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1.
GOCE, Satellite Gravimetry and Antarctic Mass Transports 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Reiner Rummel Martin Horwath Weiyong Yi Alberta Albertella Wolfgang Bosch Roger Haagmans 《Surveys in Geophysics》2011,32(4-5):643-657
In 2009 the European Space Agency satellite mission GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer) was launched. Its objectives are the precise and detailed determination of the Earth’s gravity field and geoid. Its core instrument, a three axis gravitational gradiometer, measures the gravity gradient components V xx , V yy , V zz and V xz (second-order derivatives of the gravity potential V) with high precision and V xy , V yz with low precision, all in the instrument reference frame. The long wavelength gravity field is recovered from the orbit, measured by GPS (Global Positioning System). Characteristic elements of the mission are precise star tracking, a Sun-synchronous and very low (260 km) orbit, angular control by magnetic torquing and an extremely stiff and thermally stable instrument environment. GOCE is complementary to GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), another satellite gravity mission, launched in 2002. While GRACE is designed to measure temporal gravity variations, albeit with limited spatial resolution, GOCE is aiming at maximum spatial resolution, at the expense of accuracy at large spatial scales. Thus, GOCE will not provide temporal variations but is tailored to the recovery of the fine scales of the stationary field. GRACE is very successful in delivering time series of large-scale mass changes of the Antarctic ice sheet, among other things. Currently, emphasis of respective GRACE analyses is on regional refinement and on changes of temporal trends. One of the challenges is the separation of ice mass changes from glacial isostatic adjustment. Already from a few months of GOCE data, detailed gravity gradients can be recovered. They are presented here for the area of Antarctica. As one application, GOCE gravity gradients are an important addition to the sparse gravity data of Antarctica. They will help studies of the crustal and lithospheric field. A second area of application is ocean circulation. The geoid surface from the gravity field model GOCO01S allows us now to generate rather detailed maps of the mean dynamic ocean topography and of geostrophic flow velocities in the region of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. 相似文献
2.
Roland Pail Thomas Fecher Michael Murböck Moritz Rexer Monika Stetter Thomas Gruber Claudia Stummer 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2013,57(2):155-173
The reprocessing of Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) Level 1b gradiometer and star tracker data applying upgraded processing methods leads to improved gravity gradient and attitude products. The impact of these enhanced products on GOCE-only and combined GOCE+GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) gravity field models is analyzed in detail, based on a two-months data period of Nov. and Dec. 2009, and applying a rigorous gravity field solution of full normal equations. Gravity field models that are based only on GOCE gradiometer data benefit most, especially in the low to medium degree range of the harmonic spectrum, but also for specific groups of harmonic coefficients around order 16 and its integer multiples, related to the satellite’s revolution frequency. However, due to the fact that also (near-)sectorial coefficients are significantly improved up to high degrees (which is caused mainly by an enhanced second derivative in Y direction of the gravitational potential — VYY), also combined gravity field models, including either GOCE orbit information or GRACE data, show improvements of more than 10% compared to the use of original gravity gradient data. Finally, the resulting gradiometry-only, GOCE-only and GOCE+GRACE global gravity field models have been externally validated by independent GPS/levelling observations in selected regions. In conclusion, it can be expected that several applications will benefit from the better quality of data and resulting GOCE and combined gravity field models. 相似文献
3.
4.
Hasan Yildiz 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2012,56(1):171-184
Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) is the first satellite mission that observes gravity gradients
from the space, to be primarily used for the determination of high precision global gravity field models. However, the GOCE
gradients, having a dense data distribution, may potentially provide better predictions of the regional gravity field than
those obtained using a spherical harmonic Earth Geopotential Model (EGM). This is investigated in Auvergne test area using
Least Squares Collocation (LSC) with GOCE vertical gravity gradient anomalies (Tzz), removing the long wavelength part from EGM2008 and the short wavelength part by residual terrain modelling (RTM). The results
show that terrain effects on the vertical gravity gradient are significant at satellite altitude, reaching a level of 0.11
E?tv?s unit (E.U.) in the mountainous areas. Removing the RTM effects from GOCE Tzz leads to significant improvements on the LSC predictions of surface gravity anomalies and quasigeoid heights. Comparison
with ground truth data shows that using LSC surface free air gravity anomalies and quasi-geoid heights are recovered from
GOCE Tzz with standard deviations of 11 mGal and 18 cm, which is better than those obtained by using GOCE EGMs, demonstrating that
information beyond the maximal degree of the GOCE EGMs is present. Investigation of using covariance functions created separately
from GOCE Tzz and terrestrial free air gravity anomalies, suggests that both covariance functions give almost identical predictions. However,
using covariance function obtained from GOCE Tzz has the effect that the predicted formal average error estimates are considerably larger than the standard deviations of
predicted minus observed gravity anomalies. Therefore, GOCE Tzz should be used with caution to determine the covariance functions in areas where surface gravity anomalies are not available,
if error estimates are needed. 相似文献
5.
Determination of gravity anomaly at sea level from inversion of satellite gravity gradiometric data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gravity gradients can be used to determine the local gravity field of the Earth. This paper investigates downward continuation of all elements of the disturbing gravitational tensor at satellite level using the second-order partial derivatives of the extended Stokes formula in the local-north oriented frame to determine the gravity anomaly at sea level. It considers the inversion of each gradient separately as well as their joint inversion. Numerical studies show that the gradients Tzz, Txx, Tyy and Txz have similar capability of being continued downward to sea level in the presence of white noise, while the gradient Tyz is considerably worse than the others. The bias-corrected joint inversion process shows the possibility of recovering the gravity anomaly with 1 mGal accuracy. Variance component estimation is also tested to update the observation weights in the joint inversion. 相似文献
6.
Presently, two satellite missions, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE), are making detailed measurements of the Earth’s gravity field, from which the geoid can be obtained. The mean dynamic topography (MDT) is the difference between the time-averaged sea surface height and the geoid. The GOCE mission is aimed at determining the geoid with superior accuracy and spatial resolution, so that a more accurate MDT can be estimated. In this study, we determine the mean positions of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current fronts using the purely geodetic estimates of the MDT constructed from an altimetric mean sea surface and GOCE and GRACE geoids. Overall, the frontal positions obtained from the GOCE and GRACE MDTs are close to each other. This means that these independent estimates are robust and can potentially be used to validate frontal positions obtained from sparse and irregular in situ measurements. The geodetic frontal positions are compared to earlier estimates as well as to those derived from MDTs based on satellite and in situ measurements and those obtained from an ocean data synthesis product. The position of the Sub-Antarctic Front identified in the GOCE MDT is found to be in better agreement with the previous estimates than that identified in the GRACE MDT. The geostrophic velocities derived from the GOCE MDT are also closer to observations than those derived from the GRACE MDT. Our results thus show that the GOCE mission represents an improvement upon GRACE in terms of the time-averaged geoid. 相似文献
7.
GOCE卫星由于加速度计的特殊安装方式,其非保守力主要由普通模式的组合加速度提供,使得单个加速度计的特征更难提取.本文首次采用实测数据,研究了单加速度计模式下的高低跟踪数据处理.利用GOCE任务2009年(2009-11—2009-12)的实测数据,分别以GOCE卫星梯度仪坐标系三个坐标轴正向的加速度计为研究对象,利用1s间隔的高采样轨道数据,采用动力法同时进行卫星重力场建模和加速度计的精密校准.为了克服两极地区的数据缺失对重力场模型低次系数的影响,即所谓的极空白问题,引入同期GRACE卫星的观测数据,采用方差分量估计方法,建立了GRACE/GOCE卫星跟踪卫星重力场模型WHU-GRGO-SST.该模型完全到100阶次,经6169个美国GPS水准点数据检验,在同阶次上与EGM2008和GGM05S的精度水平相同.分析发现,GOCE卫星的加速度计偏差参数存在显著的漂移,也显示了单加速度计模式处理GOCE高低跟踪数据的优势.本文的研究成果为建立静态高分辨率、高精度的GRACE/GOCE重力场模型提供了更严密的模型与技术方案,同时也为GOCE卫星梯度仪校准,以及梯度数据的深入分析提供了重要的参考信息. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Geodynamics》2009,47(3-5):69-77
The measurement of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) is one of the key ways in which geophysicists probe the long-term mantle rheology and Pleistocene ice history. GIA models are also tied to global and regional relative sea-level (RSL) histories, to 20th century tide-gauge (TG) data and to space and terrestrial geodetic measurements. Two new types of observation are related to the high-resolution space–gravity data recovered from the Gravity and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite pair and the soon-to-be launched Gravity and Ocean Circulation Experiment (GOCE) with on-board three-component gradiometer. Gravity mapping has the unique capability of isolating those regions that lack isostatic equilibrium. When coupled with other space and terrestrial geodetic measurements, such as those of the Global Positioning System (GPS) networks and with multi-decade terrestrial gravity data, new constraints on GIA are in the offing and should soon illuminate new interpretations of ice-sheet history and mantle response. GIA studies also incorporate space-based altimetry data, which now provide multi-decadal coverage over continents, oceans and lakes. As we are approaching 72 monthly solutions of GRACE gravity coefficients for determining the Earth's secular component of gravity change over the continents, a new issue has surfaced: the problem of relying on interannual hydrological modeling to determine the hydrological contribution to the linear trend in the gravity field. Correctly extracting this contribution is germane to using the GIA-driven component for modeling solid-Earth and paleo-climatic parameters.Seismic and heat-flux-based models of the Earth's interior are emerging with ever higher levels of sophistication regarding material strength (or viscosity). A basic question raised is: how good are traditional Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscosity models that only allow radial variations of Earth parameters? In other words: under what circumstances must this assumption be abandoned for joint interpretations of new and traditional data sets. In this short review we summarize the issues raised in the papers forming this special issue (SI) dedicated to GIA. 相似文献
9.
The availability of digital elevation databases representing the topographic and bathymetric relief with global homogeneous coverage and increasing resolution permits the computation of crust-related Earth gravity models, the so-called topographic/isostatic Earth gravity models (henceforth T/I models). Although expressing the spherical harmonic content of the topographic masses, the interpretation purpose of T/I models has not been given the attention it deserves, apart from the fact that they express some degree of compensation to the observed spectrum of the topographic heights, depending on the kind of the applied compensation mechanism. The present contribution attempts to improve the interpretation aspects of T/I Earth gravity models. To this end, a rigorous spectral assessment is performed to a standard Airy/Heiskanen T/I model against different CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP), Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), Gravity field and steadystate Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite-only, and combined gravity models. Different correlation bandwidths emerge for these four groups of satellite-based gravity models. The band-limited forward computation of the models using these bandwidths reproduces nicely the main features of the applied T/I model. 相似文献
10.
Several satellite-only gravity models based on the analysis of satellite-to-satellite tracking (SST) data have become available in the course of the last decade. The realization of the satellite missions CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) enabled the practical implementation of two modes of the SST principle, namely the high–low and the low–low SST. Though similar in their fundamental idea, which is the indirect observation of the gravity field based on the position of two satellites orbiting the Earth, the different architecture and geometrical layout of these techniques capture different fingerprints of the observed field. In the last few years, satellite-only gravity models based on the analysis of satellite gravity gradiometry (SGG) data became available and led to a new insight into the gravity field. The implementation of the SGG principle became possible after the launch of Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE), the first gravitational gradiometry mission. Based on the principle of differential accelerometry, GOCE provides the gravitational gradients which can be used in gravity field retrieval as primary observations of the field at satellite altitude. In the present study, we consider some of the current satellite-only and combined gravity models based on the analysis of CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE, gravimetry and altimetry data. In order to perform a thorough analysis of the models, we present an overview of tools for their quality assessment both in an absolute and relative sense in terms of computing spectral quantities, such as correlation or smoothing coefficients per degree and per order, attempting to demonstrate possible non-isotropic features in the models. Furthermore, typical geodetic measures in computing second-order derivatives, such as degree and order variances and difference variances, have been also evaluated for the same models, using the combined model EGM2008 as reference. Apart from these standard spectral assessment quantities, a systematic spatial representation of the second derivatives at satellite altitude has been performed. The combination of the two analysis steps (spectral and spatial) permits a first detailed assessment of the models, focusing especially on the identification of characteristic interpretable bandwidths. 相似文献
11.
本文在法方程层面融合GOCE卫星的Vxx、Vyy、Vzz和Vxz重力梯度分量观测数据和GRACE卫星观测数据,采用直接法解算了220阶次的重力场模型Tongji-GOGR2019S.首先利用ⅡR带通滤波器在5~41 mHz的重力梯度带宽范围内对约24个月的GOCE重力梯度观测方程进行无相移滤波处理,并组成解算220阶次重力场模型的法方程,各梯度分量根据相对于参考模型统计精度进行定权;然后与13.5 a GRACE数据建立的180阶次Tongji-Grace02s重力场模型的法方程进行叠加,解算了220阶次的无约束纯卫星重力场模型Tongji-GOGR2019S.利用EIGEN-6C4重力场模型、GNSS/水准数据、DTU15重力异常数据以及欧洲区域似大地水准面模型EGG2015等数据对Tongji-GOGR2019S模型精度进行全面的检核评定,结果表明：引入GOCE卫星梯度数据后,高于72阶的位系数精度优于Tongji-Grace02s模型,Tongji-GOGR2019S模型的整体精度接近同阶次的DIR-R6等GOCE卫星第6代模型. 相似文献
12.
The ESA Gravity and steady state Ocean and Circulation Explorer, GOCE, mission will utilise the principle of satellite gravity gradiometry to measure the long to medium wavelengths in the static gravity field. Previous studies have demonstrated the low sensitivity of GOCE to ocean tides and to temporal gravity field variations at the seasonal scale. In this study we investigate the sensitivity of satellite gradiometry missions such as GOCE to secular signals due to ice-mass change observed in Greenland and Antarctica. We show that unaccounted ice-mass change signal is likely to increase GOCE-related noise but that the expected present-day polar ice-mass change is below the GOCE sensitivity for an 18-month mission. Furthermore, 2–3 orders of magnitude improvement in the gradiometry in future gradiometer missions is necessary to detect ice-mass change with sufficient accuracy at the spatial resolution of interest. 相似文献
13.
利用欧空局发布的三组GOCE引力场模型及CNES-CLS 2010平均海面高数据,计算得到了全球的稳态海面地形,进而得到了全球地转流速度图.在此基础上重点对黑潮进行了对比分析.结果表明:GOCE不同组解的稳定性较好,所计算的稳态海面地形的差异基本在厘米量级内,这间接表明了GOCE引力场模型提供的大地水准面的精度达到了厘米量级.此外,通过将GOCE与GRACE相应结果进行对比发现,GOCE可提供更多的局部信息,特别是对于流速快、水流窄的边界流,如黑潮、墨西哥湾流等,GOCE所得结果更加清晰,速度也更精确. 相似文献
14.
Hasan Yildiz Rene Forsberg Carl Christian Tscherning Daniel Steinhage Graeme Eagles Johannes Bouman 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2017,61(1):53-68
An airborne gravity campaign was carried out at the Dome-C survey area in East Antarctica between the 17th and 22nd of January 2013, in order to provide data for an experiment to validate GOCE satellite gravity gradients. After typical filtering for airborne gravity data, the cross-over error statistics for the few crossing points are 11.3 mGal root mean square (rms) error, corresponding to an rms line error of 8.0 mGal. This number is relatively large due to the rough flight conditions, short lines and field handling procedures used. Comparison of the airborne gravity data with GOCE RL4 spherical harmonic models confirmed the quality of the airborne data and that they contain more high-frequency signal than the global models. First, the airborne gravity data were upward continued to GOCE altitude to predict gravity gradients in the local North-East-Up reference frame. In this step, the least squares collocation using the ITGGRACE2010S field to degree and order 90 as reference field, which is subtracted from both the airborne gravity and GOCE gravity gradients, was applied. Then, the predicted gradients were rotated to the gradiometer reference frame using level 1 attitude quaternion data. The validation with the airborne gravity data was limited to the accurate gradient anomalies (TXX, TYY, TZZ and TXZ) where the long-wavelength information of the GOCE gradients has been replaced with GOCO03s signal to avoid contamination with GOCE gradient errors at these wavelengths. The comparison shows standard deviations between the predicted and GOCE gradient anomalies TXX, TYY, TZZ and TXZ of 9.9, 11.5, 11.6 and 10.4 mE, respectively. A more precise airborne gravity survey of the southern polar gap which is not observed by GOCE would thus provide gradient predictions at a better accuracy, complementing the GOCE coverage in this region. 相似文献
15.
基于频域法,利用最新的GOCE卫星重力场模型和卫星测高数据计算了稳态海面动力地形.结合海洋表层漂流浮标的观测结果,对稳态海面动力地形进行了最优空间滤波尺度分析,给出了区域、纬度带和全球稳态海面动力地形的最优空间滤波尺度因子.在此基础上,给出了全球和区域地转流.结果表明:在中高纬度和全球区域,可以分别获得空间尺度优于102km和127km的稳态海面动力地形信息.与海洋表层漂流浮标对比可知,在强流区域,采用稳态海面动力地形得到的地转流速可以解释观测浮标流速的70%;在中高纬度区域,由GOCE重力场得到的地转流略优于对应的GRACE结果;在近赤道区域,由GOCE重力场得到的地转流精度略低于对应的GRACE结果;在北大西洋和阿古拉斯强流区域,由GOCE得到的地转流场明显优于对应的GRACE结果,其精度分别提高了16%和24%. 相似文献
16.
高精度高程基准重力位的确定往往依赖于高精度全球重力场模型,其对全球和区域高程基准的高精度统一非常关键,GRACE、GOCE卫星重力计划极大地提高了全球重力场模型中长波的精度.本文首先对GRACE/GOCE卫星重力场模型的内符合和外符合精度进行讨论分析,结果说明卫星重力模型的截断误差影响可达到分米级水平,在确定高程基准重力位时该影响不可忽略.利用EGM2008模型扩展GRACE/GOCE卫星重力场模型至2190阶,可有效减弱卫星重力模型的截断误差影响,但不同模型扩展时的最优拼接阶次不同,其中DIR-1、DIR-5模型对应的最优拼接阶次分别为180阶和220阶,以GPS水准数据检验,扩展模型在中国区域的精度均优于18cm.最后,基于最优拼接阶次获得的扩展重力场模型对我国1985高程基准重力位进行了估计,DIR-5和TIM-5模型对应数值分别为62636853.47m~2·s~(-2)和62636853.49m~2·s~(-2),精度均为1.51m~2·s~(-2);发现在中国区域模型大地水准面与GPS/水准数据的差值存在微弱的系统性倾斜,东西向倾斜约为9cm,南北向倾斜约为1.4cm,考虑倾斜改正后基于DIR-5和TIM-5模型估计我国1985高程基准重力位的精度提高了0.16m~2·s~(-2). 相似文献
17.
高精度GRACE卫星时变重力场反演一直是卫星重力测量中的难题.为了恢复高精度的时变地球重力场模型,本文联合GRACE卫星的星载GPS和KBR星间测速观测数据,在对GRACE卫星进行精密定轨的同时,解算出60阶月平均地球重力场模型.通过对GRACE卫星的定轨精度、星载GPS相位和KBR星间测速数据的拟合残差以及时变地球重力场模型解算精度等分析,表明:(1)与美国宇航局喷气推进实验室(JPL)发布的约化动力学精密轨道相比,本文确定GRACE卫星轨道三维位置误差小于5 cm.(2)星载GPS相位数据拟合残差为5~8 mm,KBR星间测速数据拟合残差为0.18~0.30μm·s~(-1).(3)解算的月平均重力场模型与美国德克萨斯大学空间研究中心(CSR)、德国地学研究中心(GFZ)和JPL发布的RL05模型精度接近,时变信号在全球范围内具有很好的空间分布一致性.通过计算亚马逊流域和长江流域的水储量变化,本文与上述三个机构的计算结果无明显差异,且相关系数均达0.9以上.可见,本文建立的卫星轨道与重力场同解算法具有反演高精度GRACE时变重力场能力,为我国卫星重力场反演提供了重要的技术支持. 相似文献
18.
Four new gravity field models from GOCE, two of them combined with GRACE, are compared here with EGM2008. The objectives are to look into the differences in consecutive ranges of the spherical harmonic expansion globally as well as in selected geographical regions and in the regions of the various data sources used for EGM2008. In general, GOCE is able to contribute to improved global gravity models in the spherical harmonic range between 120 and 200 (and above). The agreement between EGM2008 and the GOCE models is very good in well-surveyed regions such as North America, Europe and Australia, with geoid RMS-differences on the order of 4–6 cm. In other regions, where the surface gravity data available for the development of EGM2008 were poor, such as South America, Africa, South-East Asia or China the RMS-differences are on a level of 30 cm. Here GOCE leads to a significant improvement. These findings are confirmed by the analysis of the areas of the various EGM2008 data sources. In the regions of the so-called “fill-in” data of EGM2008 RMS-geoid height differences are high. In Antarctica GOCE also gives important improvements in terms of spatial resolution and accuracy. In general, the agreement between EGM2008 and the GOCE-models up to degree and order (d/o) 200 is good, with a global (excluding the polar gaps of GOCE orbits, throughout) geoid difference RMS of 11 cm, in the ocean areas 8 cm and 20 cm in the continental areas. GOCE models are better suited for ocean circulation studies because no prior ocean information enters into the data reduction process, as it is the case when deducing gravity anomalies from an altimetric mean sea surface. On the other hand, the good consistency between GOCE-models and EGM2008 in ocean areas very likely indicates that the influence of ocean circulation information on EGM2008 is rather small. The four tested GOCE models behave similarly except at the highest latitudes where GOCE lacks data due to its orbit inclination of 96.5° and some form of regularization which has to be applied. 相似文献
19.
Hydrological Signals Observed by the GRACE Satellites 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
R. Schmidt F. Flechtner U. Meyer K.-H. Neumayer Ch. Dahle R. König J. Kusche 《Surveys in Geophysics》2008,29(4-5):319-334
20.
GRACE detection of the medium- to far-field coseismic gravity changes caused by the 2004 MW9.3 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake 
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下载免费PDF全文 Large earthquakes cause observable changes in the Earth's gravity field, which have been detected by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Since most previous studies focus on the detection of near-field gravity effects, this study provides the results from the medium- to far-field gravity changes caused by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake that are recorded within GRACE monthly solutions. Utilizing a spherical-earth dislocation model we documented that large-scale signals predominate in the global field of the coseismic gravity changes caused by the earthquake. After removing the near-field effects, the coseismic gravity changes show a negative anomaly feature with an average magnitude of -0.18×10-8 m·s-2 in the region ranging ~40° from the epicenter, which is considered as the "medium field" in this study. From the GRACE data released by Center for Space Research from August 2002 to December 2008, we retrieved the large-scale gravity changes smoothed with 3 000 km Gaussian filter. The results show that the coseismic gravity changes detected by GRACE in the medium field have an average of (-0.20±0.06)×10-8 m·s-2, which agrees with the model prediction. The detection confirms that GRACE is sensitive to large-scale medium-field coseismic gravitational effects of mega earthquakes, and also validates the spherical-earth dislocation model in the medium field from the perspective of satellite gravimetry. 相似文献