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1.
结构振动控制智能材料研究及应用进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
压电材料、形状记忆材料、电(磁)流变体以及磁致伸缩材料是土木工程结构振动控制中经常采用的4种智能材料。本文概括介绍了4种智能材料的基本原理,系统总结了4种智能材料在土木工程结构振动控制中的研究与应用进展,最后指出了需进一步研究的方向。  相似文献   

2.
智能材料-结构系统在土木工程中的应用   总被引:27,自引:4,他引:23  
本文在简要说明了“智材料-结构系统”的基本概念和它在土 木工程中的两种应用途径的基础上,较为系统地介绍了光纤材料,碳纤维混凝土,俞合管道、等七种智能材料在土木工程结构中的应用。  相似文献   

3.
埋地生命线管道系统智能监测的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
智能材料在土木工程和防灾减灾工程中的应用是未来土木工程和减灾科学领域发展的重要方向,本文对光纤传感技术在埋地生命线管道系统抗震防灾方面的作用作了初步的研究。对光纤传感器应用于埋地生命线系统中存在的主要问题作了分析,提出了实施埋地生命线系统智能监测的方案。  相似文献   

4.
含电流变体的复合砂浆梁振动特性实验研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
本文开展了将电流变体智能材料直接理置在土木工程中常用的砂浆材料中的可行性、具体操作工艺及注意事项的研究,利用电流变体作为驱动元件与基体砂浆材料结合制成智能悬臂梁结构,调节施加在电流变体上的电压,用锤击法测定其在不同电场强度下的自振频率,观察分析频率随电场慢度的变化规律。实验结果表明,改变施加在电流变体上的电压确实可以改变复合梁的整体振动特性,尤其是对第一、二阶频率影响比较明显。本文的研究为电流变体在实际工程结构振动控制领域的应用奠定了实验基础。  相似文献   

5.
ER智能材料在结构振动控制中的应用   总被引:25,自引:3,他引:22  
ER智能材料是一种可控流体,它能在电场的作用下可从牛顿流体变为剪切屈服应力较高的粘塑性体,且这种转变连续,可逆,迅速,因此,可用它来制作可调阻尼器,实现对工程结构风振和地震反应半主动控制,本文在简要地介绍了ER智能材料电流变效应的基本原理和影响因素之后,建立了适用于土木工程结构控制用的二种类型的ER可调阻尼器的工作原理和力学模型,并在介绍了ER可控阻尼器对工程结构风振和地震反应半主动控制的实施原则  相似文献   

6.
智能流体减振控制的研究与应用   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14  
智能流体是一种极具发展的前景和工程应用价值的智能材料,其流变效应可以通过施加电场和磁场来控制。本文概述了两种智能流体的基本性能,并对其进行了比较,介绍了智能流体阻惯器的几种力学模型及在土木工程结构减震控制中的应用,提出了需进一步研究的若干问题。  相似文献   

7.
土木工程是人类赖以生存的重要物质基础,其为人类文明发展作出巨大贡献的同时,也在大量地消耗资源和能源,可持续的土木工程结构是实现人类社会可持续发展的重要途径之一。可持续的土木工程结构涉及材料、结构体系、结构可持续性的分析设计理论和评价体系。本文分别从结构材料、功能材料、可持续的结构体系、结构可持续性的分析与设计理论、结构可持续性的定量评价指标等几个方面阐述可持续土木工程结构的科学问题与实现的技术途径。  相似文献   

8.
形状记忆合金在土木工程中的应用   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15  
首先概述了形状记忆合金的基本物理力学性能,对不同性能分别指出了其在土木工程中的不同应用前景;随后就形状记忆合金在土木工程领域的研究现状进行了介绍;最后对目前国产形状记忆合金材料的不足进行了分析,讨论了形状记忆合金在我国土木工程应用中所面临的几个问题。  相似文献   

9.
土木工程是人类文明的重要载体,往往也是众多灾害的温床。首先给出了灾害的一般定义,并在此基础上提出了土木工程灾害的概念,阐述其特点、分类、成因及其防御技术。土木工程灾害本质上是由于土木工程抗灾能力不足导致的。不当的选址、不当的设防、不当的设计、不当的施工、不当的使用和维护管理都会造成土木工程抗灾能力的不足。许多所谓的自然灾害,包括伴随着地震、风、洪水、滑坡、泥石流等自然现象发生的灾害,本质上都是土木工程灾害。土木工程灾害在世界各地频繁发生,是众多灾害中与人类关系最密切的一类灾害。强调指出了只有依靠土木工程方法,人类才能减轻和防御包括许多自然灾害在内的各种土木工程灾害,并论述了研究与防御土木工程灾害的主要目标和相关的科学技术问题。  相似文献   

10.
压电材料是一种新型智能材料。本文将压电材料和被动摩擦阻尼器相结合设计出一种新型智能摩擦阻尼器,并采用基于经典最优控制理论的半主动控制策略对高耸钢塔结构风振反应的控制进行了研究,对国内即将兴建的第一高钢电视塔--合肥悲翠电视塔进行了算例分析。为满足摩擦阻尼器对高耸钢塔结构风振控制的特殊需要,文中还建立了高耸钢塔结构的空间桁架有限元模型和串联多自由度体系模型,并在形成广义控制力作用位置矩阵和计算摩擦阻  相似文献   

11.
Abstrect The recent developments of theoretical research, model tests and engineering applications of structural control in mainland China are reviewed in this paper. It includes seismic isolation, passive energy dissipation, active and semi-active control, smart materials and smart structural systems. It can be seen that passive control methods, such as seismic isolation and energy dissipation methods, have developed into the mature stage in China. At the same time, great progress has been made in active and semi-active control, and smart actuators or smart dampers and smart structural systems. Finally, some future research initiatives for structural control in civil engineering are suggested. Supported by : National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50025821)  相似文献   

12.
The seismic behavior of unreinforced masonry buildings is typically characterized by premature brittle collapse mechanisms that can cause serious consequences for the protection of human lives and for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage. Structural health monitoring can be a powerful tool enabling a quick post-earthquake assessment of the structure's performance, but its applications are still scarce as a consequence of the severe limitations affecting off-the-shelf sensing technologies, in terms of local nature of the measurements, costs, as well as long-term behavior, installation, and maintenance. To overcome some of these limitations, the authors have recently proposed a new sensing technology, called “smart brick,” that is a durable clay brick doped with stainless steel microfibers, working as a smart strain sensor for masonry buildings. This paper presents the first full-scale application of smart bricks, used for detecting and localizing progressive earthquake-induced damage in an unreinforced masonry building subjected to shaking table tests. Smart bricks are employed to detect changes in load paths on masonry walls, comparing strain measurements acquired after each step of the seismic sequence with those referring to the undamaged structure. Experimental results are interpreted using a 3D finite element model built to reproduce the shaking table tests. Overall, the results demonstrate that the smart bricks can effectively reveal local permanent changes in structural conditions following a progressive damage, therefore being apt for earthquake-induced damage detection and localization.  相似文献   

13.
The intrinsic vulnerability of masonry structures to seismic events makes structural health monitoring of the utmost importance for the conservation of the built heritage. The development of piezoresistive bricks, also termed smart bricks, is an innovative technology recently proposed by the authors for the monitoring of such structures. Smart bricks exhibit measurable variations in their electrical properties when subjected to external loads or, alternatively, strain self-sensing capabilities. Therefore, the deployment of a network of smart bricks into a masonry structure confers self-diagnostic properties to the host structure. In this light, this paper presents a theoretical investigation on the application of smart bricks to full-scale masonry structures for seismic assessment. This includes the study of the convenience of providing electrical isolation conditions to the sensors, as well as the effectiveness of smart bricks when installed into either new constructions or in pre-existing structures. Secondly, numerical results are presented on the seismic analysis of a three-dimensional masonry building equipped with a network of smart bricks. Finally, in order to map the strain field throughout the structure exploiting the outputs of a limited number of sensors, an interpolation-based strain reconstruction approach is proposed.  相似文献   

14.
大震下被动与智能隔震结构动力可靠度的对比   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
对被动及智能隔震结构在“大震”条件下的动力可靠度进行探讨。将被动及智能隔震体系均取作弹塑性模型,并用退化Bouc-W en滞变模型描述上部结构的恢复力,用非退化Bouc-W en模型描述隔震层的恢复力。采用虚拟激励法计算结构的随机响应,根据我国抗震规范中“大震不倒”的设防目标,采用各层最大层间位移峰值响应和累积滞变耗能构造双参数的随机疲劳累积损伤指数,作为功能状态指标。假定各层失效相关,用串联系统计算体系动力可靠度。通过数值算例,对比了被动隔震、智能隔震与非隔震体系的条件失效概率,从动力可靠度角度显示了智能隔震体系的减震优势。  相似文献   

15.
压电材料是一种新型智能材料。本文将压电材料和被动摩擦阻尼器相结合设计出一种新型智能摩擦阻尼器,并采用基于经典最优控制理论的半主动控制策略对高耸钢塔结构风振反应的控制进行了研究,对国内即将兴建的第一高钢电视塔──合肥翡翠电视塔进行了算例分析。为满足摩擦阻尼器对高耸钢塔结构风振控制的特殊需要、文中还建立了房耸钢塔结构的空间桁架有限元模型和串联多自由度体系模型,并在形成广义控制力作用位置矩阵和计算摩擦阻尼器两端的相对位移的过程中综合地运用了这两种力学模型。本文研究表明,压电材料智能摩擦阻尼器可以有效地抑制高耸钢塔结构的风振反应。  相似文献   

16.
磁流变智能基础隔震系统研究   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
本文将磁流变(MR)阻尼器与普通橡胶隔震支座相结合,组成智能基础隔震系统应用到结构控制中。在详细介绍了系统的各部分与整体运行情况后,采用LQR经典线性最优控制算法对结构进行了振动台试验研究。试验结果表明,由MR阻尼器提供可调阻尼力的智能隔震控制系统,能有效克服被动隔震最优控制频带窄的缺点,对较宽频域范围地震激励能进行有效的振动控制。其相对一般被动隔震装置,能同时减小上部结构加速度和隔震层位移.  相似文献   

17.
Upgrading noncode conforming buildings to mitigate seismic induced damages is important in moderate to high seismic hazard regions. The damage, can be mitigated by using conventional (e.g. FRP wrapping) and emerging (e.g. smart structures) retrofit techniques. A model for the structure to be retrofitted should include relevant performance indicators. This paper proposes a variable stiffness smart structure device known as the Smart Spring to be integrated on building structures to mitigate seismic induced damage. The variable stiffness capability is of importance to structures that exhibit vertical (e.g. soft storey) irregularities and to meet different performance levels under seismic excitation. To demonstrate the utility of the proposed retrofitting technique, a four‐storey steel building is modelled in MATLAB and appropriate performance indicators are chosen. Various return period seismic hazards are generated from past earthquake event records to predict the structure's performance. The performance improvement because of the retrofitting of building structures using the variable stiffness device is presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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