共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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利用卫星资料对阿尔金断裂带阿克塞以西进行阶地面对比和位错量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用高精度的Spot卫星资料，通过详细的地质解译，对研究区域内的河流及其形成的河流阶地进行了系统的对比，通过区域对比，得到了阿尔金活动断裂带在阿克塞附近的最近一段时期以来的可靠的河流阶地的位错，在研究区域内，规模相近的河流形成的同级的河流阶地具有相近的水平位错，T3阶地的水平位错约为380m,T4阶地的水平位错约为1300m，T6阶地的水平位错约为3000m. 相似文献
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黄河在宁夏沙坡头形成了"几"字形河曲地貌,并在河曲凸岸发育了3级河流阶地。本文针对沙坡头大弯河流阶地特征、阶地年龄,以及大拐弯的成因进行了分析,探讨本区地貌发育的机制。结果表明:(1)沙坡头大弯3级河流阶地形成的主要原因是构造抬升作用,气候变化对此处阶地形成的作用不明显。在区域新构造活动强烈的背景下,约中更新世末期中卫盆地开始抬升,黄河河道被固定,河流下切形成本区的最高阶地T3;约在70kaB.P.、8kaB.P.形成T2、T1阶地。(2)沙坡头黄河大拐弯是由香山—天景山断裂左旋走滑位错,以及水流受地球自转偏向力的河流内生动力共同作用的结果,并且河流的内生动力作用远大于前者的贡献。 相似文献
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海南岛北西部新构造特征及其演化研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用DGPS系统测量海南岛西部阶地,绘制地质地貌综合剖面,将西部阶地分为海成阶地和河流阶地两种。其中海成地貌包括一条砂堤和四级阶地:砂堤宽2~10m,高程约10m,形成于5ka以来;海成一级阶地发育较好,阶地面高程21~22m,形成于晚更新世至全新世之间;海成二级阶地顶面高程约32m左右,形成于晚更新世晚期;海成三级阶地较为发育,阶地面高程40~42m,形成于121.8ka;海成四级阶地零星分布,阶地面高程约57m,形成于中更新世晚期。河流阶地也可分出四级:一级阶地高程约20m,局部发育,形成于11.4ka;二级阶地高程约34m,形成于47.2ka;三级阶地高约50m,其基座顶面标高约41m,形成于晚更新世早期;四级阶地高程约71m,基座面标高约60m,形成于中更新世晚期。这些阶地中均以二级最为发育。晚更新世以来全区处于整体加速抬升的状态。依据阶地面的综合剖面特征,认为王五-文教断裂晚更新世以来的活动性较弱。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(2)
阶地是研究现代河谷形成发育的重要地貌标志,结合年代学研究可以为区域古环境提供丰富的构造、气候和古水文变化信息.通过古地磁、电子自旋共振、光释光及黄土-古土壤地层序列的对比,初步确定渭河上游三阳川盆地1.2Ma以来共发育和保存着13级河流阶地.阶地特征与成因分析表明,阶地是在构造抬升背景下,河流系统对轨道尺度气候变化的响应,侧蚀堆积和深切下蚀作用交替进行.阶地序列的河漫滩顶部大多对应于古土壤层发育,表明河流下切阶地形成主要发生在古土壤开始发育的冰期向间冰期过渡阶段.河流两侧阶地时空展布的差异表明,0.62Ma三阳川盆地发生了构造反转,由过去盆地的整体抬升为主逐渐转变为断陷沉降.综合流域内阶地序列的研究,表明渭河上游现代河谷的形成发育起始于早更新世晚期1.4~1.2Ma. 相似文献
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黄河中游河流阶地的对比及阶地系列形成中构造作用的多层次性分析 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
黄河在流经青藏市原东北缘海原－同以弧形构造区的过程中,发育了多达10－21组的斯座和侵蚀型阶地,其最大拔河高度为40lm,最高阶地的发育年代为1．57MaBP。通过对该区米家山、车木峡和黑山峡河口3处黄河阶地以及我国北方大范围内河流阶地的对比分析发现,河流阶地系列形成中在构造作用上具有多层次性特征,即它包含了不同范围或规模和不同级次构造隆升作用所导致的阶地。研究区的黄河阶地系列可以划分为3个层次。其中,第一层次的阶地共有6级,为我国北方大范围内同期形成的阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来青藏高原阶段性隆升的次数,其隆升幅度由西向东逐渐减小;第二层次的阶地共有5级,为海原－天景山构造区内同期发育的阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来该构造区本身自隆升的次数和幅度;第三层次阶地为发育在米家山东坡的10级不同期阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来海原构造山地独自的抬升的次数和幅度。阶地发育时间与黄土－古土壤序列的对比还表明,反映青藏高原大范围构造隆升的第一层次阶地与气候变化之间有很好的可对比性,其形成年代均与相应古土壤发育时间的间冰期对应,暗示导致河流下切的在范围构造抬升与强干冷期后同样可导致河流下切的气候暖湿期紧密相关,它们共同组成了构造－气候旋回。第二层次和第三层次阶地的形成时间与气候变化之间无统一特定的关系,显示它们的形成更主要的受控于天景山块体和海原构造带的隆升作用。因此,研究区的河流阶地主要可分为2种成因类型。一种是在大范围构造抬升和气候变化联合作用下形成的构造－气候旋回阶地,此类阶地分布范围广,具有区域间的可对比性;另一种是以局部构造抬升为主导因素形成的脉动式构造旋回阶地,此类阶地的分布受 控于活动构造带,在构造区带内自成体系,不具有区域间的可对比性。 相似文献
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河流阶地面是一种时间性、连续性非常高的层状地貌面,利用跨断层地区的河流阶地变形可以定量地判别一个地区的断层活动性。青衣江横跨龙门山断裂带南段是一条区域性大河,由于龙门山南段构造活动强烈且河流阶地被侵蚀程度严重,为了在室内更好、更快地解译青衣江河流阶地,使野外调查工作更具有针对性,本文在龙门山南段青衣江流域小关子至飞仙村一段,采用航测遥感技术制作的2m分辨率DEM和1/5万数字高程模型,基于Arc GIS和MATLAB平台进行了阶地面提取和聚类分析,以模拟野外测量阶地的流程,试图通过计算机提取,快速获取该地区更多的残余地貌面,建立起较为完整的河流阶地纵剖面。研究结果表明:野外测量数据与计算机自动提取结果相似度较高,具有较好的一致性;在完整的阶地剖面中发现了芦山盆地内部阶地具有疑似拱曲现象;在大川-双石断裂附近阶地有翘起现象,推测芦山盆地西缘阶地拱曲是由大川-双石断裂东侧的一条未知断层引起的,大川-双石断裂附近阶地的翘起现象可能是在断层逆冲推覆过程中形成的,同时结合区域年代历史数据,推测该地区(芦山盆地至大川-双石断裂)至少在晚更新世曾发生过构造活动。 相似文献
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基于DEM的阶地分析方法——以安宁河断裂紫马跨地区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河流阶地是一种最普遍的包含构造信息的地貌现象。阶地的确定与划分对于构造运动的定量研究有重要意义。文中利用数字摄影测量软件virtuoNT提取DEM,结合地貌原理,利用DEM在ARCGIS平台上建立阶地分析的处理流程,并以四川省紫马跨地区为试验区进行了阶地划分与变形分析,得到了断裂次级冲沟阶地同步位错平均约(85·4±2)m的结果,与野外检验和变形实测的结果有较好的一致性。表明利用DEM的变形阶地面提取方法具有精度高和效率高、可视化效果全面直观等特点 相似文献
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塔里木盆地新疆喀什以西部分是西南天山和帕米尔两大对冲构造系统的会聚带,关于两者变形前缘和分界的确切位置存在不同认识.在乌恰县以南的玛依卡克盆地南缘,清晰可见属于帕米尔构造带、向N或NNE逆冲的帕米尔前缘逆冲推覆体(PFT).最近野外调查在盆地北部发现了西南天山前缘的最新变形带:向南逆冲的乌拉根背斜南翼断层.断层总体近E... 相似文献
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TerEx Toolbox for semi‐automated selection of fluvial terrace and floodplain features from lidar 
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下载免费PDF全文 Terraces and floodplains are important indicators of near‐channel sediment dynamics, serving as potential sediment sources and sinks. Increasing availability of high resolution topography data over large areas calls for development of semi‐automated techniques for identification and measurement of these features. In this study we introduce a novel tool that accommodates user‐defined parameters including, a local‐relief threshold selected by a variable‐size moving window, minimum area threshold, and maximum distance from the channel to identify and map discrete terrace and floodplain surfaces. Each of the parameters can easily be calibrated for a given watershed or reach. Subsequently, the tool automatically measures planform area, absolute elevation, and height relative to the local river channel for each terrace polygon. We validate the tool in two locations where terrace maps were previously developed via manual digitization from lidar and extensive field mapping campaigns. The tool is also tested on six different types of rivers to provide examples of starting selection parameters, and to test effectiveness of the tool across a wide range of landscapes. Generally, the tool provides a high quality draft map of terrace and floodplain surfaces across the wide range of environmental conditions for which it has been tested. We find that the tool functions best in catchments where the terraces are spatially extensive, with distinct differences between the terrace and floodplain. The most challenging environments for semi‐automated terrace and floodplain mapping include steep catchments with dense riparian vegetation, and very small terraces (~10 m2 in areal extent). We then apply the tool to map terraces and floodplains in the Root River watershed, southeastern Minnesota and generate exceedance plots for terrace heights. These plots provide a first pass analysis to indicate the tributaries and reaches of the river where terraces constitute a significant source of sediment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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TERRACE DEFORMATION AND SLIP RATES OF THE DONGBIELIEKE FAULT IN WESTERN JUNGGAR BASIN SINCE THE LATE QUATERNARY 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Strike-slip fault plays an important role in the process of tectonic deformation since Cenozoic in Asia. The role of strike-slip fault in the process of mountain building and continental deformation has always been an important issue of universal concern to the earth science community. Junggar Basin is located in the hinterland of Central Asia, bordering on the north the Altay region and the Baikal rift system, which are prone to devastating earthquakes, the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Tibet Plateau on the south, and the rigid blocks, such as Erdos, the South China, the North China Plain and Amur, on the east. Affected by the effect of the Indian-Eurasian collision on the south of the basin and at the same time, driven by the southward push of the Mongolian-Siberian plate, the active structures in the periphery of the basin show a relatively strong activity. The main deformation patterns are represented by the large-scale NNW-trending right-lateral strike-slip faults dominated by right-lateral shearing, the NNE-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults dominated by left-lateral shearing, and the thrust-nappe structure systems distributed in piedmont of Tianshan in the south of the basin. There are three near-parallel-distributed left-lateral strike-slip faults in the west edge of the basin, from the east to the west, they are:the Daerbute Fault, the Toli Fault and the Dongbielieke Fault. This paper focuses on the Dongbielieke Fault in the western Junggar region. The Dongbielieke Fault is a Holocene active fault, located at the key position of the western Junggar orogenic belt. The total length of the fault is 120km, striking NE. Since the late Quaternary, the continuous activity of the Dongbielieke Fault has caused obvious left-lateral displacement at all geomorphologic units along the fault, and a linear continuous straight steep scarp was formed on the eastern side of the Tacheng Basin. According to the strike and the movement of fault, the fault can be divided into three segments, namely, the north, middle and south segment.
In order to obtain a more accurate magnitude of the left-lateral strike-slip displacement and the accumulative left-lateral strike-slip displacement of different geomorphic surfaces, we chose the Ahebiedou River in the southern segment and used the UAV to take three-dimensional photographs to obtain the digital elevation model(the accuracy is 10cm). And on this basis, the amount of left-lateral strike-slip displacement of various geological masses and geomorphic surfaces(lines)since their formation is obtained. The maximum left-lateral displacement of the terrace T5 is(30.7±2.1)m and the minimum left-lateral displacement is(20.1±1.3)m; the left-lateral displacement of the terrace T4 is(12±0.9)m, and the left-lateral displacement of the terrace T2 is(8.7±0.6)m. OSL dating samples from the surface of different level terraces(T5, T4, T2 and T1)are collected, processed and measured, and the ages of the terraces of various levels are obtained. By measuring the amount of left-lateral displacements since the Late Quaternary of the Dongbielieke Fault and combining the dating results of the various geomorphic surfaces, the displacements and slip rates of the fault on each level of the terraces since the formation of the T5 terrace are calculated. Using the maximum displacement of(30.7±2.1)m of the T5 terrace and the age of the geomorphic surface on the west bank of the river, we obtained the slip rate of(0.7±0.11)mm/a; similarly, using the minimum displacement of(20.1±1.3)m and the age of the geomorphic surface of the east bank, we obtained the slip rate of(0.46±0.07)mm/a. T5 terrace is developed on both banks of the river and on both walls of the fault. After the terraces are offset by faulting, the terraces on foot wall in the left bank of the river are far away from the river, and the erosion basically stops. After that, the river mainly cuts the terraces on the east bank. Therefore, the west bank retains a more accurate displacement of the geomorphic surface(Gold et al., 2009), so the left-lateral slip rate of the T5 terrace is taken as(0.7±0.11)mm/a. The left-lateral slip rate calculated for T4 and T2 terraces is similar, with an average value of(0.91±0.18)mm/a. In the evolution process of river terraces, the lateral erosion of high-level terrace is much larger than that of low-level terrace, so the slip rate of T4 and T2 terraces is closer to the true value. The left-lateral slip rate of the Dongbielieke Fault since the late Quaternary is(0.91±0.18)m/a. Compared with the GPS slip rate in the western Junggar area, it is considered that the NE-trending strike-slip motion in this area is dominated by the Dongbielieke Fault, which absorbs a large amount of residual deformation while maintaining a relatively high left-lateral slip rate. 相似文献
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涉县断裂为太行山隆起区内涉县盆地的控盆构造,走向由NE转为近EW向,倾向NW/N,中部在井店东被EW向断裂错断,是控制涉县盆地的一组断裂。本文采用地质地貌调查、河流阶地分析和地质测年等方法,研究了涉县断裂晚第四纪活动特征。研究发现,涉县断裂带由多组断裂构成,带宽约200m,在清漳河两侧表现为山前的陡崖地貌、基岩破碎变形带,具有正断兼走滑特征,在基岩变形带上部发育走向NNE向和NWW向次级滑动面,次级滑动面错断第四系黄土,最新活动到晚更新世;断裂在盆地区通过,地表形成低缓陡坎,断裂错断Q2-3地层,表现为上陡下缓的正断层。通过对涉县断裂两侧清漳河河流阶地、夷平面和地层年龄综合分析,估算涉县断裂晚更新世以来平均垂直滑动速率为0.06～0.08mm/a,中更新世以来平均垂直滑动速率为0.22～0.34mm/a,垂直差异活动主要发生于中更新世期间。 相似文献
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根据渭河断裂中段两侧渭河一二级阶地的高差对比,研究了近20000多年来,特别是近6000多年来渭河断裂中段的活动性,并粗略估算了断裂活动的位移幅度和位移速率。又根据断裂附近探槽揭示的古地震遗迹及历史地震、现代地震沿断裂的分布,认为渭河大断裂为近期活动较强烈的发震断裂。 相似文献
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Extracting palaeoflood data from coarse‐grained Pleistocene river terrace archives: an example from SE Spain 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Field‐based palaeoflood event reconstruction has the potential to contribute to the development of our understanding of long‐term landscape evolution. However, the reconstruction of past flow event histories (magnitude and frequency) over long‐term (Quaternary) timescales is fraught with difficulties. Here we make a preliminary exploration of some of the practicalities of flood reconstruction from fluvial terrace archives using commonly available sedimentological and geomorphological observations from a field perspective. We utilize Manning and palaeostage indicators to reconstruct historic events that can be used as benchmarks for a lesser used competence based approach, which is applied to coarse‐grained strath terrace deposits. We evaluate the results against gauged records for extreme and catastrophic events that affected the same region in 1973 and 2012. The findings suggest that the competence approach is most effectively applied to terrace deposits if the channel geometry is taken into account when sampling both in cross‐section and in longitudinal section and calibrated against the sedimentology for palaeo‐flow depth. Problems can arise where constrictive channel geometries allow boulder jams to develop, acting as sediment traps for the coarsest material and leading to downstream ‘boulder starvation’. Useful sites to target for palaeoflood reconstruction, therefore, would be upstream of such constrictive reaches where the coarsest transportable bedload has been effectively trapped. Sites to avoid would be downflow, where the deposited material would poorly represent palaeoflood competence. Underestimation from maximum boulder preservation and limited section exposure issues would appear to outweigh possible overestimation concerns related to fluid density and unsteady flow characteristics such as instantaneous acceleration forces. Flood data derived from river terrace deposits suggests that basal terrace geometries and coarse boulder lags common to many terrace sequences are likely the result of extreme flow events which are subsequently filled by lesser magnitude flood events, in this environmental setting. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献