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城市地震应急避难场所展示系统的设计与实现 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
针对城市应急避难场所信息化建设过程中存在的问题,以天津市地震应急避难场所的实际情况为数据基础,开发了基于Google地图API技术的城市地震应急避难场所展示系统。该系统实现了应急避难场所信息查询、地图量测、避难场所最优路径和应急避险科普宣传等公共服务功能。系统的设计与实现不仅有利于城市居民及时方便准确地获取居住地周围地震应急避难场所空间分布信息和应急避险等知识,同时在城市突发灾害后的抢险救灾、疏散及安置居民等方面起到重要作用。 相似文献
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纵观社会发展的历史,人类总是与各种灾害相伴相随。从某种意义来说,灾害是促使人类社会发展的因素之一。人类不断应对各种灾害的过程,也是社会发展的过程。面对各种灾害,人类从被动接受,到积极防御,再到法制管理,经历了一个漫长的过程,也因此体现了人类文明不断进步。人们对2003年发生的非典型肺炎疫情至今记忆犹新。这场突如其来的灾难使我国政府接受了一场考验。在应对这场突发公共事件的过程中,《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》的制定引起了全社会的高度关注。2003年4月14日,国务院常务会议作出了制定《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》的决定,5… 相似文献
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合理的规划和建设城市应急避难场所可以增强城市抗灾能力,提高城市灾害韧性,降低灾害带来的人员伤亡和财产损失。在对兰州市应急避难场所的建设现状进行详细调研的基础上,利用ANP-SWOT模型对其发展规划进行分析。首先运用SWOT分析方法确定兰州市应急避难场所未来发展的内部优势和劣势、外部机会和威胁;其次运用ANP分析法构建兰州市应急避难场所发展规划的网络层次结构,结合专家咨询,通过赋值和对比分析确定最佳发展策略。结果显示,分布不均、数量不足、尚未形成专门的应急预案是制约兰州市应急避难场所发展的关键问题;最佳发展策略是加快推进兰州市应急避难场所的标准化规范化。 相似文献
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地震是具有毁坏性的自然灾害,对于震后严重受损的地区,设计合理的应急避难场所是非常必要的,为此提出基于微粒群算法对城乡应急避难场所规划的研究。将退火算法的微粒群理论与城乡地区应急避难场所规划相结合,在约束条件较多的情况下,将应急避难场所视为一个粒子,对应急避难场所规划创建目标函数,从而实现对城乡住区应急避难场所的规模规划设计;其次设计应急场所的内容与位置模型,集合城乡需求点布局的影响因素,修建不同的应急场所设施点,并以覆盖全部需求点为目标,实现应急避难场所的整体规划。通过仿真实验证明,所提微粒群算法具有较好的规划效率,可保证规划后的城乡住区在受到地震侵害后,受灾人群有即时的可避难场所,为人们的震后生活提供帮助。 相似文献
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地震应急避难场所是增强现代化城市防震减灾能力，保障城市安全的一项重要举措，对应急避难场所进行适宜性评价，有利于更好地发挥应急避难服务功能，提高避难成功率，减轻灾害损失。本文利用熵值权重与灰色关联分析相结合的评价模型和GIS空间分析方法，以构建的应急避难场所适宜性评价指标体系为研究基础，对天津市中心城区地震应急避难场所进行适宜性评价。评价结果给出了各避难场所适宜等级，检验了场所的避难服务功能，为避难场所空间分布合理性提出建议，对增强城市应急避难场所规划、建设合理性及提高应急处理能力具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(12)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(9)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in 相似文献
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In natural waters arsenic concentrations up to a few milligrams per litre were measured. The natural content of arsenic found in soils varies between 0.01 mg/kg and a few hundred milligrams per kilogram. Anthropogenic sources of arsenic in the environment are the smelting of ores, the burning of coal, and the use of arsenic compounds in many products and production processes in the past. A lot of arsenic compounds are toxic and cause acute and chronic poisoning. In aqueous environment the inorganic arsenic species arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) are the most abundant species. The mobility of these species is influenced by the pH value, the redox potential, and the presence of adsorbents such as oxides and hydroxides of Fe(III), Al(III), Mn(III/IV), humic substances, and clay minerals. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献