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1.
裂缝储层岩石物理参数的准确获得对地下裂缝预测具有重要意义，而叠前方位AVA地震反演是获得裂缝岩石物理参数的有效手段.假设地下岩石为倾斜横向各向同性（TTI）介质，本文从裂缝岩石物理等效模型的构建出发，从测井数据中估计出纵横波相对反射系数和裂缝柔度参数.通过推导含裂缝柔度的方位各向异性反射系数公式，基于贝叶斯反演框架建立了P波线性AVAZ反演方法.合成地震数据应用表明基于贝叶斯理论的TTI介质裂缝柔度反演方法具有一定抗噪性，可以降低裂缝柔度估测的不确定性，为地下裂缝预测提供有力的依据. 相似文献
2.
基于长波长近似假设,周期性薄互层中发育一组平行排列的垂直裂缝则可视为等效的正交各向异性介质.岩石物理是构建裂缝参数与地震响应之间联系的基础,地震散射理论是各向异性介质参数反演的有效途径.文章提出了一种利用方位叠前地震数据实现正交各向异性裂缝储层Thomsen弱各向异性参数与裂缝弱度参数可靠预测的方法.首先,综合考虑矿物基质、孔隙、裂缝及各向异性岩石中流体替换的影响,通过构建正交各向异性裂缝岩石物理等效模型,实现正交各向异性刚度系数的估测,进而预测储层测井数据的弹性参数、Thomsen弱各向异性参数及裂缝弱度参数,为后续地震反演提供初始模型约束;然后,基于地震散射理论,推导了面向Thomsen弱各向异性参数与裂缝弱度参数反演的正交各向异性介质纵波反射系数方程,为后续地震反演奠定了理论基础;最后,发展了贝叶斯框架下的正交各向异性裂缝储层Thomsen弱各向异性参数与裂缝弱度参数AVAZ反演方法,同时考虑柯西稀疏约束正则化和平滑模型约束正则化约束,使用非线性的迭代重加权最小二乘策略实现正交各向异性特征参数的稳定估算.模型和实际资料处理表明,该方法能够稳定可靠地从方位叠前地震资料中获取正交各向异性特征参数,为正交各向异性介质的特征参数预测提供了一种高可靠性的地震反演方法. 相似文献
3.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(5)
地下裂缝是油气聚集和运移的重要通道,而裂缝岩石物理是裂缝参数与地震响应之间联系的桥梁.从裂缝岩石物理出发,探索利用地震数据预测地下裂缝的方法.首先通过构建裂缝岩石物理等效模型,弥补测井横波的缺失,并且实现裂缝岩石物理参数的预测;然后推导了裂缝岩石物理参数与地震响应之间的近似关系式,同时探索裂缝岩石弹性参数和岩石物理参数的地震直接反演方法;最后分别利用测井数据和实际工区地震数据对裂缝岩石物理等效模型的可靠性以及裂缝岩石物理参数直接反演方法的精度进行了验证.结果表明,构建的裂缝岩石物理等效模型可以实现裂缝岩石纵横波速度及岩石物理参数的可靠估测,而且裂缝岩石物理参数地震直接反演方法具有较高的抗噪性,在实际目标工区弹性参数和裂缝岩石物理参数的估算中具有较好的应用结果. 相似文献
4.
长波长假设条件下，各向同性背景地层中发育一组平行排列的垂直裂缝可等效为具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性（HTI）介质.基于不同观测方位的岩石地震响应特征变化，宽方位地震数据不仅可实现裂缝岩石弹性参数与各向异性参数的预测，同时也蕴含着丰富的孔隙度等储层物性参数信息.本文结合实际地震资料提出了贝叶斯框架下岩石物理驱动的储层裂缝参数与物性参数概率地震联合反演方法，首先基于AVAZ反演裂缝岩石的弹性参数与各向异性参数，并在此基础上通过统计岩石物理模型表征孔隙度、裂缝密度等各向异性介质储层参数与裂缝岩石参数的相互关联，并采用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛（MCMC）抽样方法进行大量样本的随机模拟，使用期望最大化（EM）算法估计后验条件概率分布，最终寻找最大后验条件概率对应的孔隙度、裂缝密度等HTI裂缝介质储层参数即为反演结果.测井及实际地震数据处理表明，该方法能够稳定合理地从方位地震资料中获取裂缝岩石弹性参数与各向异性参数，并提供了一种较为可靠的孔隙度、裂缝密度等裂缝介质储层参数概率地震反演方法. 相似文献
5.
在长波长假设条件下，水平层状地层中发育一组垂直排列的裂缝构成了等效正交各向异性介质.各向异性参数与裂缝弱度参数的估算有助于非均匀各向异性介质的各向异性特征描述，而弹性逆散射理论是非均匀介质参数反演的有效途径.基于地震散射理论，我们首先推导了非均匀正交介质中纵波散射系数方程，并通过引入正交各向异性特征参数，提出了一种新颖的正交各向异性方位弹性阻抗参数化方法.为了提高反演的稳定性与横向连续性，我们发展了贝叶斯框架下的正交各向异性方位弹性阻抗反演方法，同时考虑了柯西稀疏约束正则化和平滑模型约束正则化，最终使用非线性的迭代重加权最小二乘策略实现了各向异性特征参数的稳定估算.模型和实际资料处理表明，反演结果与测井解释数据相吻合，证明了该方法能够稳定可靠地从方位叠前地震资料中获取各向异性特征参数，减小参数估算的不确定性，为非均匀正交介质的各向异性预测提供了一种高可靠性的地震反演方法. 相似文献
6.
提出了各向异性页岩储层统计岩石物理反演方法.通过统计岩石物理模型建立储层物性参数与弹性参数的定量关系，使用测井数据及井中岩石物理反演结果作为先验信息，将地震阻抗数据定量解释为储层物性参数、各向异性参数的空间分布.反演过程在贝叶斯框架下求得储层参数的后验概率密度函数，并从中得到参数的最优估计值及其不确定性的定量描述.在此过程中综合考虑了岩石物理模型对复杂地下介质的描述偏差和地震数据中噪声对反演不确定性的影响.在求取最大后验概率过程中使用模拟退火优化粒子群算法以提高收敛速度和计算准确性.将统计岩石物理技术应用于龙马溪组页岩气储层，得到储层泥质含量、压实指数、孔隙度、裂缝密度等物性，以及各向异性参数的空间分布及相应的不确定性估计，为页岩气储层的定量描述提供依据. 相似文献
7.
裂缝预测是页岩气甜点预测的重要内容.页岩气储层高角度裂缝发育,具有明显的HTI介质各向异性特征,基于各向异性参数与裂缝密度的相关性,提出了一种裂缝密度反演的新方法.首先推导了一种能反映裂缝密度的方位AVO近似公式及其方位弹性阻抗方程(EVAAz方程);然后应用贝叶斯理论,形成了组稀疏方位弹性阻抗反演目标泛函,在此基础上通过阻尼最小二乘算法求解弹性矩阵,稳健得到了剪切模量、法向弱度与切向弱度;最后应用裂缝弱度与裂缝密度的关系,实现了裂缝密度的定量预测.经实际数据试验,预测结果与页岩压裂参数吻合度高,证实该方法是有效的. 相似文献
8.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(3)
叠前地震裂缝检测技术是目前裂缝型储层定量描述的主要手段之一,利用地质、测井资料和岩石物理参数,根据岩石物理理论建立裂缝储层的理论地质模型,模拟地震波在已知裂缝模型中传播时各个方位的地震响应,分析某区段由裂缝引起的地震振幅属性的方位AVO(AVAZ)特征,利用该技术流程,编写了一套基于HTI介质的正演模拟软件,在软件开发过程中,研发了基于Qt Concurrent编程模型组件的并行处理技术.通过该项技术的研究与开发可以:1)利用地震属性数据实时分析地下裂缝型储层的地震响应规律;2)解决地震振幅数据方位各向异性特征的不确定性导致的各向异性椭圆解释成果错误问题,确定椭圆的正确方位指示;3)为叠前裂缝检测软件提供正演分析工具,完善并扩充检测流程.在实际生产应用的效果表明,正演的解释结论能够为叠前裂缝检测提供有效的理论依据,增强了反演裂缝方位数据的准确性与可信度. 相似文献
9.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(6)
利用地震勘探技术预测页岩储层的可压裂性,是目前页岩气勘探开发领域亟须解决的关键问题之一.本文介绍了近年国内外页岩储层可压裂性地震预测方法相关新进展,主要包括页岩可压裂性岩石物理分析、页岩储层裂缝、脆性和地应力地震预测方法等方面.通过调研可知利用叠前地震资料基于方位各向异性预测裂缝和地应力是目前主要技术,未来,解释人员可综合利用标准的反射成像和绕射成像进行裂缝解释.利用地震资料预测页岩岩石脆性的主要方法有以叠前弹性参数同时反演为核心的地震预测技术、地震属性Eρ预测岩石脆性和λρ-μρ模板预测脆性,根据研究区地震资料的偏移距选择恰当的方法进行岩石脆性预测.最终,本文探讨了页岩可压裂性地震预测进一步发展建议. 相似文献
10.
在页岩油气藏的开发和勘探阶段，需要对储层进行水力压裂改造，形成有利于油气聚集和运移的裂缝.地应力是进行水力压裂改造的重要参数，能够决定裂缝的大小、方向以及分布形态，影响着压裂的增产效果，且最大和最小水平应力差异比（ODHSR，Orthorhombic Differential Horizontal Stress Ratio）是评价储层是否可压裂成网的重要因子.本文探讨了基于地震数据估算地应力的方法，以指导页岩气的水力压裂开发.首先，利用叠前方位地震数据反演得到地层的弹性参数和各向异性参数；其次，基于正交各向异性水平应力差异比近似公式，利用反演得到的弹性参数和各向异性参数估算地层的ODHSR；最后，选取某工区的裂缝型页岩储层的叠前方位地震数据对该方法进行实际应用.实际工区地震数据应用表明，基于叠前方位地震数据反演得到的ODHSR能够有效的识别储层中易于压裂成网的区域. 相似文献
11.
Underground fractures play an important role in the storage and movement of hydrocarbon fluid. Fracture rock physics has been the useful bridge between fracture parameters and seismic response. In this paper, we aim to use seismic data to predict subsurface fractures based on rock physics. We begin with the construction of fracture rock physics model. Using the model, we may estimate P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity and fracture rock physics parameters. Then we derive a new approximate formula for the analysis of the relationship between fracture rock physics parameters and seismic response, and we also propose the method which uses seismic data to invert the elastic and rock physics parameters of fractured rock. We end with the method verification, which includes using well-logging data to confirm the reliability of fracture rock physics effective model and utilizing real seismic data to validate the applicability of the inversion method. Tests show that the fracture rock physics effective model may be used to estimate velocities and fracture rock physics parameters reliably, and the inversion method is resultful even when the seismic data is added with random noise. Real data test also indicates the inversion method can be applied into the estimation of the elastic and fracture weaknesses parameters in the target area. 相似文献
12.
Based on the long-wavelength approximation, a set of parallel vertical fractures embedded in periodic thin interbeds can be regarded as an equivalent orthorhombic medium. Rock physics is the basis for constructing the relationship between fracture parameters and seismic response. Seismic scattering is an effective way to inverse anisotropic parameters. In this study, we propose a reliable method for predicting the Thomsen’s weak anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses in an orthorhombic fractured reservoir using azimuthal pre-stack seismic data. First, considering the influence of fluid substitution in mineral matrix, porosity, fractures and anisotropic rocks, we estimate the orthorhombic anisotropic stiffness coefficients by constructing an equivalent rock physics model for fractured rocks. Further, we predict the logging elastic parameters, Thomsen’s weak parameters, and fracture weaknesses to provide the initial model constraints for the seismic inversion. Then, we derive the P-wave reflection coefficient equation for the inversion of Thomsen’s weak anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses. Cauchy-sparse and smoothing-model constraint regularization taken into account in a Bayesian framework, we finally develop a method of amplitude variation with angles of incidence and azimuth (AVAZ) inversion for Thomsen’s weak anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses, and the model parameters are estimated by using the nonlinear iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) strategy. Both synthetic and real examples show that the method can directly estimate the orthorhombic characteristic parameters from the azimuthally pre-stack seismic data, which provides a reliable seismic inversion method for predicting Thomsen’s weak anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses. 相似文献
13.
Fractures in elastic media add compliance to a rock in the direction normal to the fracture strike. Therefore, elastic wave velocities in a fractured rock will vary as a function of the energy propagation direction relative to the orientation of the aligned fracture set. Anisotropic Thomson–Haskell matrix Rayleigh-wave equations for a vertically transverse isotropic media can be used to model surface-wave dispersion along the principal axes of a vertically fractured and transversely isotropic medium. Furthermore, a workflow combining first-break analysis and azimuthal anisotropic Rayleigh-wave inversion can be used to estimate P-wave and S-wave velocities, Thomsen's ε, and Thomsen's δ along the principal axes of the orthorhombic symmetry. In this work, linear slip theory is used to map our inversion results to the equivalent vertically fractured and transversely isotropic medium coefficients. We carried out this inversion on a synthetic example and a field example. The synthetic data example results show that joint estimation of S-wave velocities with Thomsen's parameters ε and δ along normal and parallel to the vertical fracture set is reliable and, when mapped to the corresponding vertically fractured and transversely isotropic medium, provides insight into the fracture compliances. When the inversion was carried out on the field data, results indicated that the fractured rock is more compliant in the azimuth normal to the visible fracture set orientation and that the in situ normal fracture compliance to tangential fracture compliance ratio is less than half, which implies some cementation may have occurred along the fractures. Such an observation has significant implications when modelling the transport properties of the rock and its strength. Both synthetic and field examples show the potential of azimuthal anisotropic Rayleigh-wave inversion as the method can be further expanded to a more general case where the vertical fracture set orientation is not known a priori. 相似文献
14.
储层物性参数是储层描述的重要参数,常规的基于贝叶斯理论的储层物性参数反演方法大多是通过反演获得的弹性参数进一步转换而获得物性参数,本文提出一种基于弹性阻抗数据预测储层物性参数的反演方法.该方法主要通过建立可以表征弹性阻抗与储层物性参数之间关系的统计岩石物理模型,联合蒙特卡罗仿真模拟技术,在贝叶斯理论框架的指导下,应用期望最大化算法估计物性参数的后验概率分布,最终实现储层物性参数反演.经过模型测试和实际资料的处理,其结果表明本文提出的方法具有预测精度高,稳定性强,横向连续性好等优点. 相似文献
15.
Wide-azimuth seismic data can be used to derive anisotropic parameters on the subsurface by observing variation in subsurface seismic response along different azimuths. Layer-based high-resolution estimates of components of the subsurface anisotropic elastic tensor can be reconstructed by using wide-azimuth P-wave data by combining the kinematic information derived from anisotropic velocity analysis with dynamic information obtained from amplitude versus angle and azimuth analysis of wide-azimuth seismic data. Interval P-impedance, S-impedance and anisotropic parameters associated with anisotropic fracture media are being reconstructed using linearized analysis assuming horizontal transverse anisotropy symmetry. In this paper it is shown how additional assumptions, such as the rock model, can be used to reduce the degrees of freedom in the estimation problem and recover all five anisotropic parameters. Because the use of a rock model is needed, the derived elastic parameters are consistent with the rock model and are used to infer fractured rock properties using stochastic rock physics inversion. The inversion is based on stochastic rock physics modelling and maximum a posteriori estimate of both porosity and crack density parameters associated with the observed elastic parameters derived from both velocity and amplitude versus angle and azimuth analysis. While the focus of this study is on the use of P-wave reflection data, we also show how additional information such as shear wave splitting and/or anisotropic well log data can reduce the assumptions needed to derive elastic parameter and rock properties. 相似文献
16.
Understanding the effects of in situ fluid content and fracture parameters on seismic characteristics is important for the subsurface exploration and production of fractured porous rocks. The ratio of normal-to-shear fracture compliance is typically utilized as a fluid indicator to evaluate anisotropy and identify fluids filling the fractures, but it represents an underdetermined problem because this fluid indicator varies as a function of both fracture geometry and fluid content. On the bases of anisotropic Gassmann's equation and linear-slip model, we suggest an anisotropic poroelasticity model for fractured porous reservoirs. By combining a perturbed stiffness matrix and asymptotic ray theory, we then construct a direct relationship between the PP-wave reflection coefficients and characteristic parameters of fluids(P-and S-wave moduli) and fractures(fracture quasi-weaknesses), thereby decoupling the effects of fluid and fracture properties on seismic reflection characterization.By incorporating fracture quasi-weakness parameters, we propose a novel parameterization method for elastic impedance variation with offset and azimuth(EIVOA). By incorporating wide-azimuth observable seismic reflection data with regularization constraints, we utilize Bayesian seismic inversion to estimate the fluid content and fracture parameters of fractured porous rocks. Tests on synthetic and real data demonstrate that fluid and fracture properties can be reasonably estimated directly from azimuthal seismic data and the proposed approach provides a reliable method for fluid identification and fracture characterization in a gas-saturated fractured porous reservoir. 相似文献
17.
提取叠前地震振幅信息的叠前反演技术已成为储层预测的重要手段,其能获得各种岩石弹性参数,丰富储层预测方法.因目标储层的差异性,优选并建立有利的流体敏感参数对储层流体检测尤为重要.本文基于岩石物理实验, 测量并分析了岩石弹性参数随流体饱和度的变化特征, 进一步根据岩石物理理论建立组合流体敏感参数, 达到对油气检测的最佳敏感效果.定义了流体敏感量,定量分析岩石弹性参数的流体敏感性.最后本文在X区块进行了叠前地震反演的应用, 结果表明通过岩石物理实验分析并建立获得的流体敏感参数能明显的提高储层的识别能力. 相似文献
18.
In this paper we propose a method for the characterization of naturally fractured reservoirs by quantitative integration of seismic and production data. The method is based on a consistent theoretical frame work to model both effective hydraulic and elastic properties of fractured porous media and a (non‐linear) Bayesian method of inversion that provides information about uncertainties as well as mean (or maximum likelihood) values. We model a fractured reservoir as a porous medium containing a single set of vertical fractures characterized by an unknown fracture density, azimuthal orientation and aperture. We then look at the problem of fracture parameter estimation as a non‐linear inverse problem and try to estimate the unknown fracture parameters by joint inversion of seismic amplitude versus angle and azimuth data and dynamic production data. Once the fracture parameters have been estimated the corresponding effective stiffness and permeability tensors can be estimated using consistent models. A synthetic example is provided to clearly explain and test the workflow. It shows that seismic and production data complement each other, in the sense that the seismic data resolve a non‐uniqueness in the fracture orientation and the production data help to recover the true fracture aperture and permeability, because production data are more sensitive to the fracture aperture than the seismic data. 相似文献