共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 421 毫秒
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休眠长达123年之久的海伦斯火山,自1980年发生一系列喷发活动包括使人触目惊心的5月18日的一次大喷发以来,已成为人们研究的中心;并比对历史上任何一座火山都研究得更为详细和彻底。美国地质调查局派出的约65人组成的两支考察队正在华盛顿州内的山脉上勘查。由科学家、技术员、野外人员和公务员等25人组成的一支地质考查队正在监测和研究火山与地震活动的情况。另一支由30名专家组成的水源考察队也正在对不断发生变化的排水系统进行观测,以便预测出可能发生的洪水危险并向下游居民或公司企业发生警报。 相似文献
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火山能够产生大量地震信号，这些信号与地震断层产生的地震信号不同。几乎在每一次有记录的火山喷发之前，火山下面或附近的地震活动性会增强，并伴有不同程度的地震活动。因此，地震学已成为火山喷发预报和监测的最有力的手段之一。目前，尽管在不同火山建立的监测站的数量和质量有很大差异，但世界上近200座火山均已采用地震方法监测，这表明在历史上曾发生过喷发的538座火山中有约1／3的火山采用了地震监测。近几十年来，每年会发生55～70次火山喷发（Simkin，1993）。火山的喷发引起了人们的广泛关注，其中一半以上都有地震监测设施。 相似文献
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利用InSAR技术研究新疆阿什库勒火山群现今活动性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新疆于田县以南250km处的阿什库勒盆地内部,坐落着由10余座主火山和数十个子火山组成的阿什库勒火山群.该火山群海拔较高,气候恶劣,现今活动性未知.文中基于Envisat ASAR和ALOS PALSAR卫星影像资料,利用干涉图堆叠技术和短基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术提取了阿什库勒火山群地区2003-2010年的地表形变场,并据此分析了火山的现今活动状态.结果表明,2008年于田地震之前(2003-2007年),阿什库勒火山群地区比较稳定,形变不明显;2008年于田地震之后(2008-2010年),阿什库勒火山群地区整体有沿雷达视线方向隆升的态势,累积最大约1cm,为震后块体应力调整的结果,并非火山活动引起的地表形变.而于田地震地表同震破裂带北端则显示出了较强的东向水平运动和垂向下沉运动的形变态势,累积最大约6cm. 相似文献
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正位于中朝边界的长白山天池火山是一座具有潜在灾害性喷发的大型近代活动火山。长白山天池火山历史上发生了多次喷发事件,曾造成了巨大的灾难,发生在公元946年的大喷发,就规模和猛烈程度而言,属于全球近2000年以来最大的爆炸喷发之一。鉴于此,"九五"和"十五"期间,中国地震局等几家单位对长白山天池火山进行了较为系统的地质、地球物理探测研究,并进行了以地震活动、形变、地球化学变化为主的固定、流动台网监测研究工作,取 相似文献
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探讨了1597年10月6日（明万历二十五年八月二十六日）地震的烈度特征，地震伴随的湖震和火山喷发，以及地震类型与规模．结果表明， 1597年10月6日地震为可能发生在ldquo;珲春——汪清深震区rdquo;的一次Mge;8深源地震；地震在中国东部地区产生了广泛的湖震，其多种形态可与1775年葡萄牙里斯本地震产生的湖震比拟；地震触发了望天鹅火山的一次中小规模爆发式喷发，其地点在中国吉林省长白县境内． 相似文献
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2008年7月17日,在日本科学技术学术审议会上,审议通过了从2009年度开始的有关地震和火山喷发预报观测研究的5年计划《推进地震和火山喷发预报的观测研究计划（2009--2014）》。 相似文献
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STUDY OF THE LAVA FLOW HAZARD ZONING BASED ON THE KINEMATIC THERMO-RHEOLOGICAL MODEL:EXAMPLE STUDY FOR THE ASHIKULE VOLCANO,XINJIANG 
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下载免费PDF全文 The lava flow hazard is an important and frequent disaster for residents in the volcanic area. In this paper, we focus on the lava flow inundation hazard zoning based on the example case of the Ashikule volcano in Xinjiang, China. Firstly, the parameters of magma such as density, viscosity and temperature are calculated by the empirical formula of magma utilizing results of previous field geological survey and petrology analysis. Then, using the kinematic thermo-rheological model, we simulated the inundation area of lava flow from Ashi volcano at the effusion rates of 200m3/s and 500m3/s. The simulation results of Ashi volcano well coincide to the geological map and verify that the method and parameters are valid. Then the applied simulations were carried out to calculate the lava flow inundation area in future eruption at Ashi, Wuluke and Daheishan crater with different effusion rates. At last, according to the analysis of the applied simulation results and drawing lessons from the foreign disaster zoning method, the four-level hazard zoning was built and set with different colors. The first level with red color is the extra-dangerous zone that is always inundated in any eruption but only distributes near the lava spillway of the crater. The second level with orange color is the dangerous zone that is inundated in the medium scale eruption. The third level with yellow color is the sub-dangerous zone that is corresponding to the large eruption. The fourth level with blue color is the potential dangerous zone that is only inundated in the extra-large eruption. In addition, we put forward the suggestion to respond to and avoid the disaster in future. Although China has not been affected by the lava flow for nearly three hundred years, the prospective study in this paper will lay the foundation for the study of related disasters, and provide the reference for the major construction projects in the volcanic area. 相似文献
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2020年是海原大地震过去的第100年。利用文献计量学方法，以CNKI数据库为数据源，采用Bicomb和Excel作为分析工具，对我国海原地震研究队伍及成果产出的发展特点和现状予以统计分析，以期为该领域的相关研究和决策提供参考。研究发现，我国学者对于海原地震一直有所关注，但发文总量不多；发文量最多的期刊是《地震工程学报》；资助文献数量最多的是国家自然科学基金和地震科学联合基金；主要产出机构是中国地震局兰州地震研究所和中国地震局地质研究所；海原地震研究的主要研究热点和方向包括古地震研究、黄土滑坡形成机制与运动特征、震源机制解、活动断裂带特征、灾后重建与赈灾考等。 相似文献
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长白山天池火山是中国最具有潜在灾害性喷发危险的活动火山。在开展长白山天池火山近代喷发历史的研究中,通过野外考察、粒度分析、岩石化学研究,识别出了一套新的火山喷发物。这套喷发物分布于天池水面东北侧,为一套灰色多层火山碎屑堆积,厚约9.2m。下伏公元1668年的火山空降堆积。粒度分析表明,天池火山最近一次喷发物以空降堆积为主,夹一层薄层涌浪堆积,火山喷发类型为射气岩浆型。涌浪堆积碎屑物的分数维值为2.71。空降堆积的分数维值小于涌浪堆积,综合投点求出的分数维值为2.36。显微镜下可观察到鸡骨架状玻屑,无黏土矿物,为原生火山爆发堆积。火山碎屑堆积物中的浮岩岩石化学分析结果表明岩浆成分为粗面质。根据历史记录、地层层序关系、堆积物特征的综合分析,推测堆积物的形成时间为公元1903年 相似文献
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阿什库勒盆地位于NE向阿尔金断裂与NW向康西瓦断裂的"弧形"交会处,构造活动十分活跃,盆地内发育10余座火山,其中阿什火山为该火山群中最新活动的火山。文中从火山地质、熔岩和斑晶成分、显微结构特征及地质温压计4个方面对阿什火山进行了详细研究。结果表明,阿什火山由火山锥和熔岩流组成,锥体由早期的渣锥和晚期的溅落锥组成,熔岩流分布面积约33km2,可划分为4个流动单元。熔岩属于钾玄岩系列,岩性为粗安岩,显微镜下呈斑状结构。斑晶以长石(主要为中长石)和辉石(包括普通辉石、古铜辉石和紫苏辉石)为主;基质为玻璃质、隐晶质、微晶质,部分含有大量的长石和辉石。斑晶与岩浆的平衡温度为1 104~1 194℃,压力为570~980MPa,对应的岩浆房深度为18.92~32.29km。 相似文献
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Yifan Yuan 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2008,7(3):247-254
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Observations of the summit eruption of Klyuchevskoi volcano in the period from February 15, 2007 to July 9, 2007 are considered. This typical (for this volcano) summit eruption was explosive-effusive in character. The ejectamenta volume is estimated at 0.025 km3. Calculation of active phases of the volcano was carried out in accordance with V.A. Shirokov’s technique. The identified active phases agree well with the eruptive periods. The 2007 summit eruption corresponds to an active phase (May 2006 to May 2009) favorable for the volcano’s eruption. Geodetic observations carried out since 1979 along a radial profile have revealed uplifts and subsidences of the northeastern slope of the volcano. The maximum displacement of 23 cm was recorded in 2007 on the site closest to the volcano crater at a distance of 11 km from the summit crater center. In the course of two previous summit eruptions (2003–2004 and 2005) insignificant uplifts and subsidences of the slope were also noted, although the general ascent of the slope remained. This indicated possible repeated eruptions in the nearest future. Changes in the seismicity before, during and after the eruption are also discussed. 相似文献
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The historical document record is of vital significance to determine the volcanic eruption history age in the volcanology research and it cannot be replaced by 14C dating and other methods. The volcanoes are widely distributed in the northeast area of China, but there is lack of relevant historical records. However, there are the records of the volcanic eruption in the historical documents of Goryeo Dynasty(AD918-1392)and Joseon Dynasty(AD1391-1910)in the Korean Peninsula which is separated by a river with China only. Some of the records have been widely used as important information to the research of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano eruption history by researchers both at home and abroad, but they have different opinions. On the basis of the historical documents in the Korean Peninsula, that is, the History of Goryeo Dynasty and the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty so on, the phenomena of volcanic eruptions, including the intuitive eruptive events and the doubtful volcanic eruption phenomenon such as "the ash fall", "the white hair fall", "the sky fire", "the dust fall" are investigated and put in order systematically in this paper. The results are as follows:1)The intuitive eruptive events are the 1002AD eruption of Mt. Halla volcano on Jeju Island, Korea Peninsula, and the 1007AD volcanic eruption offshore to the west of Jeju Island, Korea Peninsula, as well as the 1597AD eruption of Mt. Wangtian'e volcano in Changbai County, Jilin Province, China; 2)"The ash fall" is airborne volcanic ash, and those "ash falls" happening in 1265, 1401-1405, 1668, 1673 and 1702AD are possibly the tephra of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano; 3)"The white hair fall" is Pele's hair and it is speculated that the "white hair fall "happening in 1737AD is related to Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic eruption; 4)If regarding "the sky fire" as the volcanic eruption phenomenon, "the sky fire" happening in 1533AD is possibly the Changbaishan volcanic eruption event, and "the sky fire" in 1601-1609AD may be the eruptive event of the Longgang volcano in Jilin Province, China or Changbaishan Tianchi volcano; 5)"The dust fall" is recorded in many historical documents. However, "the dust fall" is not the volcanic ash fall but the phenomenon of loess fall. So, it is improper to determine the eruptive events of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano on the basis of "the dust fall". 相似文献
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区域数字地震台网实时速报系统研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
根据我国地震监测台网的发展趋势,提出了区域数字地震台网实时速报系统的发展目标,研究了实现这一目标应解决的实时数据流接收、震相自动识别、震相可靠性处理、实时地震定位、震相到时等值线实时绘制、地震震级的实时计算、地震动强度分布图的实时绘制等问题.我们编制了一套实时地震速报软件,实现了上述功能,并用福建数字地震台网记录的地震事件进行软件功能测试.测试结果表明:对于网内地震,软件处理结果基本达到中国地震局地震速报评比满分的要求,速报时间缩短至30～50 s.此外,通过实时仿真技术,系统可给出实际观测到的PGA、PGV、PGD等值线图,可以为应急救灾确定重灾区和有感范围提供帮助. 相似文献
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电子政务是国民经济和社会信息化的重要内容,也是当前和今后一个时期我国信息化工作的重点。本文从信息整合的概念及面临的形势阐述了地震政务网站信息整合分类体系构架和面向公共服务的构成,提出了地震政务网站信息整合的新思路。 相似文献