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针对塔里木盆地库车坳陷北部侏罗系烃源岩受泥浆污染、分析数据少、样品分布不连续及类型多样等问题突出,利用测井资料来对有机地球化学参数进行评价难度大,无法满足勘探需求.本文阐述了不同类型烃源岩的有机质级别、测井响应特征、有机地球化学参数定量计算及品质评价等多种方法,来研究富集区烃源岩对致密气储层的持续供气能力.文中介绍了煤层、碳质泥岩、暗色泥岩等3种类型烃源岩的有机质级别和测井响应特征.首先,提出分不同岩性烃源岩的ΔlogR法,其计算结果与铀曲线相关法、多元回归法对比,效果最好;再次建立了生烃潜率、氯仿沥青“A”及镜质体发射率等多个有机质地球化学参数的测井评价模型;最终,考虑能够反映烃源岩性质的参数来综合定义烃源岩品质指数,形成了完善的烃源岩测井综合评价方法研究技术.研究表明,利用这套地球物理技术提供了烃源岩定量评价和品质分类研究方法及实际应用案例. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(6)
致密油勘探初期存在烃源岩取心少、实测样品分布不连续等问题;利用测井资料可定量评价烃源岩.烃源岩富含有机质,在测井曲线上常以高伽马、低密度、高声波时差、高电阻率、高中子孔隙度等特征呈现.论文系统介绍了ΔLogR法和多元回归法两种基于测井资料的烃源岩定量评价方法,并建立了相应的预测模型.通过建立的模型对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组长7段烃源岩有机碳含量进行预测,并对计算出的TOC数据(TOC_(计算))与实测TOC数据(TOC_(实测))进行了对比和分析.研究结果表明,研究区ΔLogR法与多元回归法中的双参数模型为较好的预测方法,且ΔLogR法预测结果明显优于多元回归法,优选ΔLogR法为最佳评价方法;并对出现这种情况的原因进行了分析. 相似文献
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烃源岩的定量地震刻画对于勘探开发区块的优选、盆地油气资源量的估算都具有重要意义.陆相沉积环境下的浅湖或半深湖相的烃源岩横向变化快,其空间展布需要依靠钻井约束下的反射地震进行刻画,但是其地震弹性特征与岩性和有机质含量的映射关系呈现高度非线性化,因而很难利用传统基于地震岩石物理模型驱动的烃源岩地震预测方法进行有效刻画.本文以低勘探区的东海盆地长江坳陷为例,提出了一种在数据驱动的机器学习框架下,综合利用地质约束、钻井录井、测井、地球化学和叠前地震数据进行烃源岩的定量地震刻画的工作流程.其核心思想是利用随机森林集成学习算法对小样本数据表现优异的特征,以井位处的测井弹性数据(纵波速度和密度)、岩性、地球化学标定的总有机碳含量(TOC)为样本标签数据,在地质导向约束下通过随机森林算法生成学习网络,并将该网络与叠前地震反演结果相结合,采取先预测泥岩再预测总有机碳含量的“两步走”策略,完成对烃源岩空间分布及其非均质性的定量地震刻画,并对预测结果的不确定性进行评价.测试结果显示,随机森林算法相较于其他的机器学习算法能够更准确的识别陆相沉积地层的泥岩,并比传统的利用阻抗转化方法获得更可靠的总有机碳含量预测结果. 相似文献
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由于钻井取心成本以及样品来源等原因的限制,利用测井资料来预测烃源岩中的有机碳含量(TOC)成为一种常用手段.本文剖析了前人提出的关于烃源岩TOC测井预测方法,包括自然伽马法、ΔLogR法及多元回归法,结合居延海坳陷的地质特征以及有关测井参数,对不同方法的预测结果进行误差对比分析,优选认为多元回归法能够较好的应用于研究区烃源岩TOC含量预测,并提出了适用于本研究区的以ΔLogR、深侧向电阻率和自然伽马为基本参数的多元回归预测模型.将该模型应用到研究区额探1井和额探2井的烃源岩TOC含量预测,在白垩系和二叠系识别出了多段厚度大于10 m的优质烃源岩,平均TOC含量都大于1.5%.由此表明优选出的预测模型对于居延海坳陷烃源岩TOC含量的预测具备重要意义,具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
源储配置关系是致密油评价的核心组成部分.以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段的岩心、测井资料为基础,经岩—电关系分析,优选深感应电阻率(RILD)与声波时差(AC)测井参数曲线重叠图法来识别烃源岩,并结合地球化学参数进行烃源岩品质评价;同时,开展砂体结构特征研究,并在单井、连井剖面中综合分析烃源岩品质、砂体结构特征、源储配置关系及含油性.研究表明:1)延长组长7段烃源岩发育段在深感应电阻率(RILD)与声波时差(AC)测井曲线重叠图上存在明显幅度差,累计厚度一般5~70 m,分布面积达10×104km;岩心分析及测井模型计算TOC值一般2%~20%,平均11.6%,TOC在平面上分布具较强非均质性;基于测试分析数据和实际生产需求,把鄂尔多斯盆地长7段泥页岩分为4类,优质烃源岩:TOC10%,中等烃源岩:6%TOC10%,差烃源岩:2%TOC6%,非烃源岩:TOC2%.2)影响鄂尔多斯盆地长7致密油富集程度的关键因素是烃源岩有机碳含量,其次是砂体结构,以及砂体与烃源岩之间的距离.一般在优质和中等烃源岩发育区,紧邻烃源岩的块状砂体的每米日产油指数(PI)一般大于2.0 t/m·d,远离优质或中等烃源岩的块状砂体PI一般为1.5t/m·d;不论层状砂体与烃源岩的距离远近,PI一般均为1.0t/m·d.差烃源岩发育区,紧邻或远离烃源岩发育区的块状砂体、层状砂体一般均为差油层或干层. 相似文献
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高演化海相碳酸盐烃源岩地球化学综合判识--以鄂尔多斯盆地为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
针对中国海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩的成熟度高、有机质丰度低等特殊性,以鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界为例, 通过微量元素富集系数计算、稀土元素的配分模式、元素和碳同位素等的数理统计分析及三维图解等多元综合分析, 结合必要的有机参数, 反演了盆地烃源岩发育环境, 评价碳酸盐岩烃源岩及其分布. 就鄂尔多斯盆地而言, TOC为0.2%是个重要的界限值, 研究表明: 在TOC>0.2%的层段中, Ba富集,δ13Ccarb正偏移, δ13Corg<-28‰, 反映出古生产力、有机质埋藏量较高, 具较好生烃潜力, 稀土元素分异强, 指示沉降速率低, 有机质保存条件好, 利于烃源岩发育.克里摩里组、乌拉力克组具一定规模, 可视为潜在有效烃源岩. 而TOC＜0.2%的层段, Ba含量低, δ13Ccarb多为负值,δ13Corg为-24‰～-28‰,指示有机质埋藏量低,生烃潜力差,稀土元素分异弱,沉降速率较快,多属浅水高能氧化环境,不利于烃源岩发育.利用无机与有机地球化学方法综合评价高演化海相有潜力的碳酸盐岩烃源岩及分布是可行的. 相似文献
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多属性预测在涠西南凹陷烃源岩研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
寻找隐蔽油气藏是目前涠西南凹陷勘探的新领域,优质烃源岩描述是其中一个重要研究课题.涠西南凹陷流沙港组沉积时期为一断陷湖盆,流沙港组二段沉积阶段是湖盆发育的鼎盛时期,中深湖相泥岩或页岩发育,形成了一套良好的区域性烃源岩.油页岩是涠西南凹陷最重要的烃源岩.除油页岩外,流二段还沉积了厚套的中深湖相暗色泥岩,具备非常好的生烃能力.识别和弄清这些暗色泥岩在凹陷中的分布对定量评价涠西南凹陷的生烃潜力具有重要意义.本文尝试将地震多属性预测技术应用于优势烃源岩的研究.首先通过声波时差和电阻率曲线进行多元线性回归,拟合能够体现优势烃源岩特征的有机化学参数总有机碳TOC曲线,利用层位约束消除油页岩对属性优化的干扰作用,最后通过逐步回归的步聪法算法对多地震属性进行优化,找到最佳属性组合,实现TOC数据体的预测,揭示了流二段优质烃源岩的空间展布特征. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2020,(4)
烃源岩总有机碳含量(TOC)的预测是烃源岩有机质丰度评价的重要一环.为解决传统ΔlogR方法应用于陆相深层烃源岩误差较大的问题.本文以ΔlogR法为基础,提出了一种考虑密度因素的广义ΔlogR法预测TOC.传统ΔlogR方法是一种基于测井曲线(声波、电阻率等)和成熟度参数(LOM)的预测TOC的方法,可以获得纵向上连续的有机碳分布,并且在国内外多个地区取得了较好的效果.但是研究表明,由于陆相深层烃源岩受到压实作用等影响,传统ΔlogR方法预测的结果不理想.干酪根有机质的密度远低于烃源岩基质密度,将考虑密度因素的广义ΔlogR法预测TOC的方法应用于渤中凹陷西南部东营组和沙河街组烃源岩,对其TOC进行分段预测,并与传统ΔlogR法、敏感测井多元回归方法预测结果进行对比,结果表明,研究区使用该方法的效果要优于其他两种方法.该方法拓展了传统ΔlogR法的适用范围,为烃源岩TOC的预测提供了新的思路和方法. 相似文献
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四川盆地的构造、热演化与峨眉山超级地幔柱有密切关系.峨眉山超级地幔柱对四川盆地中二叠统之下的烃源岩热演化有着十分重要的影响.在四川盆地热历史恢复的基础上,研究了峨眉山超级地幔柱对盆地内烃源岩,特别是中二叠统之下的古生界烃源岩热演化的影响.结果表明,中二叠统及下伏烃源岩的热演化受中晚二叠世发生在盆地西南方向的峨眉山超级地幔柱的影响巨大,且具地区差异性.即在靠近峨眉山地幔柱中心的地区,有机质迅速成熟并达到其成熟度的最高值(以H1井为代表),古生界烃源岩迅速进入过成熟,此后未有二次生烃;而远离峨眉山地幔柱的盆地大部分地区,古生界烃源岩在二叠纪以来具有多次生烃过程.中生界烃源岩热演化,主要和前陆盆地阶段的构造过程包括前陆沉积和断裂的逆冲推覆等相关. 在烃源岩有机质成熟度演化史的基础上,从盆地热史和烃源岩热演化的角度指出了下二叠统及之下烃源层在四川盆地不同地区油气勘探中的不同意义. 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
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Ingvar B. Fridleifsson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(1-2):242-252
In an active spreading area like Iceland, where the regional geothermal gradient is in the range 50–150°C/km, it is normally not a problem to find high enough temperature with deep drilling, but the difficulties arise with finding permeable layers at depth within the strata. Various volcanological methods can be applied in the search for aquifers and geothermal reservoir rocks. The flow pattern (as deduced from deuterium studies) indicates that the thermal water flows preferentially along high porosity stratiform horizons and dyke swarms from the recharge areas in the highlands to the hot spring areas in the lowlands. The primary porosity of the volcanic strata is dependent on the chemical composition and the mode of eruption of the volcanic units. Both the reservoir rocks and the flow channels forming the geothermal plumbing system are thought to vary from the Tertiary to the Quaternary provinces due to environmental conditions at the eruptive sites. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
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This paper briefly summarizes the works in the processing of strong ground motion data, the factors affecting strong ground motion, the modeling of strong ground motion and the calculating of broad-band response spectrum which have been done recent years by engineering seismologists and seismologists of China. In addition, we think back to the international cooperation in strong ground motion of the recent years and make some expectations for the future. 相似文献