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1.
晚新生代六盘山隆升过程初探 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
通过对六盘山地区山麓剥蚀面上的红层和陇东盆地的红黏土剖面古地磁测年及地貌地层学研究,发现红层或红黏土均形成于约8.1MaBP,指示了晚白垩世以来形成的夷平面在此时被断裂错开,发育终止,六盘山开始隆升:在约5.2MaBP时再次小规模隆升,堆积相应的细砾沉积,并随后剥蚀形成山麓剥蚀面:到约3.8MaBP,六盘山大规模加速隆起,河流急剧下切,河湖相沉积结束,典型风成红黏土沉积出现.六盘山的隆起过程可较好地与青藏高原及周边山地的隆起过程相对比,它应是青藏高原隆升的响应. 相似文献
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祁连山北缘老君庙背斜晚新生代磁性地层与高原北部隆升 总被引：36，自引：2，他引：36
河西走廊新生代沉积敏感地记录了青藏高原北部的构造隆升过程. 酒泉盆地玉门老君庙剖面高分辨率磁性地层研究表明, 疏勒河组胳塘沟段和牛胳套段的年龄分别为>13~8.3 Ma和8.3~<4.9 Ma, 玉门砾岩、酒泉砾石层和戈壁砾石层的年龄分别为3.66~0.93, 0.84~0.14和0.14~0 Ma. 岩性和岩相变化表明祁连山自约8 Ma起, 6.6 Ma略有加速, 由较低的高度开始逐步隆起, 盆地沉积从细粒的湖相砂岩-泥岩逐步转变成粗粒的洪积扇沉积, 至约3.66 Ma后, 祁连山开始急剧地整体快速隆升, 并经约<2.94~2.58, <1.8~1.23, 0.93~0.84和0.14 Ma多次阶段性快速隆升, 祁连山最终被抬升到今天的高度. 相似文献
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青藏高原北缘酒西盆地13 Ma以来沉积演化与构造隆升 总被引：27，自引：4，他引：27
13 MaBP以来从祁连山剥蚀的物质广泛沉积于酒西盆地南缘, 可划分出5个沉积相组合, 其沉积演化分为4个阶段. 酒西盆地的沉积与高原隆升响应关系揭示出高原自13 MaBP以来先后经历了: 稳定期(>8.26 Ma)、持续逐步较快速隆升期(8.26~<4.96 Ma)和急剧强烈阶段性隆升期(>3.66~0 Ma). 青藏高原的隆升是一个多阶段、不等速和非均变的复杂过程.
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临夏盆地毛沟剖面高分辨率粒度记录研究表明,29-7.4Ma间,临夏盆地的古气候一直保持相对稳定,而其中短暂的沉积相的改变是盆地对该期间青藏高原构造隆升事件的响应;从7.4Ma开始,流域外的风尘物质开始逐步被带人盆地,并经过了6.4Ma和5.3Ma的两次加速过程,揭示了我国西北内陆干旱气候可能从7.4Ma左右开始,且在6.4Ma和5.3Ma左右经过两次加强.通过与青藏高原构造隆升事件记录和全球气候记录对比。揭示高原在9-7Ma开始的逐步隆升和期后的阶段性加速隆升以及同期开始的全球变冷,尤其北极冰盖的形成和扩张可能是亚洲内陆干旱化的重要驱动机制. 相似文献
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贺兰山隆升时限及其演化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
贺兰山横亘于鄂尔多斯盆地西北缘,其隆升时限与盆地的构造属性和发展演化密切相关.对其隆起的时间前人有晚三叠世、晚侏罗世等多种认识.对贺兰山现存地层的分布和岩浆及热液活动等资料分析,认为晚三叠世-中侏罗世贺兰山并未隆升,其隆起时间应在中侏罗世之后.通过对与贺兰山相邻的银川地堑沉积地层及沉降速率的研究,指出贺兰山大规模隆升时间为始新世,在上新世以来发生了快速隆升.根据对不同时代样品磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹测试结果的分析,精细刻画了贺兰山的隆升-冷却过程,指出其隆升至少经历了晚侏罗世—早白垩世初、早白垩世中晚期、晚白垩世和始新世以来4个阶段.其中,晚白垩世和始新世以来的隆升最为明显.早白垩世中晚期为区域冷却过程.综合分析和总结各方面研究结果,认为贺兰山隆升的最早时间在晚侏罗世,此时隆升规模较为局限;晚白垩世的隆升与鄂尔多斯盆地整体的抬升相对应;始新世开始发生大规模的隆升,上新世隆升速率进一步加快. 相似文献
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青藏高原不同部位低温热年代学记录、沉积记录和构造变形记录揭示出存在60~35,25~17,12~8Ma（藏南17~12Ma）和大约5Ma以来4个主要强构造隆升剥露阶段.除了藏南地区在17~12Ma发生藏南拆离系的活动及其所控制的高喜马拉雅结晶基底岩系的快速抬升剥露这一特殊情况外,青藏高原不同地区主要强构造隆升剥露阶段具有准同时性.几个强隆升剥露阶段对应于几个强构造变形活动时期,反映隆升剥露主要受构造动力控制.新生代以砾岩为代表的粗碎屑物的分布、前陆盆地或走滑拉分盆地的分布及其沉积充填、角度不整合的发育和地层间断缺失,以及受断裂控制的盆山地貌变迁和高原扩展与青藏高原几个强构造抬升剥露阶段也具有良好的匹配关系.本文还讨论了青藏高原作为地表隆升的高原形成过程,揭示高原的形成是随时间演变不断扩展的过程. 相似文献
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黄河中游河流阶地的对比及阶地系列形成中构造作用的多层次性分析 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
黄河在流经青藏市原东北缘海原－同以弧形构造区的过程中,发育了多达10－21组的斯座和侵蚀型阶地,其最大拔河高度为40lm,最高阶地的发育年代为1．57MaBP。通过对该区米家山、车木峡和黑山峡河口3处黄河阶地以及我国北方大范围内河流阶地的对比分析发现,河流阶地系列形成中在构造作用上具有多层次性特征,即它包含了不同范围或规模和不同级次构造隆升作用所导致的阶地。研究区的黄河阶地系列可以划分为3个层次。其中,第一层次的阶地共有6级,为我国北方大范围内同期形成的阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来青藏高原阶段性隆升的次数,其隆升幅度由西向东逐渐减小;第二层次的阶地共有5级,为海原－天景山构造区内同期发育的阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来该构造区本身自隆升的次数和幅度;第三层次阶地为发育在米家山东坡的10级不同期阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来海原构造山地独自的抬升的次数和幅度。阶地发育时间与黄土－古土壤序列的对比还表明,反映青藏高原大范围构造隆升的第一层次阶地与气候变化之间有很好的可对比性,其形成年代均与相应古土壤发育时间的间冰期对应,暗示导致河流下切的在范围构造抬升与强干冷期后同样可导致河流下切的气候暖湿期紧密相关,它们共同组成了构造－气候旋回。第二层次和第三层次阶地的形成时间与气候变化之间无统一特定的关系,显示它们的形成更主要的受控于天景山块体和海原构造带的隆升作用。因此,研究区的河流阶地主要可分为2种成因类型。一种是在大范围构造抬升和气候变化联合作用下形成的构造－气候旋回阶地,此类阶地分布范围广,具有区域间的可对比性;另一种是以局部构造抬升为主导因素形成的脉动式构造旋回阶地,此类阶地的分布受 控于活动构造带,在构造区带内自成体系,不具有区域间的可对比性。 相似文献
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若尔盖地区晚白垩世以来阶段性隆升幅度不少于3400m,晚白垩世和晚中新世至今阶段的快速隆升过程对本区流体应力场产生了重要的影响.综合野外详细地质、裂缝系统空间分布和流体包裹体地球化学等特征研究表明,若尔盖地区浅部地层以发育高角度（或近垂直）裂缝为主,深部地层以发育低角度（或近平行）裂缝为主;流体早期具有热流体增温特征,中、晚期具有淡水流体混合特征,多期流体混染形成开放性流体动力环境,阶段性快速抬升过程与流体活动的多期性特征具有一定对应性.基于阶段性隆升过程诱发的岩石应力-应变行为特征,讨论了本区多期隆升运动背景下,阶段性隆升释压与流体幕式流动的时空耦合机制及油气地质效应. 相似文献
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GEOMORPHIC FEATURES OF THE SHULE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN IN QILIANSHAN AND ITS INSIGHT INTO TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS 
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下载免费PDF全文 SU Qi YUAN Dao-yang XIE Hong SHAO Yan-xiu LIANG Ming-jian. Lanzhou Institute of Seismology China Earthquake Administration Lanzhou China . Lanzhou National Observatory of Geophysic 《地震地质》2016,38(2):240-258
Because of the strong uplift of the Qilian Shan since late Cenozoic,the drainage basins that are derived from the mountains have undergone strong tectonic deformation.So the typical geomorphology characteristics of these drainage basins may indicate the strong tectonic movement in the region.For example,the Shule River drainage basin,which originates from the western part of the Qilian Shan owns unique geomorphology characteristics which may indicate the neotectonic movement.
Stream networks of the Shule drainage basin extracted from the DEM data based on GIS spatial analysis technology are graded into five levels using Strahler classification method.Four sub-catchments,numbered 1,2,3 and 4 are chosen for detailed analysis.Furthermore,the four sub-catchments,the hypsometric integral curves,Hack profiles,SL index and average slope of the Shule drainage basin are determined by GIS tools.In addition,we analyzed the slope spectrum of the Shule drainage basin.
The average elevation of the Shule drainage basin is very high,however,the slope of the drainage basin is very low,the gentle slope occupies so large area proportion that the slope spectrum shows a unimodal pattern and a peak value is in low slope region (0°~5°),so tectonic movement has a strong influence on the drainage basin.Under the intensive impact of the tectonic movement of the active fault and regional uplift,the hypsometric integral curve is sigmoid,revealing that the Shule drainage basin is in the mature stage.The Hack profile is on a convex,the longitudinal profile is best fitted by linear fitting and the abnormal data of the SL index of the Shule River has a good fit with the section through which the active fault traverses,that means the tectonic movement of the active fault has strong influence on the river's SL index.It is worth noting that lithologic factors also have great impact on the river geomorphology in some sections.
According to the above analysis,we recognize that in the interior of active orogen,the evolution of river geomorphology usually is influenced by tectonic movement and reveals the regional neotectonics in turn. 相似文献
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Lei SHAO Chuanlian LIU and Karl STATTEGGER Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai China E-mail: lshaok@online.sh.cn Institute of Geoscience University of Kiel Germany 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(4)
1 INTRODUCnONThe comPonents of terrigenous sedimenop rocks indicate not only provenance information, but alsotoctOnic evolution of basin. The chdrical composition of the soure rOCks is probaby the major conttDon the chendstry of sedimentny rocks although this can be greaily modified by subsequent Processes(Rollinson l993). Thus, through exndning Petrological and chendcal comPosihons of tenigenoussedlinmp rocks, the comPonentS of the provenance or somee rOCks - which are conunnly a fun… 相似文献
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Distribution characteristics and petroleum geological significance of the Silurian asphaltic sandstones in Tarim Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Tarim Basin is a typical superimposed basin in which there have occurred multiphase adjustment and destruction of the reservoirs. The widely distributed asphaltic sandstones of the Silurian are the very product after destruction of the reservoirs. Studies show that the Silurian asphaltic sandstones distributed in both the middle and western parts on the basin are controlled chiefly by the Caledonian oil source area and by the Tazhong, Tabei and Bachu uplifts, whereas the distribution of the asphaltic sandstones on local structural belts is controlled by the reservoir's sedimentary system. Vertically, most of the asphaltic sandstones are under the regional caprock of red mudstones and the upper sandstone section of compact lithology. Due to the difference of hydrocarbon destruction in the early stage and the influence of hydrocarbon recharge in the late stage, the asphaltic sandstones and oil-bearing sandstones in the Tazhong area can be vertically divided into the upper and lower sections and they have an interactive distribution relationship as well. Asphaltic sandstones exist not only in intergranular pores but also inside the grains of sand and between the crevices, proving the destruction of early reservoirs due to uplifting. The existence of asphaltic sandstones over a large area reveals that the large-scale migration and accumulation and the subsequent destruction of hydrocarbons in the Craton area. The destruction caused a loss of the reserve resources of the Palaeozoic amounting to nearly 13.3 billion tons. Asphaltic sandstones formed after the destruction of oil and gas may serve as an effective caprock which is beneficial to accumulation of hydrocarbons and formation of the pool sealed by asphaltic sandstones in the later stage. The destruction of the early Silurian hydrocarbons depends on the stratigraphic burial depth. The deep part under the northern slope of Tazhong is an area favorable to search of undestroyed Silurian oil reservoirs. 相似文献
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酒泉盆地群热演化史恢复及其对比研究 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
酒泉盆地群是由两期不同性质、不同世代盆地叠加而成的 .晚侏罗纪-早白垩世为拉张断陷盆地 ,第三纪以来为挤压坳陷盆地 .酒泉盆地群现今地温梯度及大地热流值都较低 ,地温梯度主要在 2 51- 3 0 0℃ /1 0 0m之间 ,大地热流值在 50- 57mW /m2 之间 .酒泉盆地群中生代晚期为拉张断陷 ,古地温梯度高 ,可达 3 75- 4 50℃ /1 0 0m ,新生代以来地温梯度逐渐降低 ,而花海盆地、酒西盆地石北凹陷沉降幅度小 ,古地温高于今地温 .下白垩统烃源岩热演化程度受古地温控制 .主生烃期仅有一次 ,为早白垩世晚期 .酒西盆地青西凹陷、酒东盆地营尔凹陷在新生代以来大幅度沉降 ,下白垩统烃源岩热演化程度受现今地温控制 .主生烃期有两次 ,一次为早白垩世晚期 ,另一次为晚第三纪以来 ,且以晚第三纪以来为主 .不同盆地及同一盆地不同构造单元由于构造热演化史的不同 ,主生烃期及油气勘探前景明显不同 . 相似文献
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太湖是太湖流域最大的调蓄水体,合理地推求太湖流域设计暴雨,对于太湖设计洪水位确定非常重要.针对近年来太湖流域变化环境造成的暴雨特性及产汇流机制的变异,采用水文水动力学模型模拟分析了现状条件下太湖流域设计暴雨控制时段及时空分布对太湖洪水位影响.结果表明,以30、60、90日为控制时段的设计雨量与太湖最高洪水位关联密切,控制时段低于30日的暴雨时程分配对太湖最高洪水位基本没有影响.当设计暴雨中心位于太湖上游区域时,模拟的太湖洪水位具有明显升高的趋势,表明太湖洪水位对上游暴雨更为敏感.分析了1999、2016、2020年暴雨为典型的设计暴雨场景,结果表明,暴雨时程分配对太湖洪水位影响显著,主雨峰位于暴雨后期的设计暴雨可以造成更高的太湖洪水位.从太湖防洪安全考虑,采用30、60、90日为控制时段,暴雨中心位于上游,且雨峰位于暴雨过程后期的设计暴雨推求太湖洪水位是合适的.建议将2016、2020年暴雨过程列入太湖设计暴雨计算的备选典型,并作进一步分析论证. 相似文献
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JIN Zhijun ZHANG Yiwei & CHEN Shuping . Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing China . Exploration Production Research Institute China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(11):1949-1959
Wave analysis of basins is not only important to the crustal undation theory but also significant to petro-leum exploration by providing information such as the unconformity formation, migration and interchanges between uplifts and depressions, the migrations of sedimentary facies, and basin evolutionary stages. Early in the last century, Haarmann (1930, cited in Jacobs[1] and Scheidegger[2]) and Bemmelen (1933, cited in Jacobs[1] and Scheidegger[2]) put forward the theory of crustal undatio… 相似文献
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Opening time and filling pattern of the Neoproterozoic Kangdian Rift Basin, western Yangtze Continent, South China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
JieWen Zhuo XinSheng Jiang Jian Wang XiaoZhuang Cui GuoQing Xiong JunZe Lu JianHui Liu MingZhu Ma 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2013,56(10):1664-1676
The Neoproterozoic Kangdian Rift Basin is a continental rift basin in the western Yangtze Continent. Determining its time of opening and subsequent filling pattern is an important aspect of understanding the formation and evolution of the Yangtze Continent, South China. The Luliang Formation is the early filling in the eastern part of this rift basin, and its deposition age and filling sequence are significant for studies of the regional stratigraphic correlation, opening time, and filling pattern of this basin. Having been correlated to the upper part of the Mesoproterozoic Kunyang Group or to the Neoproterozoic Chengjiang Formation, the age and regional stratigraphic correlation of the Luliang Formation have long been uncertain. This is due to a lack of reliable absolute age constraints. To address this issue, the first zircon SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology has been established for this formation, yielding two high-precision isotopic ages of 818.6±9.2 and 805±14 Ma for the tuff layers at the bottoms of the lower and upper members of the Luliang Formation, respectively. Given the error factor, the bottom age of the lower member of the Luliang Formation can be interpreted as ca. 820 Ma, corresponding to the bottom age of the lower part of the Banxi Group, which is the early filling of the Neoproterozoic Xianggui Rift Basin, a representative basin of the Neoproterozoic rift basins in the Yangtze Continent, South China. The bottom age of the upper member of the Luliang Formation can be interpreted as ca. 800±5 Ma, corresponding to the bottom age of the Chengjiang Formation in the western part of the Neoproterozoic Kangdian Rift Basin and also corresponding to the bottom age of the upper part of the Banxi Group in the Neoproterozoic Xianggui Rift Basin. These ages indicate that the Neoproterozoic Kangdian Rift Basin shares the same opening time and filling sequences as those of the other Neoproterozoic rift basins in South China. Basin analysis shows that the Neoproterozoic Kangdian Rift Basin is a typical half-graben basin, with its main boundary fault in the west and basin center in the east. This basin consisted of mini unidirectional half-graben basins in its juvenile stage and simplified to become a large united half-graben basin in its mature stage, i.e., a supradetachment basin. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地是一个典型大型叠合盆地,发育在太古代-早中元古代的结晶基底之上,具有稳定克拉通性质.现今地表热流为43mW·m-2,平均地温梯度为21℃·km-1,莫霍面温度为550℃,较低的热流背景值指示塔里木盆地经历了一个长期冷却加厚的过程.然而对于这样一个长期冷却过程,之前的研究都只停留在显生宙阶段,并未获得塔里木显生宙以前的热史.本文以塔里木地区已有的地热数据作为约束,依据地幔动力学模型设置底部边界条件,利用正演拟合的方法,反演出塔里木的背景热史,填补了该区域古生代以前热史研究的空白.结果表明,塔里木克拉通自形成以来背景热流不断降低(由85mW·m-2降至43mW·m-2),岩石圈持续加厚(由130km加厚到190km),在长时间尺度下,塔里木克拉通总体的热演化模式为长期冷却加厚,这与世界上其他典型克拉通的热演化规律类似.显生宙以来受到短期局部的构造-热事件影响,塔里木克拉通在长期冷却的趋势下叠加了约20～40mW·m-2的热扰动. 相似文献