共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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本文利用τ-p波场反演法直接对OBS原始数据进行转换,得到一维速度深度函数.该方法包含倾斜迭加和向下延拓两个线性转换:倾斜迭加将原始数据由时间-偏移距域(t-x)转换为时间截距-慢度域(τ-p);向下延拓将时间截距-慢度域(τ-p)波场转换为深度-慢度域(z-p)波场.然后根据五个OBS台站得到的一维速度深度函数,合成东沙群岛地壳的二维速度结构模型.为了检验该速度结构模型,我们用拾取走时和利用模型计算的理论走时进行拟合,得到了满意的结果,从而为下一步进行层析成像提供了可靠的初始速度结构模型. 相似文献
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本文利用τ\|p波场反演法直接对OBS原始数据进行转换,得到一维速度深度函数.该方法包含倾斜迭加和向下延拓两个线性转换:倾斜迭加将原始数据由时间\|偏移距域(t-x)转换为时间截距\|慢度域(τ\|p);向下延拓将时间截距\|慢度域(τ\|p)波场转换为深度\|慢度域(z\|p)波场. 然后根据五个OBS台站得到的一维速度深度函数,合成东沙群岛地壳的二维速度结构模型.为了检验该速度结构模型,我们用拾取走时和利用模型计算的理论走时进行拟合,得到了满意的结果,从而为下一步进行层析成像提供了可靠的初始速度结构模型. 相似文献
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理论和实验都证明:两点之间波场的空间关系,可以从一个发射点和一个接收点的格林函数中获得。最近人们发现,随机波场的归一化互频谱通过傅里叶变换和时间域内的格林函数相关。希尔伯特变换和微分必须要用于归一化的空间关系上,以分别获得二维或三维的格林函数。在这些推导过程中,关于频率和慢度的多重积分,出现在波场的归一化空间相关性估计中。迄今为止,波谱法被广泛应用于慢度积分之后的频率积分。然而,采用慢度方法转换积分顺序,通过我们的研究已经成功导出了与波谱法相同的结果。用慢度方法进行推导更具有优势,因为其中的稳定点在积分中起主要作用并可图解。 相似文献
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基岩地震动的一个相干函数模型--倾滑断层情形 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文研究了基岩随机地震动的空间变化规律，考虑了震源破裂速度、子源个数、震源深度和介质传播速度等因素的影响。对应于每个样本，用数值模拟方法计算了采用震源位错模型的弹性半空间近场地震动场，最后通过统计方法给出了一个倾滑断层情形下的近场基岩地震动的相干函数模型。这一方法可以补充常用的统计方法因观测资料有限而导致的欠缺。 相似文献
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是否能够正确地建立深度域三维速度模型是三维叠前深度偏移成败的关键 .本文根据Deregowski循环 ,利用叠前深度域地震成像对速度模型变化的敏感性 ,采用偏移迭代逐次逼近最佳成像速度 ,研究开发了一套快捷有效的三维叠前深度偏移深度域速度模型建立技术 .借鉴时间域CDP(共深度点 )道集上常规叠加速度分析的策略 ,在深度域CRP(共反射点 )道集上 ,提出剩余慢度平方谱的概念并建立相应的实现技术 .导出深度域中均方根速度与层速度之间的关系 ;按照串级偏移原理确定偏移循环过程中初始速度、剩余速度及修改后速度之间的关系 ;采用蒙特卡洛非线性优化算法实现从剩余慢度平方谱中自动拾取层速度 ,讨论了其地质速度约束条件和蒙特卡洛非线性优化的收敛准则 ,使得所拾取的层速度模型具有合理的地质意义并获得最佳偏移成像效果 .SEG EAGE理论模型数值试算验证了方法的有效性 ,在海拉尔盆地霍多莫尔工区 ,5 8km2 三维资料的速度模型建立并获得满意的三维叠前深度偏移成像 . 相似文献
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基于任意广角波动方程的频率-空间域深度偏移方法研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
孙歧峰 《CT理论与应用研究》2010,19(2):17-24
传统的单程波动方程偏移算法对大倾角成像困难,本文基于时空域任意广角单程声波方程,通过对时间变量进行傅立叶变换得到其频率-空间域形式,利用有限差分进行离散化,设计并实现了频率-空间域有限差分叠后偏移成像算法。模型试算表明,该方法能够通过参数优化使得低阶数算子适应较大倾角地层的偏移成像。 相似文献
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目前研究地震动空间变化的主要方法是利用密集台阵（如SMART1台阵等）的强震观测记录进行统计分析，由于地震动观测资料的不足，因而缺少基岩及不同场地类别地震动相干函数模型. 本文利用数值方法了模拟理论地震图，进而研究采用震源位错模型的基岩随机地震动的空间变化规律，并考虑震源破裂速度、子源个数、震源深度和介质传播速度等因素的影响. 其具体思路为:首先对应于每个样本，用有限差分数值模拟方法计算弹性半空间近场地震动场，而后对所有样本的计算结果进行统计，给出了一个走滑断层情形下的近场基岩表面及沿基岩竖直方向水平分量地震动的相干函数模型. 相似文献
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空间相关的多点地震动合成(Ⅱ)合成实例 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
本文应用已提出的自功率谱、相干函数、视速度模型生成了空间相关的多点地震动时程。采用分段合成、乘强度包络函数的方法近似地考虑了地震动强度和频率尬发的非平稳性、生成的地震动符合空间相关性、传播性、随机性和非平稳性,可用于长结构多点输入地震反应分析。 相似文献
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强横向变速和陡倾角介质的成像问题是地震偏移成像的难点.本文在频率-空间域利用有限差分高阶分裂法求解任意广角波动方程实现了地震偏移成像.试验表明,参考速度的选取是影响成像精度的关键因素.脉冲响应测试表明通过优化参数任意广角波动方程能够以较低阶的方程获得较大的偏移角度.Marmousi模型数据叠前深度偏移试验表明,该方法能... 相似文献
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油气勘探的重点正转向复杂地表条件和复杂地质条件的区域.双复杂条件下的叠前深度偏移方法是解决复杂地表条件和复杂地质构造成像的有效手段,基于"逐步累加"的"直接下延"法和"波场上延"法都是解决复杂地表成像的有效手段.波动方程的频率空间域有限差分深度偏移对介质速度横向变化有较强的适应性,适宜于复杂构造的偏移成像.然而,频率-空间域有限差分法求解时引入的误差影响了成像的质量,我们用了带误差补偿的频率-空间域有限差分偏移改善了起伏地表条件下的频空域有限差分偏移质量,对模型和实际资料进行了试算,得到了较好的成像效果.误差补偿可以在若干个外推步长上进行,通过对比分析,我们发现,相对于基于起伏地表的傅立叶有限差分法偏移来说,该方法在改善起伏地表条件下偏移成像质量的同时,也具有较高的运算效率. 相似文献
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波动方程宽角抛物逼近得到的通常是非常系数的单程波传播算子，其系数是速度横向变化的函数，因此需要利用有限差分(FD)进行数值实施. 通过对Lippmann Schwinger单程波动积分方程的退化核逼近,本文研究了一类宽角退化算子的偏移成像. 这种退化偏移算子只用快速Fourier变换进行波场延拓，将常规的Fourier分裂步地震偏移方法(SSF)推广适应强速度横向变化介质和大角度传播波场. 退化的Fourier偏移算子通过在两个分裂步项之间作波数域线性插值来实现波场延拓，每延拓一层需要比常规的SSF地震偏移方法多一次快速Fourier变换(FFT). 通过SEG/EAGE盐丘模型和实际地震资料的应用表明，退化Fourier偏移算子能很好地对盐下的陡倾角断层和实际地震剖面上的复杂小断块和大断裂地质构造成像. 相似文献
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Zhang Zhifu Meng Xiaohong Liu Hong Chen Jingbo Li YouMing 《应用地球物理》2006,3(4):218-225
An accurate and wide-angle one-way propagator for wavefield extrapolation is an important topic for research on wave-equation prestack depth migration in the presence of large and rapid velocity variations. Based on the optimal separable approximation presented in this paper, the mixed domain algorithm with forward and inverse Fourier transforms is used to construct the 3D one-way wavefield extrapolation operator. This operator separates variables in the wavenumber and spatial domains. The phase shift operation is implemented in the wavenumber domain while the time delay for lateral velocity variation is corrected in the spatial domain. The impulse responses of the one-way wave operator show that the numeric computation is consistent with the theoretical value for each velocity, revealing that the operator constructed with the optimal separable approximation can be applied to lateral velocity variations for the case of small steps. Imaging results of the SEG/EAGE model and field data indicate that the new method can be used to image complex structure. 相似文献
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The improvement in accuracy and efficiency of wave-equation migration techniques is an ongoing topic of research. The main problem is the correct imaging of steeply dipping reflectors in media with strong lateral velocity variations. We propose an improved migration method which is based on cascading phase-shift and finite-difference operators for downward continuation. Due to these cascaded operators we call this method‘Fourier finite-difference migration’(FFD migration). In our approach we try to generalize and improve the split-step Fourier migration method for strong lateral velocity variations using an additional finite-difference correction term. Like most of the current migration methods in use today, our method is based on the one-way wave equation. It is solved by first applying the square-root operator but using a constant velocity at each depth step which has to be the minimum velocity. In a second step, the approximate difference between the correct square-root operator and this constant-velocity squareroot operator (the error made in the first step) is implemented as an implicit FD migration scheme, part of which is the split-step Fourier correction term. Some practical aspects of the new FFD method are discussed. Its performance is compared with that of split-step and standard FD migration schemes. First applications to synthetic and real data sets are presented. They show that the superiority of FFD migration becomes evident by migrating steeply dipping reflectors with complex overburden having strong lateral velocity variations. If velocity is laterally constant, FFD migration has the accuracy of the phase-shift method. The maximum migration angle is velocity adaptive, in contrast to conventional FD migration schemes. It varies laterally depending on the local level of velocity variation. FFD migration is more efficient than higher-order implicit FD schemes. These schemes use two cascaded downward-continuation steps in order to attain comparable migration performance. 相似文献
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基于单程波深度延拓方法,发展了一种地震波入射角度计算方法.入射角度的计算仅利用简谐波场,可得到整个成像区域内所有点的入射波波前面方向.该方法具有较高的计算效率,可服务于合成角道集等深度偏移方法;与偏移算法相比,其计算量几乎可以忽略.与射线法或基于走时梯度的入射角度计算方法相比,本文方法更稳健,避免了速度场的微小变化导致的入射角较大变化,因此更适用于实际偏移速度模型,也与波动方程深度偏移方法更匹配.数值算例表明,本文方法既有较高的计算效率又有很好的精度,且有很好的稳定性. 相似文献
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Various migration methods have been proposed to image high-angle geological structures and media with strong lateral velocity variations; however, the problems of low precision and high computational cost remain unresolved. To describe the seismic wave propagation in media with lateral velocity variations and to image high-angle structures, we propose the generalized screen propagator based on particle swarm optimization (PSO-GSP), for the precise fitting of the single-square-root operator. We use the 2D SEG/EAGE salt model to test the proposed PSO-GSP migration method to image the faults beneath the salt dome and compare the results to those of the conventional high-order generalized screen propagator (GSP) migration and split-step Fourier (SSF) migration. Moreover, we use 2D marine data from the South China Sea to show that the PSO-GSP migration can better image strong reflectors than conventional imaging methods. 相似文献
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发展了波动方程深度延拓的频率相关变步长深度延拓方法和表驱动的单点波场插值技术.前者通过减少深度延拓的次数减少了波动方程深度偏移的计算量,而后者用很少的计算量实现了等间距、理想采样的深度成像.就同一偏移方法,采用频率相关变步长深度延拓加单点插值,其计算量大约是常规的等间距采样延拓方法的三分之一,但两者的成像效果基本相同.文中以最优分裂Fourier方法为例,用二维理论数据（Marmousi模型）和三维实际地震资料验证了这一方法,但这一方法可适用于各类频率域波动方程深度偏移方法. 相似文献
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Viscoacoustic prestack reverse time migration based on the optimal time-space domain high-order finite-difference method 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Prestack reverse time migration （RTM） is an accurate imaging method ofsubsurface media. The viscoacoustic prestack RTM is of practical significance because itconsiders the viscosity of the subsurface media. One of the steps of RTM is solving thewave equation and extrapolating the wave field forward and backward; therefore, solvingaccurately and efficiently the wave equation affects the imaging results and the efficiencyof RTM. In this study, we use the optimal time-space domain dispersion high-order finite-difference （FD） method to solve the viscoacoustic wave equation. Dispersion analysis andnumerical simulations show that the optimal time-space domain FD method is more accurateand suppresses the numerical dispersion. We use hybrid absorbing boundary conditions tohandle the boundary reflection. We also use source-normalized cross-correlation imagingconditions for migration and apply Laplace filtering to remove the low-frequency noise.Numerical modeling suggests that the viscoacoustic wave equation RTM has higher imagingresolution than the acoustic wave equation RTM when the viscosity of the subsurface isconsidered. In addition, for the wave field extrapolation, we use the adaptive variable-lengthFD operator to calculate the spatial derivatives and improve the computational efficiencywithout compromising the accuracy of the numerical solution. 相似文献
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Wave-equation migration velocity analysis. I. Theory 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We present a migration velocity analysis (MVA) method based on wavefield extrapolation. Similarly to conventional MVA, our method aims at iteratively improving the quality of the migrated image, as measured by the flatness of angle‐domain common‐image gathers (ADCIGs) over the aperture‐angle axis. However, instead of inverting the depth errors measured in ADCIGs using ray‐based tomography, we invert ‘image perturbations’ using a linearized wave‐equation operator. This operator relates perturbations of the migrated image to perturbations of the migration velocity. We use prestack Stolt residual migration to define the image perturbations that maximize the focusing and flatness of ADCIGs. Our linearized operator relates slowness perturbations to image perturbations, based on a truncation of the Born scattering series to the first‐order term. To avoid divergence of the inversion procedure when the velocity perturbations are too large for Born linearization of the wave equation, we do not invert directly the image perturbations obtained by residual migration, but a linearized version of the image perturbations. The linearized image perturbations are computed by a linearized prestack residual migration operator applied to the background image. We use numerical examples to illustrate how the backprojection of the linearized image perturbations, i.e. the gradient of our objective function, is well behaved, even in cases when backprojection of the original image perturbations would mislead the inversion and take it in the wrong direction. We demonstrate with simple synthetic examples that our method converges even when the initial velocity model is far from correct. In a companion paper, we illustrate the full potential of our method for estimating velocity anomalies under complex salt bodies. 相似文献