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1.
《中国科学:地球科学》2010,(12)
塔里木盆地早古生代碳酸盐岩沉积时期的热历史由于缺乏有效的古温标进行热史恢复,一直是困扰该区下古生界烃源岩演化研究的难题.磷灰石和锆石的(U-Th)/He热定年技术是近年来用于沉积盆地热史研究的新技术,可以用来揭示地层的构造抬升和热历史.本文利用塔里木盆地典型井中古生界层系的古温标来恢复古生代的热史.这些井在海西期长期隆升、遭受强烈的剥蚀、后期埋藏深度较小,因而古生界层系中的古温标可以保留原始热信息,从而反映古生代的温度状况.本文通过对这些钻井样品进行磷灰石和锆石(U-Th)/He年龄测试,并结合磷灰石裂变径迹和等效镜质体反射率等古温标,综合模拟计算了塔里木盆地不同构造单元的KQ1和T1井早古生代的构造-热演化历史.模拟结果表明,塔里木盆地塔东北和巴楚隆起区古生代热演化存在差异.巴楚隆起区T1井在寒武纪末期的古地温梯度仅为28～30℃/km,奥陶纪的地温梯度增高至30～33℃/km之间,志留-泥盆纪地温梯度为31～34℃/km;塔东北的KQ1井区奥陶纪的地温梯度可达35℃/km,志留-泥盆纪地温梯度为32～35℃/km.因此,(U-Th)/He年龄结合其他古温标综合模拟的方法可以很好地揭示沉积盆地的热历史,特别是该方法为塔里木盆地早古生代的热史恢复提供了新的途径. 相似文献
2.
《中国科学:地球科学》2020,(1)
锆石(U-Th)/He热定年技术为沉积盆地深层较高温度热历史的重建提供一种有效的古温标,其中锆石He年龄和封闭温度是重要参数.文章通过渤海湾和塔里木盆地超深钻井的自然演化样品,建立了不同热背景下锆石He年龄与埋深的演化模式并据此探讨碎屑锆石He封闭温度.研究表明自然演化碎屑锆石He封闭温度为200℃,高于国际上广泛使用火成岩锆石样品进行热扩散实验得到的He封闭温度(183℃);获得锆石He部分保留带为140～200℃.正确理解锆石He封闭温度,从而为正确解释锆石He年龄包含的地质信息提供理论依据,对盆地深层烃源岩演化及其成烃成藏研究具有指导意义. 相似文献
3.
沉积盆地古老层系已成为我国油气勘探的重要领域,但由于缺乏有效古温标,其热史研究一直很薄弱.本文在系统综述锆石He扩散动力学模型及差异性基础上,探讨了锆石(U-Th)/He热定年技术在我国克拉通盆地古老层系热史恢复中的适用性.目前常用的锆石He扩散动力学模型包括简单模型、锆石辐射损伤积累和退火模型及扇形-线性模型.基于不同温度路径模拟发现,锆石辐射损伤积累和退火模型和扇形-线性模型在约束低温热史时具有较强的一致性,而在约束高温热史(>200℃)时,则具有明显的差异性.塔里木盆地、四川盆地和华北克拉通盆地的前寒武系样品单颗粒锆石(U-Th)/He年龄均小于地层年龄,且与有效铀浓度呈负相关性,反映了辐射损伤是锆石He年龄分散的主因.基于正、反演热史模拟明确了三大盆地前寒武系样品自沉积以来的古温度史,并揭示出它们曾经历过160~185℃的高温热历史,这对深层、古老层系烃源岩成熟演化和资源评价具有重要的科学意义. 相似文献
4.
沉积盆地埋藏史和热历史重建是了解盆地成因和油气形成条件的重要依据,而目前利用古温标手段研究珠江口盆地内东沙隆起热史和埋藏史的成果寥寥无几.本研究中,我们基于磷灰石与锆石(U-Th)/He年龄的反演结果给出了更多合理的约束条件,在此基础上对同一套镜质体反射率Ro数据进行了古热流法模拟计算,获得了钻井自中生代以来的地层温度史.反演结果显示LF35-1-1井区在早始新世-早渐新世发生了一期强烈的抬升剥蚀,地层剥蚀量为2000 m左右.拟合获得的埋藏史和热流史显示该井区在早始新世(~55Ma)经历了最高井底古热流(100 mW·m~(-2)),之后热流减小,持续至现今64.3 mW·m~(-2).最高古地温与隆升剥蚀在时间上的耦合体现了抬升事件对地温冷却的影响,但不足以排除基底热流下降因素.本次研究首次将(U-Th)/He技术用于南海北缘深水区盆地的热史研究,获得的热史结果更加符合现有的构造沉积大地构造方面的认识,展示了利用多种古温标手段进行盆地精细热史研究的良好效用. 相似文献
5.
库车前陆盆地蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,然而盆地中新生代的构造热演化史一直缺乏有效的研究,制约了油气的勘探.本文测试了吐孜2井磷灰石、锆石(U-Th)/He年龄数据,建立了He年龄随现今温度/深度变化的关系,确定该区磷灰石(U-Th)/He体系封闭温度为89℃.综合利用(U-Th)/He及镜质体反射率(Ro)数据模拟恢复了库车盆地吐孜2井中新生代热演化史,结果表明库车盆地吐孜洛克背斜形成起始时间约为5Ma,新生代抬升剥蚀量平均约为670m,平均抬升剥蚀速率为0.133mm/a.根据新生代吐孜洛克背斜的构造演化分析确定了气源断裂活动及圈闭形成的时期,揭示了吐孜洛克背斜天然气成藏时间为5Ma以后,且烃源岩生排烃、断裂活动及圈闭形成的时间具有良好的匹配关系,这是吐孜洛克油气田形成的关键因素之一.本文应用(U-Th)/He技术研究沉积盆地构造热演化史,对库车盆地油气勘探具有重要的意义. 相似文献
6.
为了更好地理解锆石(U-Th)/He定年技术及应用潜力,文章基于热活化扩散过程原理,通过高精度分步加热实验研究锆石He的扩散特征,分析锆石He扩散动力学参数、封闭温度(Tc)、部分保留区(PRZ)及(U-Th)/He年龄等. FCT锆石标样循环分步加热扩散实验获取扩散系数ln(D/a2)与温度倒数呈负相关,遵从期望的热活化扩散过程(Arrhenius方程).锆石He扩散活化能(Ea)分布在144～184kJ mol~(-1),平均值为(169±12)kJ mol~(-1),(U-Th)/He封闭温度介于144～216℃(冷却速率为10℃Ma-1,半径为38～60μm),平均值为(176±18)℃.锆石He封闭温度随着冷却速率的增大而增加,缓慢冷却时(冷却速率为0.1℃Ma-1),平均值为～136℃;快速冷却时(冷却速率为100℃Ma-1),平均值为～199℃.当冷却速率不变时, He封闭温度随锆石半径增大而增加,对于快速冷却的FCT锆石,年龄受半径大小影响不明显. He保存或者重置与温度和时间条件密切相关,部分保留区温度窗口随持续时间的增加逐渐减小.测试26粒FCT锆石(U-Th)/He年龄的几何平均值为(28.38±0.34)Ma(S.E.),与国内外实验室测试年龄(28.4±1.9Ma)一致. FCT锆石(U-Th)/He年龄较年轻,具有较好的重现性,锆石形成后快速冷却,具有低剂量的辐射损伤,且FCT锆石He年龄与eU没有明显的相关性,表明辐射损伤对He年龄及扩散动力学的影响不明显. 相似文献
7.
年龄-高程法是地质热年代学中利用垂向分布的样品高程和年龄关系计算山体剥露速率的技术,其主要优势在于避免了未知古地温梯度的约束,被广泛应用于造山带研究中.但在实际应用中,由于样品采集剖面无法完全满足垂直的要求,会引入封闭温度面受地形起伏影响所带来的计算误差.本文利用稳态地温场数值模拟,在理论三角函数地形条件下,对不同采样剖面和地温梯度条件下,年龄-高程法的计算准确性进行了定量评估,并据此指出地温梯度不大于30 ℃/km时,在高差为2 km的采样剖面内,应用磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄-高程法,样品水平分布2.5 km以内时,计算结果高出实际剥露速率不超过11%,可以近似认为采样剖面垂直、计算结果准确;应用磷灰石裂变径迹年龄-高程法,样品水平分布5 km以内时,计算剥露速率高出实际剥露速率在15%以内,可以直接利用. 相似文献
8.
日喀则弧前盆地的埋藏和剥蚀历史——来自低温热年代学的约束 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
日喀则弧前盆地紧邻印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞带,研究其剥蚀历史对理解印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞对造山带剥蚀的影响具有重要意义。文中利用磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)及锆石和磷灰石的(U-Th)/He(ZHe和AHe)年龄数据,结合已发表的低温热年代数据探讨日喀则弧前盆地的热演化和剥露历史。日喀则弧前盆地磷灰石裂变径迹年龄存在明显的南北差异,南部磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为74～44Ma,对应的剥蚀速率为0. 03～0. 1km/Ma,剥蚀量≤2km;北部磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为27～15Ma,剥蚀速率为0. 09～0. 29km/Ma,但缺失早新生代的热演化历史。而磷灰石的(U-Th)/He年龄表明15Ma BP之后日喀则弧前盆地整体呈现一致的剥露历史。低温热年代数据表明日喀则弧前盆地南部自新生代以来尽管受到印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞及后期断层活动的影响,海拔由海平面抬升至4. 2km,但一直保持缓慢的剥蚀,表明高原隆升并未直接促使该地区的岩石剥蚀速率加快,这与快速剥蚀即代表造山带开始隆升的假设不相符。此外,日喀则弧前盆地北部的低温热年代学研究表明晚渐新世—早中新世Kailas盆地仅发育于日喀则弧前盆地与冈底斯造山带之间的狭长地带,并在短期内经历了快速的埋藏和剥露。 相似文献
9.
库车前陆盆地蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,然而盆地中新生代的构造热演化史一直缺乏有效的研究,制约了油气的勘探.本文测试了吐孜2井磷灰石、锆石（U-Th）/He年龄数据,建立了He年龄随现今温度/深度变化的关系,确定该区磷灰石（U-Th）/He体系封闭温度为89℃.综合利用（U-Th）/He及镜质体反射率（Ro）数据模拟恢复了库车盆地吐孜2井中新生代热演化史,结果表明库车盆地吐孜洛克背斜形成起始时间约为5 Ma,新生代抬升剥蚀量平均约为670 m,平均抬升剥蚀速率为0.133 mm/a.根据新生代吐孜洛克背斜的构造演化分析确定了气源断裂活动及圈闭形成的时期,揭示了吐孜洛克背斜天然气成藏时间为5 Ma以后,且烃源岩生排烃、断裂活动及圈闭形成的时间具有良好的匹配关系,这是吐孜洛克油气田形成的关键因素之一.本文应用（U-Th）/He技术研究沉积盆地构造热演化史,对库车盆地油气勘探具有重要的意义. 相似文献
10.
锆石是(U-Th)/He测年体系中最常用的富含U、Th的副矿物之一。相对于磷灰石而言,锆石的He封闭温度较高(约190℃),在解决沉积盆地物源和热史恢复方面更具优势。但锆石晶体内的U、Th分带普遍发育,浓度差异明显,即使是国际普遍使用的(U-Th)/He测年标样FCT(Fish Canyon Tuff)的年龄值分散度也可约达10%。文中依托中国地震局地质研究所新建立的(U-Th)/He年代学实验室,利用配备的Alphachron He同位素质谱仪对一批FCT锆石单颗粒采用激光加热萃取后进行4He含量测定,并应用自动进样的安捷伦7900 ICP-MS和同位素稀释剂法测定母体同位素U、Th的含量,得到FCT锆石的年龄范围为26. 61～31. 91Ma,加权平均年龄为(28. 8±3. 1) Ma(2SD,n=10),该年龄值与国际上多个实验室所获得的平均年龄((28. 3±3. 1) Ma,2σ,n=127;(28. 29±2. 6)Ma,2σ外部误差,9. 3%,n=114)在误差范围内一致; Th/U比值范围是0. 52～0. 67,与国际报道值一致,说明本实验室所建立的锆石单颗粒(U-Th)/He测年实验流程可靠。 相似文献
11.
柯坪塔格地区位于西南天山与塔里木盆地之间, 是塔里木地台的一部分, 其构造隆升与天山和塔里木盆地的演化密切相关. 本文首次将(U-Th)/He热定年技术应用于该地区构造抬升的研究, 对该区震旦系露头样品的磷灰石和锆石的(U-Th)/He进行了年龄测定和热史模拟, 结果表明柯坪塔格地区主要经历了4期构造抬升事件, 导致震旦系抬升至地表, 其中磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄揭示了晚白垩世和中新世两期的构造抬升事件. 在早石炭世, 震旦系温度达到最大, 介于133~150°C之间, 结合沉积埋藏史得到当时的最大埋深是3400~3900 m. 在渐新世-中新世, 受印度-欧亚板块碰撞远程效应的影响, 柯坪塔格地区沿柯坪塔格-沙井子断裂向巴楚隆起上逆冲, 地层快速抬升遭受剥蚀. 在15~10 Ma时, 柯坪塔格地区震旦系已抬升至地表. 自早石炭世至今, 柯坪塔格地区总剥蚀量达6170 m. 柯坪塔格地区自中生代以来的构造-热演化史与塔里木盆地北缘是一致的, 但与天山及处于塔里木盆地内部的巴楚隆起的构造抬升过程存在差异. 中新世以后, 受喜山运动远程效应影响, 柯坪塔格和天山才同处于抬升状态; 而巴楚隆起在古近纪早期仍处于抬升剥蚀状态, 与柯坪塔格地区接受沉积相反. 本文利用(U-Th)/He热定年技术成功地揭示了柯坪塔格地区自震旦纪以来的构造-热演化史, 这些结果有利于人们对这一地区构造抬升的正确认识. 同时, 本研究对塔里木盆地的油气勘探及天山地区的构造研究具有指导意义. 相似文献
12.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE OF SINGLE-GRAIN APATITE(U-Th)/He DATING AND ITS VALIDATION BY DURANGO APATITE STANDARD 
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下载免费PDF全文 (U-Th)/He isotopic dating has been developed very quickly in recent years, due to the recognition that the thermal history of rock at low temperature can be effective revealed by such dating method. In particular, He closure temperature in apatite (40~80℃) is very low, so apatite (U-Th)/He ages can reflect the thermal history information of the low-temperature stage, and have a good application prospect in the field of low-temperature thermal chronology. However, because of many influence factors and complicated measurement procedures, the development of apatite He dating in China remains in its early stage. In this study, a measurement procedure was established at the (U-Th)/He dating laboratory of Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration. We measured the daughter isotopic helium by diode laser heating four batches of a total seventy-five grains of Durango apatite in an Alphachron helium mass spectrometry system. Then the apatite grains were dissolved to precisely measure the concentration of parent nuclides (U, Th)using the solution isotope dilution method through an automatic sampling ICP-MS (Agilent 7900). Results show that the Th/U values of Durango apatite grains were in the range of 17.23 to 23.60, while all the 75ages were in the range of 28.61 to 34.51Ma with an average of (31.71±1.55)Ma (1σ), which are consistent with the international calibrated ages. 相似文献
13.
Zircon is one of the most commonly used accessory minerals rich in U and Th for(U-Th)/He dating system. Compared with apatite, zircon has a higher He closure temperature (~190℃), which gives it more advantages in solving the problem of source material and thermal history reconstruction in sedimentary basins. However, the crystals of zircons often have U and Th zoning development, with obvious differences in concentration. Even the standard sample of FCT(Fish Canyon Tuff)zircon which is widely used in (U-Th)/He dating has an average age dispersion of about 10%. In this study, the Alphachron He isotope mass spectrometer is used for laser melting of a batch of single grains of FCT zircon(11 grains)to determine their 4He content. The contents of U and Th of parent isotopes are accurately determined by automatic injection of Agilent 7900 ICP-MS and isotope diluent method. The Th/U ratios of the 10 FCT zircons calculated with (U-Th)/He average age in this paper range from 0.52 to 0.67, which are consistent with the Th/U ratios of 186 reported so far. According to the Th/U ratios of 189 FCT zircons published in the statistical literature, we found that only three of them had high Th/U ratios, namely, 1.12, 1.16 and 1.5, the other 186 FCT zircons(occupy>98%) had a Th/U ratio less than 1. Based on previous results and the 10 Th/U ratios measured in this paper, 196 FCT zircons have a normal Th/U ratio ranging from 0.27 to 1.00, with an average ratio of 0.56(n=196). Excluding one abnormally old age, the(U-Th)/He ages of the remaining FCT zircons in this study range from 26.61 to 31.91Ma, with a weighted mean age of (28.8±3.1)Ma (2SD, n=10), which is consistent with the mean age ((28.3±3.1)Ma, 2σ, n=127) or (28.29±2.6)Ma(2σ external error, 9.3%, n=114)obtained by several other international laboratories. This indicates that the zircon single particle(U-Th)/He dating process established by our laboratory is reliable. For the zircon samples with U, Th banding and concentration differences prevailing, determining the distribution of U, Th elements in the crystal prior to the (U-Th)/He experiment is essential for understanding effects of geometry and elemental zoning on nuclear recoil and diffusion and the interpretation of (U-Th)/He age data. 相似文献
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Cai Chang’e Qiu Nansheng Li Huili Stockli Daniel F. Chang Jian Liu Nian 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(3):412-424
Zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronometry was used as an effective indicator to study the thermal history of deep sedimentary basins with high temperatures.Zircon He ages and closure temperatures are very important parameters.In this paper,detrital zircon He closure temperature was studied by establishing the evolutionary pattern between zircon He ages and burial depth of borehole samples obtained from the Cenozoic strata in the Bohai Bay and Tarim basins,which have different thermal settings.The results show that the zircon He closure temperature of natural evolution samples is 200℃,which is higher than the temperature obtained from thermal simulation experiments(183℃).The temperature range of 140-200℃corresponds to the zircon helium partial retention zone.By properly understanding zircon He closure temperatures,zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronometry can provide a correct explanation of the He ages,and significant guidance in the study of the evolution of source rocks and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation in deep sedimentary basins. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,(3)
The thermal history of the Jiaodong region and adjacent provinces(Shandong and northern Jiangsu) have been extensively studied,particularly by apatite fission track(AFT) dating.However,the AFT ages from surface outcrops range broadly and do not show an apparent relationship between age and elevation.This work provides a multiple low temperature thermochronological dataset including zircon and apatite(U-Th)/He ages(ZHe and AHe),and AFT ages from a 1000-m-deep borehole at the Jiaojia goldneld in the northwest of Jiaodong Peninsula.ZHe,AFT and AHe ages range from-100-70,-85-50and-65-50 Ma,respectively.These data conform to the principles of age vs.closure temperature and age vs.elevation and thus can be employed to estimate the exhumation history.Based on the density histogram of fission track length calculation,thermal history modeling,and previously published AFT ages from the Chinese Continental Science Drill program,this work concludes that compared to the AFT ages from surface outcrops,the low temperature thermochronological ages from the boreholes show a better relationship between age,elevation and closure temperature,and the age becomes younger with increasing depth.In addition,the exhumation history in the Jiaodong and adjacent areas can be divided into two distinct stages:a short,rapid tectonic exhumation(~100-95 Ma) and a long,slow exhumation since 95 Ma.The rate and amount of tectonic exhumation since 95 Ma are inferred as ~30 m Ma~(-1) and ~3 km,respectively. 相似文献
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本文通过背斜褶皱变形与低温热年代学年龄(磷灰石和锆石(U-Th)/He、磷灰石裂变径迹)端元模型研究,约束低起伏度、低斜率地貌特征的四川盆地南部地区新生代隆升剥露过程.四川盆地南部沐川和桑木场背斜地区新生代渐新世-中新世发生了相似的快速隆升剥露过程(速率为~0.1 mm/a、现今地表剥蚀厚度1.0~2.0 km),反映出盆地克拉通基底对区域均一性快速抬升冷却过程的控制作用.川南沐川地区磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄值为~10-28.6 Ma, 样品年龄与古深度具有明显的线性关系,揭示新生代~10-30 Ma以速率为0.12±0.02 mm/a的稳态隆升剥露过程.桑木场背斜地区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为~36-52 Ma,古深度空间上样品AFT年龄变化不明显(~50 Ma)、且具有相似的径迹长度(~12.0 μm).磷灰石裂变径迹热演化史模拟表明桑木场地区经历三个阶段热演化过程:埋深增温阶段(~80 Ma以前)、缓慢抬升冷却阶段(80-20 Ma)和快速隆升剥露阶段(~20 Ma-现今),新生代隆升剥露速率大致分别为~0.025 mm/a和~0.1 mm/a.新生代青藏高原大规模地壳物质东向运动与四川盆地克拉通基底挤压,受板缘边界主断裂带差异性构造特征控制造就了青藏高原东缘不同的边界地貌特征. 相似文献
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天山是中亚造山带重要组成部分,其中-新生代构造热演化及隆升剥露史研究是认识中亚造山带构造变形过程与机制的关键.本文应用磷灰石(U-Th)/He技术重建中天山南缘科克苏河地区中-新生代构造热演化及隆升剥蚀过程.磷灰石(U-Th)/He数据综合解释及热演化史模拟表明该地区至少存在晚白垩世、早中新世、晚中新世3期快速隆升剥蚀事件,起始时间分别为~90Ma、~13Ma及~5Ma,且这3期隆升剥蚀事件在整个天山地区具有广泛的可对比性.相对于磷灰石裂变径迹,磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄记录了中天山南缘地质演化史中更新和更近的热信息,即中天山在晚中新世(~5 Ma)快速隆升剥蚀,其剥蚀速率为~0.47mm·a~(-1),剥蚀厚度为~2300m.总体上,中天山科克苏地区隆升剥蚀起始时间从天山造山带向昭苏盆地(由南向北)逐渐变老,表明了中天山南缘隆升剥蚀存在不均一性,并发生了多期揭顶剥蚀事件. 相似文献
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Single-crystal (U-Th)/He dating of 32 apatite and zircon crystals from an impact breccia yielded a weighted mean age of 663 ± 28 ka (n = 3; 4.2 % 2σ uncertainties) for the Monturaqui impact structure, Chile. This ~350 m diameter simple crater preserves a small volume of impactite consisting of polymict breccias that are dominated by reworked target rock clasts. The small size, young age and limited availability of melt material for traditional geochronological techniques made Monturaqui a good test to define the lower limits of the (U-Th)/He system to successfully date impact events. Numerical modeling of 4He loss in apatite and zircon crystals shows that, for even small craters such as Monturaqui, the short-lived compressional stage and shock metamorphic stage can account for the observed partial to full resetting of (U-Th)/He ages in accessory minerals. Despite the distinctly different 4He diffusion parameters of apatite and zircon, the 2σ-overlapping youngest ages are recorded in both populations of minerals, which supports the inference that the weighted mean of the youngest (U-Th)/He population is the age of formation of this impact structure. 相似文献