共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
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砂土液化诱发地面侧移分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析了砂土液化诱发地面侧移的机理，提出了估计砂土液化诱发地面侧颓废不久位一种新方法。该方法是用饱和砂层中水压力的发展，在每个应力循环内对土壤的抗剪强度进行修正，然后在每个应力循环内应用Ｎｅｗｍａｒｋ刚性愉模型计算地面侧向永久位移，对比计算表明，本文提出的方法在物理机制上更加合理，计算结果与宏观震害现象十分吻合。 相似文献
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砂土液化造成了大量建筑物的破坏,但目前对砂土液化地基中地铁地下结构的地震反应研究相对较少,尤其对微倾斜液化地基中地铁地下结构地震反应的研究更为缺乏。基于有限单元法,采用已开发的砂土液化大变形动力本构模型模拟液化土层的剪切大变形,采用基于ALE(Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler)算法的有限单元网格动态自适应调整技术解决土体液化大变形发生后有限单元的畸变问题,建立了地面微倾斜液化地基中土体-地下结构非线性动力相互作用的数值分析模型,分析了地面倾角变化对地铁车站周围地基液化分布特征、车站结构周围土层侧移变形特征、地下结构上浮和应力反应的影响规律,揭示了微倾斜液化地基中地铁地下车站结构的地震反应特征。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(5)
通过现场人工激震土体液化试验,研究液化对地表地面运动的影响,以求从一个新的角度得到地表运动与液化关联性的认识。设计了受到不同震动幅值下3种不同密实度的饱和砂土样人工激震试验,得到了其液化水平与地表加速度的关系以及液化对地表运动的影响规律,试验结果表明:荷载较小不足以使砂土发生完全液化时,砂土相对密度对孔压上升极限值起控制作用;荷载能使砂土液化时,砂土相对密度对孔压上升速率起控制作用,其中密实砂土最为敏感;以孔压比作为液化水平特征量,液化土体开始影响土表加速度的孔压比门槛值在0.3左右,液化土体削减地表加速度的孔压比在0.3~0.7之间,该值与饱和砂土的相对密度正相关、与荷载幅值负相关,而液化土体显著影响地表加速度的孔压比在0.7以上。 相似文献
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主震结束后,余震引起的再液化会对土工结构物带来进一步的严重灾害。以人工岛为研究对象,基于FE-FD耦合有限元方法,考虑有无余震、不同余震大小和主余震不同时间间隔因素,探讨对人工岛再液化灾害的影响规律。研究结果表明:主震结束后,随着超孔隙水压力的消散,人工岛砂土层液化区域逐渐减小,余震发生时液化区域又开始扩展,甚至可能大于主震结束时的液化区域面积,且其灾害程度比无余震发生时的要大得多;随着主、余震的时间间隔增加,间隔期的土层固结排水很大程度地提高人工岛的抗再液化能力,当超孔隙水压力消散完后,在相同余震等级情况下很难再次达到完全液化;随着余震峰值加速度的增加,人工岛的沉降量和水平侧移量都随之增加,再次液化时间点会向前提前数秒,主震结束后,随着土层的固结排水,人工岛的沉降会继续增加,甚至超过主震引起的沉降量,而水平侧移的产生主要发生在地震液化过程中,在后续的固结排水中几乎不变;余震发生前,如果人工岛的砂土土层仍处于液化状态,则液化层可能会起到隔震作用,减轻余震对岛体造成的灾害。 相似文献
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地震砂土液化是研究历史地震和古地震的重要手段,其结果对评价一个地区的地震危险性有重要意义。通过对陕西咸阳黄家沟、长兴村砂土液化平面和剖面特征的调查,明确了该地区砂土液化为地震诱发产生。对上述两地砂土液化所穿过的文化层进行考古鉴定,综合分析认为砂土液化形成于明朝时期,对应的地震可能是1556年华县8?级地震、1568年西安东北6?级地震或1487年临潼6?级地震。依据在渭河盆地发现的其他砂土液化,对其有争议的公元前780年岐山≥7级地震和公元600年秦陇6~7级地震的震中和震级进行讨论,认为公元前780年地震的震级定为8级有待更多的证据,公元600年秦陇地震震中应不在西安附近。这一结论为渭河盆地几条主要活动断裂的地震危险性评价提供了新的旁证资料。 相似文献
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为了将液化侧移计算方法本土化,本文基于Youd等人收集的液化侧移数据库,采用擅长处理复杂参数维度问题的多元自适应样条回归法（MARS）建立液化侧移计算模型。经验证,该方法建立的模型精度和可靠性都可以通过检验。本文主要内容包括：（1）在本土化过程中,本文选取峰值加速度PGA作为地震动参数,替代现有模型中的M和R,计算结果并未影响液化侧移计算精度;（2）在MARS方法进行建模过程中,对临空和缓坡两种情况的影响因素进行重要性程度计算和筛选;（3）建立两种情况下的液化侧移计算模型,并用F检验法和t检验以及新西兰2010—2011年系列地震中液化侧移数据进行检验,证明本文方法的合理性和可靠性。本文的结果能满足我国相关规范、工程师以及岩土地震工程防灾减灾等方面的需求,还可为地震液化侧移灾害小区划提供理论基础。 相似文献
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唐山地震地面破坏具有范围广、震害分区性强、类型多样、工业工程破坏效应突出、与地震构造相关、地面垂直形变幅度大等特征。其成因与主震强、余震多、地面效应相互叠加;地质地貌条件复杂和工业发达有关。震区出现地震断层、地裂缝、崩塌、滚石、滑坡、流滑、地震陷坑和砂土液化等地面破坏现象。以路堤、土坝、河岸开裂或滑坡,地面和矿碴堆流滑、砂土液化等危害最大。 相似文献
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液化判别的可靠性研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本文根据收集到的30次地震800余例砂土和粉土液化调查资料,采用优化方法建立和改进了砂土和粉土的液化判别式,其中包括应力比比值法、能量法、规范法和简化应力比比值法的液化判别式。文中首次提出液化判别可信度的概念,指出可信度与回判成功率的区别,说明可信度能更恰当地度量液化判别结果的可靠性。文中应用信息熵理论,提出综合评价液化判别式好坏程度的定量指标。应用上述方法研究优化后的液化判别式可靠性发现,它们对砂土液化判别的适用性是好的,对粉土液化判别的适用性是理想的。但应指出,当以烈度表示地震作用强度时,规范法的适用性是好的,并对10—15m深的砂土或粉土的液化判别也是适用的;当以加速度表示地震作用强度时,用规范法判别液化则遇到了困难。本文引进模糊烈度概念,修改了规范法。修改后的规范法能强好地适用于已知地面加速度情况下的液化判别。 一个场址所受到的地震作用强度可用烈度、地面加速度、震级和震中距等指标表示。本文给出的几种液化判别方法分别适用于上述不同情况。 相似文献
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In the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquakes widespread liquefaction occurred over nearly half of the urban area of Christchurch. The most severe damage to buildings and infrastructure was often associated with lateral spreading and consequent large ground distortion and permanent ground displacements. This paper presents analysis, results and interpretation of lateral spreads using measurements from detailed ground surveying at a large number of locations along the Avon River. Classification of lateral spreads based on the magnitude and spatial distribution of permanent ground displacements is first presented, and then key characteristics of soil layers and ground conditions associated with different classes of lateral spreads are identified and discussed. Evidence of both global effects from topographic features and local effects related to density, thickness and continuity of critical layers is presented highlighting the need for a systematic approach in the engineering evaluation of lateral spreading in which particular attention is given to key factors governing lateral spreading. 相似文献
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Nadarajah Ravichandran Brian Machmer Hadakopan Krishnapillai Kimiro Meguro 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010
Liquefaction induced damage to the built environment is one of the major causes of damage in an earthquake. Since Niigata earthquake in 1964, it has been popularly recognized that the liquefaction induced ground failures caused severe damage in various forms such as sand boiling, ground settlement, lateral spreading, landslide, etc. Since then, understanding the mechanism of liquefaction phenomena became very important to take measures against the liquefaction induced ground failures. To understand the mechanism of liquefaction, it is important to consider the soil as an assemblage of particles. A continuum approach may fail to explain some of the phenomena associated with liquefaction. Discrete approach, such as distinct/discrete element method (DEM), is an effective method that can simulate the mechanism of liquefaction and associated phenomena well at the microscopic level. 相似文献
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S. Toprak E. Nacaroglu A. C. Koc T. D. O’Rourke M. Hamada M. Cubrinovski S. Van Ballegooy 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(10):4497-4514
Recent earthquakes show that pipeline damage is severe in the areas where permanent ground deformations (e.g., liquefaction zones) occur. Ground movement hazard to pipeline systems can be assessed by using ground displacement measurements around the location of pipelines. There are many different ways of measuring ground displacements after an earthquake occur. This paper compares displacements measured in Avonside area, Christchurch, NZ, by using four different ways with respect to their effects on pipeline damage assessments. They are air photo, satellite, high resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) surveys data presented at 4- and 56-m grids acquired before and after the Mw6.2 22 February 2011 earthquake. Avonside area was in the liquefaction zones of the 22 February 2011 earthquake. Where possible, benchmark measurements were also included in the comparisons. In this study, the focus was on asbestos cement and cast iron water pipelines as the length of the pipelines and the number of damages in the study area was much higher compared to other pipe materials, providing sufficient repair rate data passing the screening criteria to develop linear regressions. The correlations between pipeline damage and lateral ground strains were developed by calculating the horizontal strains from these four different type displacements. The comparisons show that satellite imagery is good for estimating total movements but not so good for estimating lateral strains and conversely LiDAR surveys are not so good for estimating total movements, but much better for estimating lateral strains. Hence, pipeline damage correlations with LiDAR calculated strains provide higher determination coefficient (r2) value. The results of comparisons are presented and discussed. 相似文献
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近岸水平场地液化侧向大变形机理及软化模量分析方法 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文依据震害现象和实验探讨近岸水平场地地面液化侧向大变形机理，改进现有软化模量分析技术，给出一套地面液化侧向大变形的分析方法。近岸水平场地侧向大变形机理因地基中孔隙水压力升高、土体模量衰减、土骨架变软使偏应变得到充分发展所致，其水平永久侧移可用从底部到顶部呈增加形式的整体变形描述。利用本文方法，对1995年阪神地震中近岸沉箱岸壁和土体液化侧向大变形进行了数值模拟，结果与震后实测结果和试验结果在主要特征上一致，说明改进的软化模量法可以用于地面液化侧向大变形的分析。 相似文献
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Numerical simulations of shake-table experiment for dynamic soil-pile-structure interaction in liquefiable soils 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
A shake-table experiment on pile foundations in liquefi able soils composed of liquefi able sand and overlying soft clay is studied. A three-dimensional(3D) effective stress fi nite element(FE) analysis is employed to simulate the experiment. A recently developed multi-surface elasto-plastic constitutive model and a fully coupled dynamic inelastic FE formulation(u-p) are used to model the liquefaction behavior of the sand. The soil domains are discretized using a solid-fl uid fully coupled(u-p) 20-8 noded brick element. The pile is simulated using beam-column elements. Upon careful calibration, very good agreement is obtained between the computed and the measured dynamic behavior of the ground and the pile. A parametric analysis is also conducted on the model to investigate the effect of pile-pinning, pile diameter, pile stiffness, ground inclination angle, superstructure mass and pile head restraints on the ground improvement. It is found that the pile foundation has a noticeable pinning effect that reduces the lateral soil displacement. It is observed that a larger pile diameter and fi xed pile head restraints contribute to decreasing the lateral pile deformation; however, a higher ground inclination angle tends to increase the lateral pile head displacements and pile stiffness, and superstructure mass seems to effectively infl uence the lateral pile displacements. 相似文献
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近岸水平场地液化侧向大变形影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用改进的软化模量分析方法,对近岸水平场地液化侧向大变形进行数值计算,以研究地震波波形和幅值大小、液化、竖向地震动对侧向大变形的影响。结果表明:不同的地震波作用下,即使峰值加速度相同,液化程度与侧移距离也可能有较大不同,表现了土体变形的强非线性性质,但大地震下液化导致的侧移几乎都在米的量级上;计算区域中无液化区时,岸壁侧向永久位移很小,在几公分左右,随水平峰值加速度及不同地震动输入改变不大;计算区域中有液化区时,岸壁侧向永久位移显著增大,且随输入水平峰值加速度的增大而明显增大,其机理是强地震动使液化范围加大;水平竖向两向地震动输入与单独水平地震动输入相比,前者场地液化范围增大,平均增大42%,侧移量增加,平均增加37%。 相似文献
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Estimation of residual shear strength ratios of liquefied soil deposits from shear wave velocity 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Pelinzener 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2012,11(4):461-484
For sites susceptible to liquefaction induced lateral spreading during a probable earthquake, geotechnical engineers often need to know the undrained residual shear strength of the liquefied soil deposit to estimate lateral spreading displacements, and the forces acting on the piles from the liquefied soils in order to perform post liquefaction stability analyses. The most commonly used methods to estimate the undrained residual shear strength (Sur) of liquefied sand deposits are based on the correlations determined from liquefaction induced flow failures with SPT and CPT data. In this study, 44 lateral spread case histories are analyzed and a new relationship based on only lateral spread case histories is recommended, which estimates the residual shear strength ratio of the liquefiable soil layer from normalized shear wave velocity. The new proposed method is also utilized to estimate the residual lateral displacement of an example bridge problem in an area susceptible to lateral spreading in order to provide insight into how the proposed relationship can be used in geotechnical engineering practice. 相似文献
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To understand the post-liquefaction behavior of liquefied ground, it is important to get a better understanding and a more suitable characterization of the variation of excess pore pressure after liquefaction. In this paper, the soil permeability is considered as one of the key soil parameters for clarifying the mechanism of post-liquefaction behavior of liquefied ground. For this reason, a series of shaking table tests were conducted for a Toyoura sand deposit with different soil permeability values. Polymer fluid was used in model tests to vary the permeability of sand deposits. Excess pore pressures and settlements were measured in each test. A basic mechanism in post-liquefaction behavior and the solidification phenomenon after liquefaction were discussed based on these test results. Also, a new method for predicting the dissipation of excess pore pressure was developed. This study provides evidence of the important effect of soil permeability on the velocity with which the solidification front moves upward in liquefied ground. It is suggested that the value of coefficient of permeability of liquefied sand can increase to about 4.0 times the initial value. This variation of permeability after liquefaction should be taken into account in post-liquefaction analysis. 相似文献