备09084417号 |