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1.
本文对非粘土断层泥带宽度与断层错距在断层（带）发育中期线性相关的实验结果为依据，对滇西北地区断层破碎带宽度（Ｗ）与断层错距（Ｄ）的关系作了统计分析，目的在于建立一种从断层破碎带几何特征反演断层背景位移的新方法。通过对该区中等发育程度的３３条断层４８组样本的统计，得到相关性较好的Ｄ＝１８．５Ｗ的经验关系式，同时还就这一关系式的适用范围及影响因素进行了分析讨论。应用Ｄ－Ｗ关系，确定了直线型的剑川断裂中 相似文献
2.
通过对GPS观测资料的数值模拟，获取1999～2001年青藏块体东北缘地区地壳水平运动的非震反位错模型,结合本区视应变场空间分布，研究活动块体及其边界断裂运动、变形特征及应力应变积累部位和强度．结果表明:① 9个活动块体呈现东向由偏北至偏南的整体性顺时针运动. 以祁连山——海原断裂为界，两侧块体间的左旋相对运动明显，由西向东呈现走滑兼NE-NEE向挤压；② 有20条断层段（多数呈压性）不同程度地阻碍块体间的相对运动，其中祁连山断裂中东段（包括与日月山——拉脊山断裂交汇区）及与海原、庄浪河断裂交汇区更有利于应变积累，日月山——拉脊山断裂与柴达木块体北边界交汇区也可能存在一定程度的应变积累；③ 所得活动块体运动速率及边界断裂对块体相对运动的锁定量较1993～1999年相应结果有所减弱． 相似文献
3.
《地震研究》2016,(3)
基于1999~2007年、2009~2013年两期中国大陆GPS水平速度场数据,使用DEFNODE负位错程序反演计算了汶川地震前后陇西块体周边断层——海原—祁连山断裂、六盘山断裂、庄浪河断裂和西秦岭北缘断裂的断层闭锁程度与滑动亏损动态空间分布,并讨论了汶川地震对块体周边断裂的影响和可能存在的强震危险段。结果表明,汶川地震后西秦岭北缘断裂中西段闭锁程度有所减弱、中东段闭锁程度有所增强,地震可能对其有一定影响;在汶川地震前后,其它断裂的断层闭锁程度没有发生明显改变,地震可能对其影响较弱。目前冷龙岭断裂、金强河断裂、庄浪河断裂、六盘山断裂、西秦岭北缘断裂中西段部分区域的闭锁程度较强,闭锁深度约为20~25 km,结合地质尺度的断层地震空区等结果,分析认为上述断裂可能为地震危险段。汶川地震前后陇西块体周边平行断层滑动亏损速率中,除庄浪河断裂为右旋滑动亏损以外,其它断裂均为左旋滑动亏损;陇西块体周边垂直断层滑动亏损速率则均为挤压。 相似文献
4.
榆木山北缘断裂的构造地貌特征与断层活动性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
构造地貌能反映断裂的结构变形特征和断层的活动强度。便如断层陡坎的高度、长度和坡度以及断层陡坎的连续程度。在这篇文章中，讨论了断层段内每个段落断层陡坎的F（C），F（D），F（LR），F（SR）值的特征。在这篇文章结尾，还讨论了冲洪积扇特征对以活动强度的反映。从地貌统计结果来看，发现在榆木山断裂的中间部位冲洪积扇体坡度最大，从中间向两侧中洪积扇扇体坡度呈减弱趋势。文中还给出了断层陡无坎变形的测量结果，冲洪积扇扇顶热释光年龄和断层滑动速度。从分析结果来看，榆木山北缘断裂可以细分为三段，东段（梨园小口子－排路口）、中段（排路口－芦泉河）和西段（芦泉河－李家山子）。 相似文献
5.
川西地区地壳形变和断层位移活动 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大地测量资料的分析表明，川西地区的地壳形变和断层位移活动沿着已发展成为块体边界线的鲜水河断裂带—安宁河断裂带—则木河断裂带表现为最强，两侧块体内的断裂活动相对次之。区内的现今形变活动趋势仍继承着晚第四纪以来新构造活动的格局，地震形变是现今形变的最佳表现，断层位移活动具有显著的不均匀性。 相似文献
6.
跨断层位移测量与局部断层活动 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
跨断层微量位移测量,目的在于了解断层的活动方式。对一些实测资料的分析表明,断层附近的一定范围内,其跨断层点位间的相对位移,主要是断层两盘相对运动造成的,而介质应变在这一局部区域的影响可以忽略不计。因而通过测量资料分析断层的运动,一般可以把两盘作为不变形的刚体处理。同时,由于断层的活动往往表现为两侧块体沿断层面的相对滑 相似文献
7.
具体场地活动断层定位及其工程意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对乌鲁木齐市蔬菜副食品总公司酿造厂场地内雅玛里克活动断层的精确定位和活动性判定工作进行了讨论,确定了雅码里克断裂为全新世早期活动断裂,倾斜速率为０．２６～０．３７ｍｍ／ａ,该断裂现代仍有小量级地震活动,目前主要以蠕滑为主,属中等全新世活动断层,场地内不宜进行重大工作建设,并确定了雅玛里克南支断层破碎宽度小于１５ｍ,其上盘影响带宽度为３５ｍ,与前人工作的结果进行对比判别是明显的,为此从单体工程设施安全性和城市土地规划经济合理性方面探讨了活动断层精确定位工作的意义和重要性。 相似文献
8.
对川滇地区主要活动断裂地震活动性的分析表明 ,该区主要活动断裂间存在地震活动的相关性 :1)强震活跃期沿着鲜水河断裂、小江断裂、红河断裂、龙陵 -澜沧断裂及NE向的龙门山 -瑞丽断裂依次迁移 ;2 )鲜水河断裂与龙陵 -澜沧断裂不仅在强震活动上 ,而且在b值变化上存在较强的相关性 ,是平行断裂在区域应力场作用下相互作用的结果 ;3)龙门山 -瑞丽断裂与上述川滇地区其它近NW向断裂间存在地震交替活动的现象 ;4 )龙门山 -瑞丽断裂的地震具有分段活动的特征 ,是断块差异活动的体现。有限元分析显示 ,上述断层相互作用现象是块体非均匀运动过程中应力场调整的反映 ,是块体运动的结果。研究表明川滇地区主要断层地震活动间存在 3种相互作用的现象 ,即块体边界迁移型、旋向相反平行断层交替型和交叉断层交替型 相似文献
9.
本文对滇西北24条中小型走滑断层的40组端点距L_d与错距(D)的数据进行了回归分析,发现二者具有良好的线性关系,即L_d=2.75D-0.15。由该区的断层破碎带宽度(W)与错距(D)的经验统计关系,得出了由最大断层破碎带宽度(W_(max))估计断层长度的表达式,即L=101.75W_(max)—0.30。在本文中,还应用上述关系式对有争议的定西岭断裂南延趋势及剑川—白汉场断裂的长度作了定量估计。 相似文献
10.
鄂尔多斯块体周缘历史上多次发生大地震，同时该地区人口稠密，城市群集中，有必要分析该地区未来30年的大地震危险性，为该地区的应急备灾工作提供参考.本文利用块体周缘活动断层的滑动速率、历史地震古地震等资料，建立了考虑大地震发生率的时间非平稳性质和大地震危险性近断层分布特征的地震危险性模型.计算了块体周缘未来30年Ⅷ度地震动的超越概率分布图，并同《中国地震动参数区划图》的地震危险性模型进行了比较.本文研究认为，由断层滑动速率估算的断层地震活动性与基于地震目录统计的地震活动性总体差别不大，但断层源的地震危险性在沿断层破裂面地区增大明显.结果认为，鄂尔多斯块体周缘未来30年地震危险性最高的地区在块体西南缘，六盘山东麓断裂和会宁—义岗断裂及周边地区是未来30年地震危险性较高的地区. 相似文献
11.
Luke Wooller Benjamin van Wyk de Vries Emmanuelle Cecchi Hazel Rymer 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2009,71(10):1111-1131
Long-term fault movement under volcanoes can control the edifice structure and can generate collapse events. To study faulting
effects, we explore a wide range of fault geometries and motions, from normal, through vertical to reverse and dip-slip to
strike-slip, using simple analogue models. We explore the effect of cumulative sub-volcanic fault motions and find that there
is a strong influence on the structural evolution and potential instability of volcanoes. The variety of fault types and geometries
are tested with realistically scaled displacements, demonstrating a general tendency to produce regions of instability parallel
to fault strike, whatever the fault motion. Where there is oblique-slip faulting, the instability is always on the downthrown
side and usually in the volcano flank sector facing the strike-slip sense of motion. Different positions of the fault beneath
the volcano change the location, type and magnitude of the instability produced. For example, the further the fault is from
the central axis, the larger the destabilised sector. Also, with greater fault offset from the central axis larger unstable
volumes are generated. Such failures are normal to fault strike. Using simple geometric dimensionless numbers, such as the
fault dip, degree of oblique motion (angle of obliquity), and the fault position, we graphically display the geometry of structures
produced. The models are applied to volcanoes with known underlying faults, and we demonstrate the importance of these faults
in determining volcanic structures and slope instability. Using the knowledge of fault patterns gained from these experiments,
geological mapping on volcanoes can locate fault influence and unstable zones, and hence monitoring of unstable flanks could
be carried out to determine the actual response to faulting in specific cases. 相似文献
12.
Geometrical textures of faults，evolution of physical field and instability characteristics 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Ｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｉｃａｌｔｅｘｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｆａｕｌｔｓ，ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｆｉｅｌｄａｎｄｉｎｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓＪＩＮＭＡ（马瑾），ＳＨＥＮＧ－ＬＩＭＡ（马胜利），ＬＩ－ＱＩＡＮＧＬＩＵ（刘力强），Ｚ... 相似文献
13.
Finite Element Analysis of Fault Bend Influence on Stick-Slip Instability along an Intra-Plate Fault
— Earthquakes have been recognized as resulting from stick-slip frictional instabilities along the faults between deformable rocks. A three-dimensional finite-element code for modeling the nonlinear frictional contact behaviors between deformable bodies with the node-to-point contact element strategy has been developed and applied here to investigate the fault geometry influence on the nucleation and development process of the stick-slip instability along an intra-plate fault through a typical fault bend model, which has a pre-cut fault that is artificially bent by an angle of 5.6° at the fault center. The numerical results demonstrate that the geometry of the fault significantly affects nucleation, termination and restart of the stick-slip instability along the intra-plate fault, and all these instability phenomena can be well simulated using the current finite-element algorithm. 相似文献
14.
15.
本文采用有限元方法,对直立的、无限长的二维走滑断层上的地震不稳定性的滑动弱化模型进行分析,研究断层参数对失稳的影响,从理论上探索当断层强、弱区均有弱化现象时,断层破裂的前兆信息,进而分析摩擦应力弱化规律与地震预报的关系,讨论失稳前后位移场、应变场和应力场的演变过程。 相似文献
16.
Shengli Ma Liqiang Liu Jin Ma Kaiying Wang Xiaoyan Hu Tianchang Liu Xiuquan Wu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(2):56-66
The nucleation process of stick-slip instability was analyzed based on the experimental measurements of strain and fault slip on homogeneous and non-homogeneous faults. The results show that the nucleation process of stick-slip on the homogeneous fault is of weak slip-weakening behavior under constant loading point velocity. The existence of a short “weak segment” on the fault makes slip-weakening phenomenon in nucleation process more obvious, while the existence of a long “weak segment” on the fault makes the nucleation process changed. The nucleation is characterized by accelerating slip in a local region and rapid increase of shear stress along the fault in this case, which is more coincident with the rate and state friction law. During the period when fault is locked, increasing of shear stress causes lateral elastic dilation near the fault, and the rebound of the dilation at the time of instability causes an instantaneous increase of normal stress in the fault plane, which is an important factor making fault be rapidly locked and its strength recovered. 相似文献
17.
The nucleation process of stick-slip instability was analyzed based on the experimental measurements of strain and fault slip on homogeneous and non-homogeneous faults. The results show that the nucleation process of stick-slip on the homogeneous fault is of weak slip-weakening behavior under constant loading point velocity. The existence of a short "weak segment" on the fault makes slip-weakening phenomenon in nucleation process more obvious, while the existence of a long "weak segment" on the fault makes the nucleation process changed. The nucleation is characterized by accelerating slip in a local region and rapid increase of shear stress along the fault in this case, which is more coincident with the rate and state friction law. During the period when fault is locked, increasing of shear stress causes lateral elastic dilation near the fault, and the rebound of the dilation at the time of instability causes an instantaneous increase of normal stress in the fault plane, which is an important factor making fault be rapidly locked and its strength recovered. 相似文献
18.
Asymmetry of the Weihe Basin is discussed in the paper,and also the master control fault,secondary control fault of asymmetric basin is proposed in the paper.The asymmetry of the Weihe Basin is expressed as follows:(1) its shape of the cross sections is asymmetrical;(2) the tectonic activity of the southern margin fault and the northern margin one is apparently different;(3) its deep tectonics is asymmetrical.Finally,we use the Weihe Basin as an example to establish a "cantilever-beam" model for calculations.The results show that:(1) flexure leads to stress accumulation and forming extensional fractures;(2) fractures slope steeply towards the free end;(3) when the length of beam becomes longer,it is possible that new extensional fractures will occur in the fixed end. 相似文献
19.
速率和状态相依赖的摩擦定律是本文采用的重要定律。结合Chester-Higgs摩擦模型和McKenzie-Brune摩擦生热模型，在一维弹簧-滑块-断层近似模型下，利用四阶变步长的Dormand-Prince算法，研究探讨了断层摩擦生热对断层演化的影响。结果表明:与忽略温度影响的情形相比，摩擦生热造成的温度上升可导致断层滑移时刻的略微提前，并伴随着摩擦系数和状态变量的下降，同时也使得断层的滑移量和应力降略有减小，而滑移速率有所增大；另外，在考虑温度影响时，有效正应力和临界滑移距离也会影响断层的演化过程，断层上的有效正应力越大，断层失稳时刻越提前，温度上升越明显；断层的临界滑移距离越大，断层失稳时刻则越迟，温度上升越显著，但当临界滑移距离超过5 cm时，具有不同临界滑移距离的断层，失稳时的温度则基本保持一致。 相似文献
20.
EXPERIMENT STUDY ON ACOUSTIC EMISSION,MICROSEISM AND CHARGE INDUCTION DURING FRACTURE PROCESS OF GRANITE WITH FAULT ZONE UNDER UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION 
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下载免费PDF全文 As the rock samples will produce abnormal signals of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge signals under external loading, the waveform comprehensive monitoring devices are used to synchronously monitor acoustic emission, microseismic and charge signals during the deformation and failure process of granite with fault zone under uniaxial compression. The results show that, the granite with fault zone has obvious synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction in the elastic deformation stage, and has high amplitude synchronous precursory signals in the instability destruction stage. The influence of fault zone on granite samples strength is remarkable, and the uniaxial compressive strength of samples with the fault zone is greatly reduced. With the angle of the fault zone decreasing, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimens is reduced, the samples are more liable to instability and the energy of instability destruction is greater. With the fault zone angle of granite samples decreasing, the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction signals increase in the deformation and failure process of samples. The samples stress decreases when the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals appear synchronously. The duration of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals is increasing in the instability destruction stage. When the angle of the fault zone reaches 30°, the mutability of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction signal increases, the time to enter the dangerous stage is much earlier, and the acoustic emission events of large magnitude increase significantly, and the large angle faults of coal mine are more dangerous. The intensive and high amplitude synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction are produced before the instability destruction, and the signals duration is shorter. The intensive and strongest synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction are produced in the instability destruction, and the signals duration is longer. Acoustic emission monitoring data can better reflect the micro rupture of rock. And combined with the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals, the precursory information of rock instability destruction can be obtained more accurately. 相似文献