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为了对复杂地质体实现精确的偏移归位,在使用相移与相移插值方法时,成像质量和计算效率这两个因素是我们必须考虑的。为此针对实际中遇到的各种问题,对相移及相移插值方法进行了如下技术上的改进:讨论空间域内的动态边界吸收法;首次提出波数域滤波方法,这两种方法有效克服了端点效应并使计算效率显著提高;阐述小速度偏移方法并对相移因子进行分析实践证明二者明显改善了偏移剖面的成像质量。 相似文献
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相位复原问题是指在只有强度可以测量的情况下,从强度数据中提取出物体的相位信息。相位复原是同轴法X射线相衬成像的关键问题之一。本文采用误差递减法,通过限制物体的空间大小,结合测量到的强度数据,在物体的空域和频域都进行约束。通过反复迭代,进行带宽外推,最终实现物面和像面的相位复原。仿真实验证明了此迭代算法的收敛性,并且以塑料管为样品,在上海光源采集到同轴法X射线相衬成像的实验数据,对上述算法进行了验证。 相似文献
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震相分析是地震科学的心脏 总被引：17，自引：9，他引：8
赵荣国 《地震地磁观测与研究》1999,20(5):121-126
引言傅承义教授在４０年前说过一句名言：“震相分析是地震科学的心脏”。我理解：震相分析是微观地震学的核心工作,是提取数据的主要手段,震相应该发挥更多的作用。关于震相分析至今仍存在一些争论：属于技术性工作还是科学研究以及“震相”定义。我认为震相分析工作是科学研究,并非单纯技术。震相如同地震学的“眼睛”,画龙必须点睛,否则,地震学这条“龙”既不能启动更不能腾飞;又如同人的脸面表情,欲知震源心底事,全在震相不言中。实际上,我国对于震相的利用率并不高。１ 科学和技术既明确界定又互相依存科学是实践经验的结晶… 相似文献
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数字化地震记录震相自动识别的方法研究 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
针对目前震相自动识别方法不能自动给出震相识别区间,以及不能确定识别出震相名称的问题,运用震相的运动学特征,由平均速度模型和J-B走时表数据,自动计算近震、远震和极远震的震相走时及震中距。对多尺度小波分解进行单支重构作为识别不同震相的分析信号。先求出初至震相和最大面波到时,估算出震中距,然后找到S波或PP波到时,求出准确的震中距,即可自动给出各震相的识别区间,采用线性偏振法在给定区间中识别出震相的初至时刻。由于该方法采用的是先明确要找什么震相,再由该震相的走时确定寻找区间,所以找出的初至就是要寻找的震相,自然解决了识别出震相的名称问题,从而实现了对震相的全程自动识别。 相似文献
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The Magnetotelluric Phase Tensor: A Critical Review 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
John R. Booker 《Surveys in Geophysics》2014,35(1):7-40
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Ellen E. Moyer David W. Ostendorf Don H. Kampbell Yuefeng Xie 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1994,14(1):110-119
Soil gas samples from intact soil cores were collected on adsorbents at a field site, then thermally desorbed and analyzed by laboratory gas chromatography (GC). Vertical concentration profiles of predominant vapor phase petroleum hydrocarbons under ambient conditions were obtained for the zone directly above the capillary fringe. Water and residual phase weathered aviation gasoline were present in this region of the profile.
The sampling, trapping, and GC methodology was effective in most respects. Reproducibility, trapping, and desorption efficiency were generally satisfactory, and different sorbent tubes gave similar results. A minor shortcoming of the method occurred with the most volatile compound, 2,3-dimcthylbutane, which was poorly retained during several weeks of storage lime and was also poorly desorbed.
Vapor phase concentrations of predominant hydrocarbon compounds all increased with depth at one sampling location. At a more highly contaminated location, concentrations of highly volatile compounds increased with depth while concentrations of less volatile compounds remained constant or decreased, possibly indicating distillation effects. Scatier in the data was attributed to heterogeneities in water and residual phase distribution. 相似文献
The sampling, trapping, and GC methodology was effective in most respects. Reproducibility, trapping, and desorption efficiency were generally satisfactory, and different sorbent tubes gave similar results. A minor shortcoming of the method occurred with the most volatile compound, 2,3-dimcthylbutane, which was poorly retained during several weeks of storage lime and was also poorly desorbed.
Vapor phase concentrations of predominant hydrocarbon compounds all increased with depth at one sampling location. At a more highly contaminated location, concentrations of highly volatile compounds increased with depth while concentrations of less volatile compounds remained constant or decreased, possibly indicating distillation effects. Scatier in the data was attributed to heterogeneities in water and residual phase distribution. 相似文献
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N. C. Nigam 《地震工程与结构动力学》1982,10(5):711-717
The probability structure of the phase derivative of a class of random processes is derived in the time- and frequency-domains. It is shown that in the time-domain the phase derivative reflects the spectral properties of a stationary random process; whereas in the frequency-domain the phase derivative reflects the non-stationary character of a modulated white-noise random process. The analysis provides a theoretical basis for the qualitative conclusions drawn in some recent investigations regarding the properties of the phase derivatives of earthquake ground accelerations. 相似文献
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V. P. Trubitsyn A. N. Evseev A. A. Baranov A. P. Trubitsyn 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2008,44(8):603-614
A temperature and pressure increase in the mantle causes phase transitions and related density changes in its material. The transition boundary in the pressure-temperature phase diagram is determined by the curve of phase equilibrium with the slope γ = dp/dT. If the slope is nonzero, a phase transition in hot ascending and cold descending mantle flows occurs at different depths and, therefore, either enhances (γ > 0) or slows down convection (γ < 0). The mantle material has a multicomponent composition. Therefore, phase transitions in the mantle are distributed over an interval of pressures and depths. In this interval, the concentration of one phase smoothly decreases and the concentration of the other increases. The widths of phase transition zones in the Earth’s mantle vary from 3 km for the endothermic transition in olivine at a depth of 660 km to 500 km for the exothermic transition in perovskite, and the high-to-low spin change in the atomic state of iron takes place at a depth of about 1500 km. This work presents results of calculations demonstrating the convection effect of phase transitions as a function of the transition zone width. Transitions of both types with different slopes of the phase curve and different intensities of mantle convection are examined. For the first time, the convection enhancement and an increase in the mass transfer across the phase boundary are quantitatively investigated in the presence of an exothermic phase transition as a function of the slope of the phase curve. The mixing of material under conditions of partially layered convection is examined with the help of markers. 相似文献
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Yury V. Fedorenko Tatiana Matveeva Elena Beketova Eystein S. Husebye 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2008,168(3-4):231-236
A long-standing problem in operational seismology is that of reliable focal depth estimation. Standard analyst practice is to pick and identify a ‘phase’ in the P-coda. This picking will always produce a depth estimate but without any validation it cannot be trusted. In this article we ‘hunt’ for standard depth phases like pP, sP and/or PmP but unlike the analyst we use Bayes statistics for classifying the probability that polarization characteristics of pickings belong to one of the mentioned depth phases given preliminary epicenter information. In this regard we describe a general-purpose PC implementation of the Bayesian methodology that can deal with complex nonlinear models in a flexible way. The models are represented by a data-flow diagram that may be manipulated by the analyst through a graphical-programming environment. An analytic signal representation is used with the imaginary part being the Hilbert transform of the signal itself. The pickings are in terms of a plot of posterior probabilities as a function of time for pP, Sp or PmP being within the presumed azimuth and incident angle sectors for given preliminary epicenter locations. We have tested this novel focal depth estimation procedure on explosion and earthquake recordings from Cossack Ranger II stations in Karelia, NW Russia, and with encouraging results. For example, pickings deviating more than 5° off ‘true’ azimuth are rejected while Pn-incident angle estimate exhibit considerable scatter. A comprehensive test of our approach is not quite easy as recordings from so-called Ground Truth events are elusive. 相似文献
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椭圆极化现象是电磁场在导电介质中传播时产生的,为得到准确的相位信息,在计算激发磁场时应考虑椭圆极化。本文研究了地面核磁共振(SNMR)信号相位求取电阻率的基本方法,利用SNMR信号通过广义逆反演法得到电阻率未知情况下的含水率及层位分布,作为相位反演电阻率的先验值,通过模拟退火法实现对电阻率的反演。对SNMR的研究解决了通过相位对电阻率的求取,有利于进一步利用相位信息提高含水层和含水率反演的精度。 相似文献
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Tetsuya Komabayashi Kei Hirose Nagayoshi Sata Yasuo Ohishi Leonid S. Dubrovinsky 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2007,260(3-4):564-569
A phase transition in pure CaSiO3 perovskite was investigated at 27 to 72 GPa and 300 to 819 K by in-situ X-ray diffraction experiments in an externally-heated diamond-anvil cell. The results show that CaSiO3 perovskite takes a tetragonal form at 300 K and undergoes phase transition to a cubic structure above 490–580 K in a pressure range studied here. The transition boundary is strongly temperature-dependent with a slightly positive dT / dP slope of 1.1 (± 1.3) K/GPa. It is known that the transition temperature depends on Al2O3 content dissolved in CaSiO3 perovskite [Kurashina et al., Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 145 (2004) 67–74]. The phase transition in CaSiO3(+ 3 wt.% Al2O3) perovskite therefore could occur in a cold subducted mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) crust at about 1200 K in the upper- to mid-lower mantle. This phase transition is possibly ferroelastic-type and may cause large seismic anomalies in a wide depth range. 相似文献
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X射线相位衬度显微成像的原理与进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
当前医学影像学的发展趋势是提高人体软组织成像的衬度分辨率及空问分辨率,由宏观影像学向微观影像学的方向发展。微观影像学能看见微米级的组织和细胞结构,能在活体上无损和动态地观察人体内部器官的微细病理变化,从而能早期做出准确的细胞病理学的定性和定位诊断,以及早期进行精确的定点清除治疗。在提高软组织成像的衬度分辨率方面,相位衬度成像技术是国内外关注的热点。据报道,软组织的X射线相位衬度的分辨率约为常规X射线CT吸收衬度分辨率的1000倍。本文以北京同步辐射装置产生的同步X射线束为光源,应用衍射增强成像（DEI）技术,对人和动物脏器的软组织进行相位衬度成像。结果表明：相位衬度显微成像可清晰显示肺泡、。肾小管、肝小叶等微细的组织结构,其空间分辨率可达20微米,这些在常规X射线CT吸收衬度成像是看不见的。医学相位衬度（简称“相衬”）显微CT成像将是医学显微影像学的未来发展方向。 相似文献
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In this paper,we discuss (1) whether a significant change in dominant creep mechanism will occur at 400 km discontinuity in some subducting slabs as a result of olivine-spinel phase transition;(2) could the result influence phase boundary strength and deep seismicity? Through this study,we noticed that a transition of creep mechanism from dislocation to diffusion (or superplasticity) could occur at the olivine-spinel phase boundary where temperature effect on phase transition dominates over pressure,which will result in a weakening phase boundary.Triggered by this phase transition weakening,a deep strong earthquake might be generated in the relatively strengthening region above the phase boundary so that the phase boundary is naturally the ceasing boundary of deep seismicity.Contrasting to this,the transition of the creep mechanism from dislocation glide to dislocation climb may be common at the phase boundary where pressure effect on phase transition dominates over temperature.In this case,olivine-spin 相似文献