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1.
玛湖凹陷砾岩储层岩性、孔隙结构复杂，造成储层流体识别困难.通过区块原油样品获取原油不同温度下的体弛豫特征，并利用两种不同体弛豫特征的模拟油样开展实验；在此基础上，选取了部分砾岩样品通过真空加压饱和水、高速离心和真空饱和模拟油的方法快速建立了饱和水、束缚水和饱和油状态，进行流体及模拟不同油水饱和状态的核磁实验分析.实验结果表明：岩心饱和水核磁T2谱的分布范围主要受表面弛豫影响，受油相体弛豫性质的影响，不同黏度油样饱和水状态的核磁谱均与饱和水核磁谱存在差异，就本次实验的岩心样品，油样越稀，差异越明显；含油核磁谱分布形态受油相体弛豫、表面弛豫、孔隙结构和润湿性的综合影响.结合油样的体弛豫特性，利用多组分高斯拟合对两种油样饱和的砾岩核磁T2谱进行了分析，尝试对油相体弛豫信号进行了定量评价. 相似文献
2.
将岩石孔隙归结为由毛细管和球形孔组成的孔隙系统,提出孔隙球管孔隙模型. 岩石孔隙按大小分组后,每一组孔隙的氢核弛豫时间可以用球管孔隙模型计算. 将此弛豫时间作为反演T2分布的时间控制点,反演岩芯的核磁共振弛豫信号. 研究表明, T2分布与特定的孔隙结构相联系. 使用不同结构的球管孔隙模型,可以使反演T2分布最大限度地拟合弛豫信号,此时的球管模型以最近似的方式模拟了岩芯的孔隙结构. 使用球管模型对实验室核磁共振资料进行了处理,对比压汞分析得到毛管力分布数据,结果证明球管孔隙模型描述了岩石孔隙的弛豫特征,而且,岩石特定孔隙结构的弛豫特征与孔隙流体有关. 相似文献
3.
利用核磁共振技术对致密砂岩储层岩心流体参数进行研究,简述致密砂岩储层流体参数核磁共振测量原理及计算岩心流体参数方法。实验确定了岩心流体动用参数T2截止值方法,进行了可动流体致密砂岩储层分类评价研究。油田矿场核磁共振测量岩心含油饱和度、可动流体饱和度,并对可动流体饱和度、含油饱和度识别油水层方法进行研究。表明:实验测定红河区块岩心T2截止值为4.06ms,利用致密砂岩储层岩心可动流体等级划分标准,对致密砂岩储层岩心单井及不同层位、多井之间进行储层比较分类评价。油田矿场核磁共振技术测量计算的含油饱和度结果与常规方法测量的含油饱和度结果对比,表明油田矿场核磁测量含油饱和度是可行且可靠的。岩心含油饱和度与可动流体饱和度比值大小可识别油水层。 相似文献
4.
研究温度如何影响流体以及在孔隙介质中的弛豫时间对准确利用井下高温核磁共振数据进行原油黏度评价、储层物性评价等十分必要．对于自由状态液体,在不含顺磁性物质时其弛豫机制主要来自于分子内核自旋间的偶极-偶极相互作用,本文概述了由这种相互作用导出的自由流体弛豫BPP理论,总结归纳了依据BPP理论建立的原油弛豫时间与黏度、温度相关的经验模型;当原油中含有沥青时,由于沥青基团内包含顺磁离子,弛豫机制发生转变,基于此本文分析了含沥青原油弛豫机理以及核磁共振随温度变化的响应特征．在表面含微量顺磁离子的孔隙介质中,表面弛豫一般主导核磁共振响应,本文详细介绍了表面弛豫理论发展历程以及各类理论在温度影响表面弛豫方面给出的不同观点,特别是基于Korb模型具体分析了不同类型流体在玻璃珠表面弛豫时间具有不同温度特性的原因．此外对于具有多种造岩矿物和复杂孔隙结构的岩石孔隙,弛豫受温度影响机制复杂,本文概述了岩石孔隙流体弛豫时间受温度影响的实验探索进展并指明其中存在的问题,展望了未来的发展方向． 相似文献
5.
本文运用随机游走方法模拟了砂岩储层中流体的核磁共振(NMR)响应及其受限扩散现象.通过改变数字岩心的分辨率模拟生成不同孔隙尺寸的砂岩,研究了不同孔隙尺寸砂岩饱含水时流体扩散系数随扩散时间的变化关系,同时模拟了砂岩饱和单相流体和两相流体的NMR响应;研究了流体的受限扩散系数与横向弛豫时间T2的关系,分析了表面弛豫率和胶结指数对润湿相流体受限扩散系数线位置的影响,并将其用于解释砂岩储层的D-T2分布.结果表明:孔隙流体的扩散系数会随扩散时间的增加而逐渐减小并趋于定值.随着岩石孔隙尺寸的减小,受限扩散现象越明显,受限扩散对岩石NMR响应的影响也越大.润湿相流体受限扩散系数线的位置受岩石胶结指数和表面弛豫率的影响较大.由于润湿相流体扩散系数减小,导致D-T2分布中润湿相流体信号偏离其自由扩散系数线,需要利用流体的受限扩散系数线准确识别D-T2分布中的润湿相流体. 相似文献
6.
油水饱和泥质砂岩中流动电位的研究对于揭示含油储层震电勘探和动电测井的机理有着重要的意义.本文首先从岩石孔隙的微观结构出发,构造了描述水润湿条件下油水饱和泥质砂岩储层的毛管模型.在模型中依据油水流动遵守的Navier-Stokes方程和电化学传质动力学理论,建立了描述油水饱和泥质砂岩流动电位的数学方程,并数学模拟了岩石储渗参数对流动电位频散特性的影响规律.研究结果表明:储层孔隙内流体受到的粘滞力与惯性力控制着水相和油相的流动,从而决定了流动电位的频散特性.随着孔隙度的增大,油水两相各自的有效渗透率均增大;而含水饱和度的升高使得水相有效渗透率增大,油相有效渗透率减小.在水润湿条件下,流动电位耦合系数随含水饱和度升高而增大,随束缚水饱和度的升高而减小.另外,流动电位相对耦合系数也随含水饱和度的升高而增大,但无频散现象. 相似文献
7.
《地球物理学进展》2015,(4)
核磁共振(NMR)在储层孔隙结构评价和孔隙度计算方面具有明显的优势,但是在某些火成岩地层核磁共振孔隙度比实际孔隙度偏低,这就限制了核磁共振测井在该类储层的应用.针对这一问题,首先开展了核磁共振的弛豫机理研究,从理论上分析了磁化率引起的附加内部磁场梯度是核磁共振孔隙度偏小的主要原因.然后,模拟了不同磁化率、含不同流体岩石以及不同回波间隔的核磁共振横向弛豫时间(T2)分布,分析了磁化率对核磁共振孔隙度的影响.模拟结果表明,对同一流体的孔隙模型来说,磁化率越大,其引起的扩散弛豫在总弛豫中的比重越大,T2分布前移也越明显,计算的孔隙度就越小.此外,岩心实验也证明磁化率核磁共振的影响较大.此项研究剖析了火成岩核磁共振影响因素,为该类储层的核磁共振测井解释提供了依据. 相似文献
8.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(2)
特低渗储层油水分布关系复杂、微观孔喉网络分布模式及油水微观渗流机理复杂多变、水驱效率低、开发矛盾突出.可动流体饱和度是精细评价特低渗储层的关键因素,因此,利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射、常规压汞、恒速压汞、核磁共振等实验手段,研究分析甘谷驿油田长6储层可动流体饱和度的分布特征及主控因素.结果表明:研究区长6储层的可动流体饱和度偏小,平均值为37.42%.微观孔隙结构是控制可动流体饱和度大小的主要因素,粘土矿物次之,储层物性的影响最弱.渗透率对可动流体饱和度的敏感性显著强于孔隙度.孔隙连通性好,孔喉比小,喉道半径粗、残余粒间孔保存较好、次生孔隙发育,粘土矿物含量小,可动流体饱和度相对较高.粒间孔的剩余程度、溶孔及喉道的发育程度等对储层的好坏及可动流体饱和度的大小具有至关重要的作用.孔隙特征参数中,喉道半径,孔隙半径,孔喉比、单位体积总有效孔喉体积与可动流体饱和度的关系更为密切. 相似文献
9.
随着石油勘探开发领域的不断扩大,某些复杂油气藏尤其是致密油气的岩石物理响应,受岩石润湿性变化的影响越来越明显,影响油气藏的评价以及后续勘探开发,识别和评价岩石润湿性成为重要的研究课题.核磁共振弛豫可以有效表征多孔介质孔隙及其流体分布,特别是通过T1-T2弛豫图谱能够获得流体分子与孔隙表面相互作用的信息,进而为孔隙表面润湿性质的判断提供了可能性.本文首先讨论了T1-T2弛豫谱表征孔隙介质润湿强度的理论基础,然后,采用一阶近似方法对孔隙表面流体分子的核磁共振弛豫分布进行正演模拟,建立T1/T2比值法判别孔隙介质润湿性的基本方法.最后,选取玻璃珠和天然砂岩样品进行初步实验,验证方法的合理性.结果表明,当岩石饱和双相流体时,润湿相流体T1/T2值高于非润湿相流体,通过观察不同饱和度状态T1-T2二维图谱的变化,能够判断岩石的润湿性.本文的理论分析与初步实验结果为岩石润湿性研究提供了新的手段,对核磁共振测井探测储层润湿性也具有一定的应用价值. 相似文献
10.
油藏岩石的孔隙连通性是反映流体渗流难易程度的重要参数,对渗透率、有效孔隙度等岩石物理参数的评价具有重要作用.连通的孔隙中,核磁共振(NMR)弛豫的交换会产生扩散耦合现象,可作为孔隙连通性的表征和探测方法.本文提出利用横向弛豫T 2-T 2脉冲序列测量岩石的扩散耦合现象.运用随机游走方法模拟多孔岩石的核磁共振响应特征,分析扩散耦合的影响因素,推导表征扩散耦合强度的弛豫交换速率计算公式.结果表明:孔隙间的扩散耦合强度与T 2-T 2脉冲序列的混合时间呈正相关性,基于双孔弛豫交换模型推导的弛豫交换速率计算公式能够准确表征双尺度孔隙系统的扩散耦合强度.在孔隙尺寸不满足快扩散条件时,会出现与扩散耦合无关的非对角峰信号.针对含多类型孔隙的碳酸盐岩模型,随混合时间的增加,扩散耦合强度变大,一维T 2谱的形态畸变程度加重,在T 2-T 2二维谱中,代表微裂缝、粒间小孔、溶蚀大孔的信号能量变化趋势不同,反映不同类型孔隙间的连通性存在差异.本文的分析与讨论丰富了核磁共振弛豫在岩石物理性质评价中的应用方向,对利用核磁共振评价复杂孔隙岩石的孔隙结构和连通性提供了新思路和新方法. 相似文献
11.
中国西部某盆地致密油储层孔隙结构差,而核磁共振测井T2谱宽,其复杂的核磁测井响应认识不清,且响应机理也不明确.本文基于致密油储层的特性,通过对三组岩样不同系列的实验测量,包括核磁共振、毛管压力曲线、X衍射矿物分析和润湿性实验,主要研究了碳酸盐岩矿物含量对T2谱的影响和由润湿性引起的T2弛豫机制.根据实验结果分析和讨论,明确了致密油岩石核磁共振响应的影响因素及孔隙流体的弛豫机制.综合分析认为,所述的核磁测井响应特征是由两方面因素综合作用的结果,一是水的T2信号主要取决于表面弛豫,低表面弛豫率的碳酸盐岩矿物导致水的T2信号的长弛豫分量增多;二是由于岩石亲油孔隙表面的存在且其弛豫率低于亲水孔隙表面的弛豫率,使得油的T2信号由表面弛豫和体弛豫贡献. 相似文献
12.
岩石的地震波性质是区域构造研究和浅部地震勘探应用的基础.延长油田是我国重要的油气生产基地之一,但目前仍缺乏地震波性质方面的基础资料.作者利用Autolab2000多功能岩石物性自动测试设备,在0~180MPa及饱含不同孔隙流体(干燥、饱水及饱油)条件下,研究了三种来自延长油田砂岩岩芯的纵波、横波速度.结果表明:三种砂岩的Vp、Vs1和Vs2均随压力增加(或降低)而基本呈对数曲线增大(或减小);干燥、饱水和饱油三种波速间的关系因砂岩类型不同而不同,这主要取决于岩石的有效弹性模量、孔隙流体性质以及岩石的内部结构等;含同种孔隙流体的不同类型砂岩,其Vp、Vs1和Vs2随压力变化的规律主要受岩石孔隙度和粒度的影响;而含不同孔隙流体的同种砂岩,其Vp、Vs1和Vs2随压力变化的规律则主要受控于岩石的有效弹性模量和流体密度.另外,含水或含油饱和度的变化对Vs1和Vs2基本没有影响.实验结果可以为该地区地震资料的解释及与声波测井之间的对比提供重要的基础数据和参考依据. 相似文献
13.
Microscopic fluid distribution can have a significant effect on the dielectric properties of partially saturated rocks. Evidence of this effect is found in the laboratory data presented by Knight and Nur in which different methods for controlling saturation produced very different results for the dependence of the dielectric response on water saturation. In this study, previously derived models for the dielectric response of a heterogeneous medium are generalized and the case of a pore space occupied by multiple pore fluids is considered. By using various geometrical distributions of water and gas, it is observed that both the pore geometry in which saturation conditions are changing and the gas–water geometry within a given pore space are critical factors in determining the effective dielectric response of a partially saturated rock. As an example, data for a tight gas sandstone undergoing a cycle of imbibition and drying are analysed. Previous research has demonstrated that significantly different microscopic fluid distributions result from the application of these two techniques to control the level of water saturation. By approximating these microscopic fluid distributions using simple geometrical models, good agreement is found between experimental data and calculated dielectric properties. 相似文献
14.
页岩气在储层中主要以游离气和吸附气的形式存在,其含气量主要通过现场解吸和测井方法计算.由于页岩储层十分致密,并且常伴有微裂缝发育,这就造成了页岩储层的储集空间从纳米级孔隙到微米-毫米级的微裂缝并存的特殊情况.针对微孔和介孔段(50nm以内)的等温吸附方法,以及针对宏孔(50nm以上)的高压压汞方法在表征页岩孔隙结构上都存在着局限性.而核磁(NMR)T2分布本身虽然能够表征孔径分布,但是需要精确刻度横向弛豫时间与孔径的关系.本文在现有方法的基础上,结合上述方法的优势,采用拼接的方式表征页岩整体孔径分布,并将核磁T2分布刻度为孔径分布.基于横向弛豫时间和孔径的关系,结合T2-I转换模型,采用动态参数计算页岩储层含水饱和度和含气量,这为页岩储层含气量评价提供了新的可靠的方法. 相似文献
15.
Flow of nonvolatile nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) and aqueous phases that account for mobile, entrapped, and residual NAPL in variably saturated water-wet porous media is modeled and compared against results from detailed laboratory experiments. Residual saturation formation in the vadose zone is a process that is often ignored in multifluid flow simulators, which might cause an overestimation of the volume of NAPL that reaches the ground water. Mobile NAPL is defined as being continuous in the pore space and flows under a pressure gradient or gravitational body force. Entrapped NAPL is defined as being occluded by the aqueous phase, occurring as immobile ganglia surrounded by aqueous phase in the pore space and formed when NAPL is replaced by the aqueous phase. Residual NAPL is defined as immobile, nonwater entrapped NAPL that does not drain from the pore spaces and is conceptualized as being either continuous or discontinuous. Free NAPL comprises mobile and residual NAPL. The numerical model is formulated on mass conservation equations for oil and water, transported via NAPL and aqueous phases through variably saturated porous media. To account for phase transitions, a primary variable switching scheme is implemented for the oil-mass conservation equation over three phase conditions: (1) aqueous or aqueous-gas with dissolved oil, (2) aqueous or aqueous-gas with entrapped NAPL, and (3) aqueous or aqueous gas with free NAPL. Two laboratory-scale column experiments are modeled to verify the numerical model. Comparisons between the numerical simulations and experiments demonstrate the necessity to include the residual NAPL formation process in multifluid flow simulators. 相似文献
16.
The acoustic wave velocity varies with fluid saturation and pore-fluid distribution. We use a P-wave source and the staggered grid finite-difference method, with second-order accuracy in time and eighth-order accuracy in space, to simulate the acoustic wave field in a fractured medium that is saturated with a two-phase pore fluid (gas & water). Further, we analyze the variation of acoustic wave velocity with saturation for different pore-fluid distribution modes. The numerical simulation method is simple and yields accurate results. 相似文献
17.
A pore‐scale model based on measured particle size distributions has been used to quantify the changes in pore space geometry of packed soil columns resulting from a dilution in electrolyte concentration from 500 to 1 mmol l?1 NaCl during leaching. This was applied to examine the effects of particle release and re‐deposition on pore structure and hydraulic properties. Two different soils, an agricultural soil and a mining residue, were investigated with respect to the change in hydraulic properties. The mining residue was much more affected by this process with the water saturated hydraulic conductivity decreasing to 0·4% of the initial value and the air‐entry value changing from 20 to 50 cm. For agricultural soil, there was little detectable shift in the water retention curve but the saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased to 8·5% of the initial value. This was attributed to localized pore clogging (similar to a surface seal) affecting hydraulic conductivity, but not the microscopically measured pore‐size distribution or water retention. We modelled the soil structure at the pore scale to explain the different responses of the two soils to the experimental conditions. The size of the pores was determined as a function of deposited clay particles. The modal pore size of the agricultural soil as indicated by the constant water retention curve was 45 µm and was not affected by the leaching process. In the case of the mining residue, the mode changed from 75 to 45 µm. This reduction of pore size corresponds to an increase of capillary forces that is related to the measured shift of the water retention curve. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Wave-induced flow is observed as the dominated factor for P wave propagation at seismic frequencies. This mechanism has a mesoscopic scale nature. The inhomogeneous unsaturated patches are regarded larger than the pore size, but smaller than the wavelength. Surface wave, e.g., Rayleigh wave, which propagates along the free surface, generated by the interfering of body waves is also affected by the mesoscopic loss mechanisms. Recent studies have reported that the effect of the wave-induced flow in wave propagation shows a relaxation behavior. Viscoelastic equivalent relaxation function associated with the wave mode can describe the kinetic nature of the attenuation. In this paper, the equivalent viscoelastic relaxation functions are extended to take into account the free surface for the Rayleigh surface wave propagation in patchy saturated poroelastic media. Numerical results for the frequency-dependent velocity and attenuation and the time-dependent dynamical responses for the equivalent Rayleigh surface wave propagation along an interface between vacuum and patchy saturated porous media are reported in the low-frequency range (0.1–1,000 Hz). The results show that the dispersion and attenuation and kinetic characteristics of the mesoscopic loss effect for the surface wave can be effectively represented in the equivalent viscoelastic media. The simulation of surface wave propagation within mesoscopic patches requires solving Biot’s differential equations in very small grid spaces, involving the conversion of the fast P wave energy diffusion into the Biot slow wave. This procedure requires a very large amount of computer consumption. An efficient equivalent approach for this patchy saturated poroelastic media shows a more convenient way to solve the single phase viscoelastic differential equations. 相似文献
19.
2010年8月至2015年12月,福建仙游地区发生了一系列小震群活动。基于孔隙压力扩散机制对精定位的小震数据进行分析,结果显示仙游震群序列在空间上呈丛集分布,且具有明显的分区现象,发震时间受金钟水库水位变化的调制作用较为明显。5个分区（A—E）的流体孔隙压力扩散系数分别为0.04,0.08,0.07,0.12和0.05 m2/s,伴随着地震活动性由强至弱,孔隙压扩散系数呈先增后减的变化规律。仙游震群位于断裂构造发育区内,震中分布优势方向与石苍断裂一致,沿着断裂走向的孔隙压扩散系数最大,说明地下流体沿狭长的石苍断裂由NW向NE活动。各分区的流体孔隙压系数与扩散最大距离、最大诱发地震震级及地震释放能量均有较好的相关性。此外,当金钟水库水位下降时,各分区的扩散距离r呈现减小趋势,震群范围收缩,地震频次增加,并伴有较大震级的地震,说明水位下降时,流体孔隙压力的扩散作用在同一地点反复作用,使得触发源附近区域的应力水平更容易达到饱和或临界状态,进而触发较大震级的地震,这也解释了水位下降过程中地震更为强烈的原因。 相似文献