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利用“八五”研究课题的成果，分析了山西Ｍ≥７强震前后地震活动图像，指出一次Ｍ≥７强震前将经历了如下过程：４～５级中等地震活动迅速增多，出现辅助性地震条带和背景性地震空区，地震序列密集活动伴随应变释和加速，发生广义前震一平静－发震，认为这一演化过程是山西地区Ｍ≥７强震前的地震活动基本图像。 相似文献
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论汶川8．0级地震前的地震活动及趋势估计问题 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文对汶川8．0级地震前南北地震带大震轮回、首发大震、地震平静或空区、地震条带等地震活动图像在震前分析的基础上就地震预测问题进行了思考。地震活动图像在蕴震过程或阶段的估计只能是背景或中期预测的意义。同时指出区域地震活动图像在大范围多构造区的蕴震态分析中的复杂性。 相似文献
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昆仑山口西8．1级地震的孕育过程以地震空间图像的递进演变为特征,可分为三个阶段：1959年以来M≥6地震围成背景空区的阶段,1994年以来M≥5地震围成孕震空区的阶段和震前4个月的“逼近地震空区”阶段．在孕震空区的末期,青藏块体及中国西部出现了1～2年的地震奈带;伴随逼近地震空区的形成,还出现了较大范围的小震平静．最后讨论了中国大陆西部8级地震的时空演变特征。 相似文献
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2010年4月14日青海玉树发生了7.1级地震,在震前2小时发生了一次4.7级前震。分析表明,玉树7.1级地震前一些主要的地震活动异常多有显示,例如空区、条带、增强和平静等,且与7级大震震例比较,这些前兆地震活动图像的演变具有类似的过程。跟踪这些图像及其演变有可能识别前震。最后评估了该识别方法的可信度。 相似文献
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青藏高原北部地区弱震空间图像特征与中短期地震预测方法 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过对青藏高原北部地区31次地震的研究,确定了震前地震活动图像的中短期预测指标以及中期向短期过渡的异常判据及预测方法。研究结果表明,中强地震前普遍存在地震空区、弱震条带、前兆地震或震群、地震活动增强和平静等异常图像,所表现出的异常时间存在很大的差异。具有中短期特征的弱震空区(段)和条带一般出现在震前1～3a,平均持续时间1a,在空区解体后1～6个月发生地震。大多数前兆地震或震群活动属于短临异常,一般出现在震前几天至6个月,震级差为1．0～2．3,距离震中5～60km,空间上主要集中在祁连山地震带。地震活动增强以应力集中为主,属于短期异常特征。异常图像在时间上表现为中期阶段以孕震空区、弱震条带、地震活动增强和平静等异常,异常比较显著且不同步;短临阶段出现前兆地震和地震空区停止活动而形成的临震前的相对平静。异常图像在空间上具有较明显的分区性,与区域活动构造有一定的关系。 相似文献
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分析了汶川地震前地震活动时空演化特征．结果表明:①汶川地震前38a龙门山断裂带及其附近形成5级地震背景空区,震前6.5a形成ML4.0地震孕震空区,震前1a孕震空区内部及其两端相继发生多次ML4.0—5.0地震,空区缩小;②中国大陆西部及邻区2001年以来处于大震活跃时段,而中国大陆内部地震活动水平非常低,出现非常显著的7级、6级和5级地震平静;③南北地震带7级以上地震在时间上具有准周期特征,空间上存在由南向北迁移的特点,汶川地震的发生符合这一规律;④1998年以来南北地震带中段为7级地震空段,汶川地震就发生该空段内;⑤2003年云南大姚地震后,南北地震带地震活动显著增强,且在中、南段形成4.6级以上地震环形分布,四川及其附近表现为异常平静,同时震群活动显著,且在4.6级地震平静区内形成震群空区,汶川地震就发生震群空区的边缘,震前8个月,震群频度出现高值异常;⑥汶川地震前7个月,青藏块体大范围ML≥4.0地震平静103d,2008年1月13日以后平静区逐渐解体,至汶川地震前４级地震平静区缩小到巴颜喀拉地块,汶川地震就发生在巴颜喀拉地块的东边界带上,汶川地震前3 个多月,孕震空区内部出现NW走向的3级地震条带,与龙门山断裂带斜交． 相似文献
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中强地震平静图像已被许多研究者认为是强震前的一个典型异常指标。近期中国大陆西部2次8级地震前地震活动图像的研究认为,8级特大地震前不仅中强震出现大面积平静,而且中小地震也会出现大规模平静现象,形成地震空区。震前依据震级由大而小逐级形成配套出现的地震空区,可作为中国大陆西部8级特大地震的中短期预测与8级地震发生地区的判定的一项有实际意义的指标。 相似文献
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A seismic gap on the Anninghe fault in western Sichuan,China 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Through integrated analyses of time-varying patterns of regional seismicity, occurrence background of strong and large historical earthquakes along active faults, and temporal-spatial distribution of accu- rately relocated hypocenters of modern small earthquakes, this paper analyzes and discusses the im- plication of a 30-year-lasting seismic quiescence in the region along and surrounding the Anninghe and Zemuhe faults in western Sichuan, China. It suggests that the seismic quiescence for ML≥4.0 events has been lasting in the studied region since January, 1977, along with the formation and evaluation of a seismic gap of the second kind, the Anninghe seismic gap. The Anninghe seismic gap has the background of a seismic gap of the first kind along the Anninghe fault, and has resulted from evident fault-locking and strain-accumulating along the fault during the last 30 years. Now, two fault sections either without or with less small earthquakes exist along the Anninghe fault within the An- ninghe seismic gap. They indicate two linked and locked fault-sections, the northern Mianning section and the Mianning-Xichang section with lengths of 65 km and 75 km and elapsed time from the latest large earthquakes of 527 and 471 years, respectively. Along the Anninghe fault, characteristics of both the background of the first kind seismic gap and the seismicity patterns of the second seismic gap, as well as the hypocenter depth distribution of modern small earthquakes are comparable, respectively, to those appearing before the M=8.1 Hoh Xil earthquake of 2001 and to those emerging in the 20 years before the M=7.1 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of 1989, suggesting that the Anninghe seismic gap is tending to become mature, and hence its mid- to long-term potential of large earthquakes should be noticeable. The probable maximum magnitudes of the potential earthquakes are estimated to be as large as 7.4 for both the two locked sections of the Anninghe fault. 相似文献
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—The test that Kagan and Jackson (1991, 1995) applied to the seismic gap hypothesis did not bring us closer to understanding the generation of large earthquakes. On the contrary, it led some to the conclusion that the rebound theory of earthquake generation should be rejected. We disagree with this point of view and argue that a global test of the simplified gap hypothesis cannot be done because it cannot account for differences in the slip history of fault segments and tectonic differences between separate plate boundaries. Kagan and Jackson did show, however, that the original gap hypothesis was oversimplified and should be refined. We propose that consideration of all the facts, including slip history and seismicity patterns in the Andreanof Islands, show that the concept of seismic gaps and the elastic rebound theory are correct for that segment of the plate boundary. The coseismic slip in the M w 8.7 earthquake that broke this plate boundary segment in 1957 was only 2 m, as published before the repeat earthquake of 1986 (M w 8), and thus, using a plate convergence rate of 7.3 cm/year, the return time in this cycle was expected to be less than 30 years, unless substantial aseismic creep occurs. This supports the time predictable model of mainshock recurrence. In addition, Kisslinger et al. (1985) and Kisslinger (1986) noticed a seismic quiescence in the subsequent source volume before the 1986 earthquake and attempted to predict it. The specific parameters he estimated were not entirely correct although his interpretation of the observed quiescence as a precursor was. We conclude that the 1986, M w 8, Andreanof earthquake was not an example that disproves the seismic gap hypothesis. On the contrary, it shows that the hypothesis that plate motions reload plate boundaries after most of the elastic energy is released in great ruptures was correct in this case. This suggests that great earthquakes occur preferably in mature gaps. We believe the testing of the seismic gap hypothesis by algorithm on a global scale is an example that illustrates that overly simplified tests can lead to erroneous conclusions. To make progress in the actual understanding of the physics of the process of great earthquake ruptures, one must consider all the facts known for case histories. 相似文献
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Precursory seismic quiescence: Past,present, and future 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
R. E. Habermann 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,126(2-4):279-318
Precursory seismic quiescence has played a major role in most of the succesful earthquake predictions made to date. In addition to these successes, the number of detailed post-mainshock documentations of precursory quiescence is steadily growing. These facts suggest that precursory quiescence will play an important role in earthquake prediction programs of the future. For this reason it is important to critically evaluate the present state of knowledge concerning this phenomenon. The history of observations of precursory seismic quiescence includes work on seismic gaps and seismic preconditions as well as actual studies of temporal quiescence. These papers demonstrated the importance of quantitative evaluation of seismicity rates and the benefits of systematic analysis. During the early 1980's the impact of man-made effects on seismicity rates was demonstrated for the first time. Despite progress in catalog understanding, the identification and correction of man-made seismicity changes remains as the major barrier to earthquake prediction using these data. Effects of man-made changes are apparent in many past studies of seismicity patterns, making the results difficult to evaluate. Recent experience with real-time anomalies has demonstrated the necessity of determining the false alarm rates associated with quiescence precursors. Determination of false alarm rates depends on quantitative definitions of anomalies and statistical evaluations of their significance. A number of successful predictions, which have been made on the basis of seismic quiescence, provide important lessons for present and future work. There are many presently unanswered questions regarding seismic quiescence which must be answered before we can determine the reliability of this phenomena as a precursor. 相似文献
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华北块体中等地震活动平静特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
采用累计频度方法,对华北活动地块Ms≥5．5地震前中等地震聚集活动区的地震做了时空扫描,并对平静现象进行了定量分析,结果表明：对各Ⅱ级活动地块采用不同的扫描方法．在强震前都表现出明显的增强、平静过程,平静的时间长短与所给定的构造区域有关。本文给出了华北3个Ⅱ级活动地块的发震模式。对各活动地块分别进行了R值检验,表明3个活动地块采用不同的发震模式均具有较高的预报效能。 相似文献
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系统分析了新疆地震活动的平静现象,认为新疆中强震前地震活动以平静为主要特征．并通过统计提取了新疆中强震前地震平静的预报指标． 相似文献
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提出具有统计学意义的地震显著平静阈值估算方法,用于中国大陆及川滇、新疆和华北地区中强震活动分析,在不同区域得到不同起始震级的显著平静阈值范围。结果显示:(1)中国大陆7级、6级和5级地震显著平静的阈值范围分别为3.9—6.2年、7.9—9.6个月和62—70天;(2)川滇地区6级和5级地震显著平静的阈值范围分别为2.1—2.9年和7.0—8.5个月;(3)新疆地区6级和5级地震显著平静的阈值范围分别为2.6—4.0年和8.5—10.5个月;(4)华北地区6级和5级地震显著平静的阈值范围分别为11.7—23.4年和5.2—7.7年。 相似文献