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根据含超压气体裂隙震源模式，分析了地球内部放射热能向孕震区积聚的过程。建立了力学模型，对孕震区岩石弹性势能、位移势能、高能气体热能与地震波能量的转换作了定量分析，分别推导出地震震级与震源尺度、地形变、地震矩、孕震时间的关系式。所得结果与前人给出的相应公式和实际震例相符，据此，从能量方面进一步验证了含超压气体裂隙震源模式。 相似文献
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七十年代初,中外地震工作者先后发现震前有震源电磁辐射现象。由于震源电磁波信息对于地震的临震预报有意义,引起一些多震国家的关注。国内外的现场观测和岩石破裂模拟实验的结果表明,孕震区的电磁辐射伴随岩石块体破裂过程而产生;在一定的距离和接收频段上能够记录到震源辐射的电磁波;只要震前电磁辐射现象存在,就必然存在它的辐射源,这个辐射源可能就是正在孕育中的震源体本身。只要震源电磁辐射的这种波具有电磁波特性,就可以运用测向技术测定辐射源与观测点之间的相对方位角,然后通过几个不同的观测点在地图上交 相似文献
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阐述了１．国外地震地电学的观测现状和某些研究结果；２．探测孕震层位的岩体电学性质；３．电性多参数综合观测。 相似文献
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本文对１９８９年山西大同－阳高６．１级地震的前兆过程及其场、源特征进行了综合研究，结果表明，大同－阳高地震震前较为丰富的前兆现象是震源应力场与区域应力场共同作用的结果，估计大同地震的震源区尺度为２０－３０ｋｍ，孕震区范围约２００ｋｍ。最早的异常（震前３－４年）表现为大同盆地沉降速率加大，且出现在震源区，然后扩展至孕震区边缘，在孕震区边缘（１５０－２００ｋｍ）存在中、短期异常的突出集中区，在孕震过程 相似文献
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本文对美洲中南部西海岸１４个孕震区的强震复发时间Ｔ进行了计算，并进行地震预报，提出在未来１０年内，利用对数正态分布对１４个孕震区的发震概率分别进行了计算，计算的高概率地区包括瓦哈卡，恰帕斯和秘鲁南部。 相似文献
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本文对1975年2月4日辽宁省海城7.3级地震和1976年7月28日河北省唐山7.8级地震,广大孕震区内震前三年多时间地震波振幅比的变化,进行了系统的测量。地震前二—三年期间在震中区出现振幅比的相对高值区,而其外围则出现相对的低值区。随着孕震态势的发展,不同时期的地震波振幅比,其高值区逐渐缩小,低值区逐渐加大,即高值区和低值区都是自孕震区外围向震中区收缩移动,形成有规律的空间变化图象。本文用孕震区形成地壳波浪状形变的模型,解释地震波振幅比移动变化图象的成因。孕震期间,由于地壳波浪状形变的性质,导致孕震地壳受力状态各异,形成广大的非均匀介质区。从一般非均匀、各向同性的弹性体内位移的运动方程出发,划分出受扰介质和非受扰介质。按着相应的波动方程,解出“原生波”和“散射波”的位移,给地震波振幅比异常以物理上的解释。本文同时讨论地震波振幅比异常对地震予报的意义。 相似文献
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Ground-based thermal emission measurements of the zenith sky have been made at Peterborough, Ontario since January 1993. In this paper, the measurement of the 6 band of atmospheric CFC-12, an important greenhouse gas, is presented for a cold, clear day in January 1994. A spectrum of the non-CFC-12 emission features has been simulated using the FASCD3P radiation code and measured radiosonde profiles of temperature, pressure and humidity. This has enabled a satisfactory subtraction of the interfering emission features from the CFC-12 emission spectrum. A comparison of the observed and simulated 6-bands of CFC-12 shows good agreement at all frequencies of emission. From these spectra the total downward greenhouse radiative flux from the CFC-12 6 emission based for a very cold day has been estimated to be 0.27 W m−2±10%. 相似文献
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N. I. Izhovkina I. S. Prutensky S. A. Pulinets Z. Klos H. Rothkaehl 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2007,47(6):739-749
The intensity of the wave emission in the 0.1–10 MHz band measured in the ionosphere (the APEX satellite experiment) has been presented. A jump of the plasma density and an increase in the emission intensity at a plasma frequency have been registered at altitudes of ～1300 km in the topside auroral ionosphere. The emission intensity in the whistler-mode band nonmonotonically increased along the satellite trajectory near the plasma jump wall. It has been indicated that waveguides could be formed near the wall during damping of electrostatic oscillations generated by precipitating electron fluxes. A spatially nonmonotonous separation of waveguides from the plasma inhomogeneity stretched along geomagnetic field lines is possible in this case. 相似文献
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在不同加载方式的三轴实验中,观测了济南辉长岩和北京昌平花岗岩的声发射(围压达1.3千巴).当最大主应力增加使岩样破坏时(A型),平均声发射率逐渐增加,离破裂强度约几百巴时声发射急剧增多.而当岩石处于一定的高应力状态,通过减小围压使岩样破坏时(B型),声发射的急剧增加仅出现在离破裂差应力20-30巴的情况下,而且这种破裂过程声发射总数只有 A 型的1/3左右.在 B 型加载情况下,从应力场的球张量部分(流体静压力)来看,是一个卸载过程,而从偏张量部分来看,是一个加载过程.这种卸载过程的存在很可能是造成声发射不同特征的主要原因. 相似文献
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岩石破裂时电磁辐射的机理研究 总被引：21，自引：6，他引：21
本文提出了岩石破裂时的电磁辐射是裂纹尖端电荷随着裂纹加速扩展运动所产生的假说.应用断裂力学方法推导了岩石破裂时初始裂纹长度与裂纹扩展加速度的关系,并计算了其速度和加速度值.根据破裂岩石的电子发射理论,解释了裂纹尖端带电荷的现象.利用岩石在单轴压缩致裂过程中记录到的近场电磁辐射的实验结果,计算了裂纹扩展时裂纹尖端的电荷量和远场电磁辐射强度.通过对电磁辐射波谱分析的研究,得到岩石破裂时电磁辐射频率上限的估计值.最后对岩石破裂时出现的声光电磁现象在理论上作了统一的定性的解释. 相似文献
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本文利用中国北极黄河站多波段全天空极光观测数据,选取稳定的日侧极光弧,统计研究了极光强度比I_(557.7)/I_(630.0)与极光发光强度I_(557.7)的相关关系.发现I_(557.7)在午前暖点和午后热点区附近出现极大值,分别为2.2kR和2.9 kR;而I_(630.0)在磁正午出现极大值,为1.5kR.当I_(557.7)从0.1kR增加到10kR时,极光强度比I_(557.7)/I_(630.0)也由0.2增加到9.结合DMSP卫星探测的沉降粒子能谱数据,找到17个DMSP卫星穿越黄河站上空极光弧的事件,共穿越40条极光弧.得到了沉降电子的平均能量正比于极光强度比I_(557.7)/I_(630.0),沉降电子的总能通量正相关于极光强度I_(557.7)的关系式.利用该关系式反演所有极光弧的电子能谱,发现在午前和午后扇区,产生极光弧的沉降电子主要来源于等离子体片边界层;在高纬出现强度较弱的弧,对应等离子体幔区域.在磁正午附近,沉降电子的平均能量较低,极光弧处于低纬一侧,粒子源区主要是低纬边界层. 相似文献
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Yuanming Guo Chase Holton Hong Luo Paul Dahlen Paul C. Johnson 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2019,39(2):43-52
Groundwater elevation fluctuation has been recognized as one mechanism causing temporal indoor air volatile organic chemical (VOC) impacts in vapor intrusion risk assessment guidance. For dissolved VOC sources, groundwater table fluctuation shortens/lengthens the transport pathway, and delivers dissolved contaminants to soils that are alternating between water saturated and variably saturated conditions, thereby enhancing volatilization potential. To date, this mechanism has not been assessed with field data, but enhanced VOC emission flux has been observed in lab-scale and modeling studies. This work evaluates the impact of groundwater elevation changes on VOC emission flux from a dissolved VOC plume into a house, supplemented with modeling results for cyclic groundwater elevation changes. Indoor air concentrations, air exchange rates, and depth to groundwater (DTW) were collected at the study house during an 86-d constant building underpressurization test. These data were used to calculate changes in trichloroethylene (TCE) emission flux to indoor air, during a period when DTW varied daily and seasonally from about 3.1 to 3.4 m below the building foundation (BF). Overall, TCE flux to indoor air varied by about 50% of the average, without any clear correlation to changes in DTW or its change rate. To complement the field study, TCE surface emission fluxes were simulated using a one-dimensional model (HYDRUS 1D) for conditions similar to the field site. Simulation results showed time-averaged surface TCE fluxes for cyclic water-table elevations were greater than for stationary water-table conditions at an equivalent time-averaged water-table position. The magnitudes of temporal TCE emission flux changes were generally less than 50% of the time-averaged flux, consistent with the field site observations. Simulation results also suggested that TCE emission flux changes due to groundwater fluctuation are likely to be significant at sites with shallow groundwater (e.g., < 0.5 m BF) and permeable soil types (e.g., sand). 相似文献
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It is well known that the 630-nm nightglow emission intensity in midlatitudes increases by more than a factor of 2 during a sunspot maximum. It has been assumed that the phenomenon is caused by variations in solar UV radiation during a solar cycle (Fishkova, 1983). We present the results of photometric measurements of the nightglow 630.0 nm emission intensity at a latitude of 63° E and longitude of 130° E (Yakutsk) in 1990–2007. The dependence of the 630-nm emission intensity on solar activity on magnetically quiet days in the 22nd and 23rd solar cycles is shown. The close relationship between the 630-nm nightglow intensity and the intensity of extreme UV (EUV) with a correlation coefficient of 0.8–0.9 in 1997–2007 is ascertained from the SOHO/SEM data. The dominance of solar EUV in the excitation of nightglow 630-nm emission has thus been experimentally proved. 相似文献
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实验室声发射三维定位软件 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
简要介绍了地震动力学实验室新一代声发射定位软件的主要功能、定位算法的实现方案以及定位效果的评测结果。新软件配有多种通用数据库接口,具有与设备无关的处理能力。它除了可以进行三维定位之外,还可以进行面定位与线定位。定位时,可以给定样品的波速,也可以把波速当未知数求解。定位算法的主要改进有两个方面:1)以稳健的走时绝对偏差最小作为定位目标函数;2)方程组求解优化过程采用了模拟退火法直接搜索目标函数的全局最小值。新软件显著提高了定位的精度,同时提供了一个方便快捷的数据处理平台 相似文献