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1.
基于证据权方法的玉树地震滑坡危险性评价   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
许冲  徐锡伟  于贵华 《地震地质》2013,35(1):151-164
玉树地震诱发了2 036处滑坡。应用地理信息系统与遥感技术,选取与地表破裂距离、峰值加速度(PGA)、高程、坡度、坡向、曲率、坡位、与水系距离、岩性、与断裂距离、与公路距离、归一化植被指数(NDVI)等12个因素作为玉树地震滑坡危险性评价因子,采用加法与减法2种证据权方法,开展玉树地震滑坡危险性评价研究工作。结果表明:基于加法证据权方法得到评价结果的正确率为80.32%,基于减法证据权方法得到结果的正确率为80.19%。将滑坡危险性评价结果图分为极高危险区、高危险区、中危险区、低危险区与极低危险区5类。这一成果可划分出滑坡危险区,为灾后滑坡防治、基础设施重建与自然环境保护提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
地震滑坡是大陆内部山区一种最为常见的地震次生灾害类型。本论文基于Arc GIS平台开发了地震滑坡危险性快速评估模块,实现震后1 h内地震滑坡危险性的评估,为震后应急求援提供一定的决策依据。本论文选取地震烈度、坡度、坡向、高程、水系距和断裂距6个参数作为地震滑坡影响因子,通过对历史地震滑坡数据进行统计分析,确定影响因子的分级量化标准,在GIS平台对影响因子数据进行一系列的数据处理,完成影响因子的量化赋值。采用层次分析法,确立各个影响因子的权重,并建立地震滑坡危险性评估数学模型。在此基础上,基于Arc GIS平台开发了地震滑坡危险性快速评估模块,可在震后1 h内获得评价区的地震滑坡危险性分布的公里网格数据。最后,以2013年四川省芦山县7.0级地震对评估模型进行了验证。结果表明,评估结果与实际滑坡点的分布基本符合,基于GIS的地震滑坡易发性快速评估模型是可靠的。  相似文献   

3.
基于逻辑回归模型的九寨沟地震滑坡危险性评估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
发生于2017年8月8日的四川九寨沟M_S7. 0地震触发了大量的同震滑坡。基于Geoeye-1震后0. 5m分辨率的遥感影像开展极震区同震滑坡解译,圈定了4 834处滑坡。选择高程、坡度、坡向、水平断层距离、垂直断层距离、震中距离、河流距离、道路距离、TPI指数以及岩性共10个因子作为地震滑坡的影响因子,应用逻辑回归(Logistic Regression,LR)模型开展九寨沟地震滑坡危险性评价,并对评价结果的合理性进行检验。结果表明,基于LR模型的滑坡危险性评价图与实际滑坡发育情况十分吻合,其中五花海—夏莫段、火花海和九寨天堂洲际大饭店—如意坝段均为滑坡危险性极高的区域。采用ROC曲线对危险性评价结果进行模型成功率与预测率的定量评价,结果显示,LR模型的预测精度较为理想,训练样本集和验证样本集的AUC值分别为0. 91和0. 89。文中结论为震区恢复重建工作中地震滑坡的防灾减灾提供了科学参考。  相似文献   

4.
王晨晖  刘立申  任佳  袁颖  王利兵  陈凯男 《地震》2020,40(3):142-152
为有效解决地震伤亡人数预测所需影响因子多、 运算量大、 模型训练烦琐等问题, 构建了主成分分析法(PCA)和遗传算法(GA)优化的支持向量机(SVM)模型, 采用PCA对地震伤亡人数影响因子进行降维以去除贡献率较低的主成分, 将贡献率较大的主成分作为支持向量机的输入变量, 以地震伤亡人数作为输出变量, 利用GA对SVM模型性能参数进行优化, 建立基于PCA-GA-SVM的地震伤亡人数预测模型, 并对测试样本进行预测, 结果表明: 与SVM模型、 GA-SVM模型和PCA-GA-BP模型相比, PCA-GA-SVM模型的预测准确率和运行效率分别提高 4.73%、 1.14%、 9.99% 和47.05%、 36.76%、 44.55%。结果显示, PCA-GA-SVM模型预测精度高, 泛化能力强, 能够科学合理地对地震伤亡人数作出预测。  相似文献   

5.
震后快速准确获取同震崩塌滑坡的分布范围和评估可能的灾害损失对地震灾害应急救援和安置规划至关重要,2022年MW5.8芦山地震为开展不同评价模型在区域地震崩塌滑坡的快速评估研究提供了宝贵窗口。文中选用基于机器学习方法建立的新一代中国地震滑坡危险性模型(下文称Xu2019模型)和简易Newmark模型进行了2022年MW5.8芦山地震崩塌滑坡快速应急评估研究,基于本次事件的地震滑坡数据库(包括2 352处崩塌滑坡,面积为5.51km2),探讨2种模型的准确性和适用性。结果表明,基于Xu2019模型计算得到的崩塌滑坡面积为5.07km2,与实际崩塌滑坡面积十分吻合,而基于Newmark模型计算预测的崩塌滑坡面积达21.3km2。从评估结果的空间分布上来看,2种模型预测的高危险区域基本一致,高危险区域基本位于发震断层的上盘。但Xu2019模型对于西北区域(崩塌滑坡集中发育区)的危险性预测明显偏低,而Newmark模型对西...  相似文献   

6.
选取道路距离、地貌类型、坡度、断裂、水系距离、岩土类型等6个因子作为研究区地震诱发滑坡的影响要素,综合分析了地震滑坡分布状况与相关影响因子之间的统计关系。通过GIS空间分析模型计算地震滑坡灾害敏感性指数,并将地震滑坡危险性评估结果按照危险程度划分为极高、高度、中度及轻度4个等级,通过评估地震诱发滑坡的危险性可以有效地减少人员伤亡和经济损失,减轻地震地质灾害对社会和经济的影响,同时也为对地震滑坡诱发机理的分析研究及震后应急救援分析提供科学参考依据。  相似文献   

7.
GIS支持下的地震诱发滑坡危险区预测研究   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
唐川  朱静  张翔瑞 《地震研究》2001,24(1):73-81
为了满足对地震诱发滑坡危险区预测的不断增长的迫切要求,灾害评价成为帮助决策过程重要的基础工具之一。即使地震滑坡危险性各组份的评价很困难,但地理信息可辅助提出这种灾害制图的有关方法。描述了用于地理信息系统识别和定量计算不同地震滑坡危险区的技术方法,确定了地震烈度、地形坡度、岩土体类型和现存滑坡密度共4个因子参与的地震诱发滑坡危险性分析。在ARC/INFO DRID支持下,进行叠合分析,由此编制了云南省地震诱发滑坡危险区预测图。由地貌学家提出的地震诱发滑坡预测为规划和工程师提供了对区域规划和建筑工程有价值的技术方法。  相似文献   

8.
滑坡是一种破坏性非常强的地质灾害,其中地震与降雨均为诱导滑坡发生的关键因素。从降雨期间发生地震的角度考虑,基于Green-Ampt降雨入渗模型对Newmark模型进行改进,推导两因素耦合作用下的边坡安全系数FS。以云南省鲁甸县某一区域为例,分别开展无降雨、降雨无积水与降雨积水三种情况下的地震滑坡危险性预测及坡度与入渗深度因子对位移影响分析。通过比较上述三种情况,得到研究区域内的Newmark累积位移分布及危险性区划。结果表明:与未降雨情况相比,后两种情况下地震滑坡高危险程度区域面积占比计算区域随着降雨时间的增加从1%分别提高至9%、12%,滑坡低危险程度区域面积从51%分别降低至35%、33%;坡度值与入渗深度值越大,滑坡位移越大,危险性越高。Newmark改进模型充分考虑了降雨对地震滑坡产生的促进作用,能更好地反映出研究区每个场点相对的滑坡危险性,对滑坡危险性预测具有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

9.
利用地震矩解目录外推估算了全球长期地震概率。该预测基于地震矩张量解,预测结果用一幅表示预测的地震发生率密度和震源机制方位图来表示。震源机制首先用于平滑地震活动图以获得望的危险性图,然后用于预测未来地震的机制。使用了几种类型的平滑影响函数核。在空间域,使用1/距离影响函数核来计算任一震周围的地震活动性分布。该影响函数核使用两个可调参数;即最大距离和方向性因子(任一震中周围考虑了一次地震震源机制的地震  相似文献   

10.
Newmark方法在芦山地震诱发滑坡分布预测研究中的应用   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
对于地震滑坡灾害而言,进行地震滑坡危险区划是降低损失的有效手段之一.因此,地震滑坡危险性预测方法的研究成为这一领域的热点.2013年4月20日芦山地震诱发了大量的滑坡崩塌,造成了严重的人员伤亡和社会经济财产损失.文中通过对地震灾区震后航片、遥感影像等的解译,初步获得此次地震诱发滑坡的分布概况.在芦山地震灾区的地形和岩性分析的基础上,基于Newmark物理平衡模型,对该区的潜在地震滑坡危险区进行了分析预测,通过对比本研究获得的潜在滑坡区域预测结果与解译的滑坡分布情况,表明Newmark模型是一种有效的地震诱发滑坡预测分析方法.进一步探讨了不同滑坡影响范围估算方法的差异,认为震级与产生滑坡最远距离之间的关系是一种较好的估算方法.  相似文献   

11.
The MS7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake in Sichuan Province of 8 August 2017 triggered a large number of landslides. A comprehensive and objective panorama of these landslides is of great significance for understanding the mechanism, intensity, spatial pattern and law of these coseismic landslides, recovery and reconstruction of earthquake affected area, as well as prevention and mitigation of landslide hazard. The main aim of this paper is to present the use of remote sensing images, GIS technology and Logistic Regression(LR)model for earthquake triggered landslide hazard mapping related to the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. On the basis of a scene post-earthquake Geoeye-1 satellite image(0.5m resolution), we delineated 4834 co-seismic landslides with an area of 9.63km2. The ten factors were selected as the influencing factors for earthquake triggered landslide hazard mapping of Jiuzhaigou earthquake, including elevation, slope angle, aspect, horizontal distance to fault, vertical distance to fault, distance to epicenter, distance to roads, distance to rivers, TPI index, and lithology. Both landsliding and non-landsliding samples were needed for LR model. Centroids of the 4834 initial landslide polygons were extracted for landslide samples and the 4832 non-landslide points were randomly selected from the landslide-free area. All samples(4834 landslide sites and 4832 non-landslide sites)were randomly divided into the training set(6767 samples)and validation set(2899 samples). The logistic regression model was used to carry out the landslide hazard assessment of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake and the results show that the landslide hazard assessment map based on LR model is very consistent with the actual landslide distribution. The areas of Wuhuahai-Xiamo, Huohuahai and Inter Continental Hotel of Jiuzhai-Ruyiba are high hazard areas. In order to quantitatively evaluate the prediction results, the trained model calculated with the training set was evaluated by training set and validation set as the input of the model to get the output results of the two sets. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of the model. The ROC curve for LR model was drawn and the AUC values were calculated. The evaluation result shows good prediction accuracy. The AUC values for the training and validation data set are 0.91 and 0.89, respectively. On the whole, more than 78.5% of the landslides in the study area are concentrated in the high and extremely high hazard zones. Landslide point density and landslide area density increase very rapidly as the level of hazard increases. This paper provides a scientific reference for earthquake landslides, disaster prevention and mitigation in the earthquake area.  相似文献   

12.
玉树地震滑坡分布调查及其特征与形成机制   总被引:14,自引:4,他引:10  
2010年4月14日青海省玉树县发生了MS7.1地震.文中基于现场考察与遥感影像目视解译的方法,对玉树地震滑坡进行分析,并制作了玉树地震滑坡空间分布图.结果表明,该地震触发了约2 036处滑坡灾害,总面积约1.194km2;地震滑坡分布受主地表破裂控制作用强烈;滑坡类型多样,但以崩塌型滑坡为主;滑坡有5种成因机制:人工开挖坡脚型、地表水入渗致坡体震动滑动型、断裂错断震动型、震动型、后期冰雪融化或降雨入渗型;除地震主地表破裂外,还有许多坡体裂缝,主要分布在主地表破裂带SE端的SW盘,该部位在地震中受到了强烈的挤压作用.  相似文献   

13.
许冲  徐锡伟 《地震地质》2014,36(1):90-104
自2008年5月12日汶川MW7.9地震发生以来,针对地震滑坡与光学遥感影像的特点,制定了地震滑坡编录新原则、遥感影像选取新原则及地震滑坡属性库建立原则。文中介绍了21世纪初4次大地震事件触发滑坡基础数据建设成果:包括2008年5月12日汶川MW7.9地震,此次地震触发了至少197 481处滑坡;2010年4月14日玉树MW6.9地震至少触发2 036处滑坡;2010年1月12日海地MW7.0地震至少触发30 828处滑坡;2007年4月21日智利艾森峡湾MW6.2地震至少触发1 000处滑坡。分析了地震触发滑坡基础数据建设成果与以往研究的不同。最后从地震滑坡基础数据建设成果对地震滑坡分布规律与危险性评价的影响,对震区滑坡与泥石流防灾减灾的意义,对地震震级、活动断层运动习性、地震烈度等的反馈,对震区河流与地貌演化研究的基础意义,对全球地震震级与触发滑坡关系研究的意义等几个方面,分析了地震滑坡基础数据建设的实际应用价值与科学研究意义。  相似文献   

14.
The 1927 Gulang M8.0 earthquake has triggered a huge number of landslides, resulting in massive loss of people''s life and property. However, integrated investigations and results regarding the landslides triggered by this earthquake are rare; such situation hinders the deep understanding of these landslides such as scale, extent, and distribution. With the support of Google Earth software, this study intends to finish the seismic landslides interpretation work in the areas of Gulang earthquake (VIII-XI degree) using the artificial visual interpretation method, and further analyze the spatial distribution and impact factors of these landslides. The results show that the earthquake has triggered at least 936 landslides in the VIII-XI degree zone, with a total landslide area of 58.6 km2. The dense area of seismic landslides is located in the middle and southern parts of the X intensity circle. Statistical analysis shows that seismic landslides is mainly controlled by factors such as elevation, slope gradient, slope direction, strata, seismic intensity, faults and rivers. The elevation of 2 000-2 800 m is the high-incidence interval of the landslide. The landslide density is larger with a higher slope gradient. East and west directions are the dominant sliding directions. The areas with Cretaceous and Quaternary strata are the main areas of the Gulang seismic landslides. The X intensity zone triggered the most landslides. In addition, landslides often occur in regions near rivers and faults. This paper provides a scientific reference for exploring the development regularities of landslides triggered by the 1927 Gulang earthquake and effectively mitigating the landslide disasters of the earthquake.  相似文献   

15.
In this study, a detailed database of landslides triggered by the 25 April 2015 Gorkha (Nepal)MW7.8 earthquake is constructed based on visual interpretation of pre- and post-earthquake high-resolution satellite images and field reconnaissance. Results show the earthquake triggered at least 47 200 landslides, which have a NWW direction spatial distribution, similar with the location and strike of the seismogenic fault. The landslides are of a total area about 110km2 and an oval distribution area about 35 700km2. On the basis of a scale relationship between landslide area (A)and volume (V), V=1.314 7×A1.208 5, the total volume of the coseismic landslides is estimated to be about 9.64×108m3. In the oval landslide distribution area, the landslide number density, area density, and volume density were calculated and the results are 1.32km-2, 0.31%, and 0.027m, respectively. This study provides a detailed and objective inventory of landslides triggered by the Gorkha earthquake, which provides very important and essential basic data for study of mechanics of coseismic landslides, spatial pattern, distribution law, and hazard assessment. In addition, the landslide database related to an individual earthquake also provides an important earthquake case in a subduction zone for studying landslides related to multiple earthquakes from a global perspective.  相似文献   

16.
Landslides threaten lives and property throughout the United States, causing in excess of $2 billion in damages and 25–50 deaths annually. In regions subjected to urban expansion caused by population growth and/or increased storm intensities caused by changing climate patterns, the economic and society costs of landslides will continue to rise. Using a geographic information system (GIS), this paper develops and implements a multivariate statistical approach for mapping landslide susceptibility. The presented susceptibility maps are intended to help in the design of hazard mitigation and land development policies at regional scales. The paper presents (a) a GIS‐based multivariate statistical approach for mapping landslide susceptibility, (b) several dimensionless landslide susceptibility indexes developed to quantify and weight the influence of individual categories for given potential risk factors on landslides and (c) a case study in southern California, which uses 11 111 seismic landslide scars collected from previous efforts and 5389 landslide scars newly digitized from local geologic maps. In the case study, seven potential risk factors were selected to map landslide susceptibility. Ground slope and event precipitation were the most important factors, followed by land cover, surface curvature, proximity to fault, elevation and proximity to coastline. The developed landslide susceptibility maps show that areas classified as having high or very high susceptibilities contained 71% of the digitized landslide scars and 90% of the seismic landslide scars while only occupying 26% of the total study area. These areas mostly have ground slopes higher than 46% and 2‐year, 6‐hour precipitation greater than 51 mm. Only 12% of digitized landslides and less than 1% of recorded seismic landslides were located in areas classified as low or very low susceptibility, while occupying 42% of the total study region. These areas mostly have slopes less than 27% and 2‐year, 6‐hour precipitation less than 41 mm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

17.
潜在地震滑坡危险区区划方法   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
不同地区地震活动的强度和频率是不同的.基于地震危险性分析的地震滑坡危险研究在综合了地震烈度、位置、复发时间等因素的基础上,考虑了地震动峰值加速度时空分布的特点,可以有效地应用于潜在地震滑坡危险区区划.以汶川地震灾区为研究对象,根据研究区的地质构造、地震活动特点等划分出灾区的潜在震源区,对该区进行地震危险性分析,并在此基础上采用综合指标法做出基于地震危险性分析的地震滑坡危险性区划.所得地震滑坡危险性区划按照滑坡危险程度分为高危险、较高危险、较低危险和低危险四级,表示未来一段时间内研究区在遭受一定超越概率水平的地震动作用下,不同地区地震滑坡发生的可能程度. 本文给出的地震滑坡危险性区划结果中,汶川地震滑坡崩塌较发育的汶川、北川、茂县等部分区域均处于高危险或较高危险区域;在对具有较高DEM精度的北川擂鼓镇地区所作的地震滑坡危险性区划中,汶川地震中实际发生的地震滑坡灾害与地震滑坡危险区划结果表现出较好的一致性.对区域范围而言,基于地震危险性分析的地震滑坡区划,可为初期阶段的土地规划使用及重大工程选址提供参考.  相似文献   

18.
An MW6.6 earthquake occurred in eastern Hokkaido, Japan on September 6th, 2018. Based on the pre-earthquake image from Google Earth and the post-earthquake image from high resolution (3 m) planet satellite, we manually interpret 9 293 coseismic landslides and select 7 influencing factors of seismic landslide, such as elevation, slope, slope direction, road distance, flow distance, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and lithology. Then, 9 293 landslide points are randomly divided into training samples and validation samples with a proportion of 7:3. In detail, the training sample has 6 505 landslide points and the validation sample has 2 788 landslide points. The hazard risk assessment of seismic landslide is conducted by using the information value method and the study area is further divided into five risk grades, including very low risk area, low risk area, moderate risk area high risk area and very high risk area. The results show that there are 7 576 landslides in high risk area and very high risk area, accounting for 81.52% of the total landslide number, and the landslide area is 22.93 km2, accounting for 74.35% of the total area. The hazard zoning is in high accordance with the actual situation. The evaluation results are tested by using the curve of cumulative percentage of hazardous area and cumulative percentage of landslides number. The results show that the success rate of the information value method is 78.50% and the prediction rate is 78.43%. The evaluation results are satisfactory, indicating that the hazard risk assessment results based on information value method may provide scientific reference for landslide hazard risk assessment as well as the disaster prevention and mitigation in the study area.  相似文献   

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