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1.
机载探地雷达可以用于人类无法到达的危险地区、植被严重覆盖的地下目标体探测,然而由于机载探地雷达的特殊性,影响机载探地雷达探测效果的因素包括天线的极化方向、天线的飞行高度以及地表粗糙度等.为了研究这些影响因素与探测效果之间的关系,用三维时间域有限差分模拟电磁波的传播过程,以沙漠地区地下空洞掩体的机载探地雷达探测为实例,分别模拟了不同天线极化方向、天线高度及地表粗糙度情况下的机载探地雷达剖面,分析了各因素对机载探地雷达探测地下空洞目标体的影响.天线极化方向与目标体走向垂直更有利于地下目标体探测;天线距离地表越近,可以获得更高分辨率的雷达剖面;沙漠地表起伏越大,雷达剖面中的散射杂波能量越强,浅部地下目标体信号容易被掩盖.为了消除起伏地形造成的散射杂波,提出用逆时偏移成像技术对共炮集机载探地雷达数据进行偏移成像,成像结果优于基尔霍夫偏移成像结果. 相似文献
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为探明路基中隐藏病害的类型和空间位置,应用探地雷达方法对公路路基质量进行了无损检测.在地层介质强衰减和噪声干扰作用下,探地雷达信号存在信噪比低、深部复杂目标体难以识别的问题.针对探地雷达路基实测信号非线性和非平稳的特点,采用信号均衡和希尔伯特-黄变换相结合的方法,首先对数据进行均衡处理以突出深层弱信号,在此基础上对单道信号进行经验模态分解以获得固有模态函数,通过希尔伯特变换对固有模态函数的瞬态属性特征进行分析,进而将希尔伯特-黄变换应用于整个探地雷达的数据剖面,最后通过综合对比瞬时振幅剖面和瞬时相位剖面对探测结果进行了分析和解释.结果 表明,信号均衡可以有效缓解深部信号衰减问题,基于希尔伯特.黄变换可以从多属性参数角度对探地雷达信号进行处理与解释,可以较好的识别异常体的位置和属性信息,提高了探地雷达解释结果的可靠性. 相似文献
3.
探月雷达作为嫦娥三号和嫦娥四号月球探测任务中最重要的科学载荷之一,其目标是探测月壤及地下结构信息.然而,嫦娥三号探月雷达的第二通道数据受到横向杂波的干扰,使得有用的反射信息被掩盖.这些杂波可以认为是影响数据质量的横向噪声,使得探月雷达数据信噪比低,影响数据解释.本文将利用shearlet变换对探月雷达数据进行信号分析与噪声去除,并对嫦娥三号着陆区的月壤结构进行重建.首先,在shearlet域中,观察横向噪声的分布,并分离出以噪声为主的shearlet分量,并得到重建后的雷达数据.随后,为充分利用嫦娥三号第二通道两套数据的整体优势,对两套经过shearlet变换去噪后的雷达数据进行融合,得到综合探月雷达图像,有效得去除了水平噪声并增强了来自浅月表的有效信号.最后,根据探月雷达处理结果对嫦娥三号着陆点的月壤结构进行重建,重建结构中的溅射物厚度与撞击坑溅射物经验公式结果得到了相互印证. 相似文献
4.
基于GprMax正演模拟的探地雷达根系探测敏感因素分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用探地雷达对植物根系进行探测的有效性已得到证实.但由于根系结构复杂,根围环境异质性强,针对基于探地雷达得到的根系探测数据的解读尚处于经验积累阶段.本研究首先通过对比根系探地雷达实测信号图像和模拟信号图像,证实了利用GprMax模拟探地雷达探测植物根系的有效性.其次通过定义不同根系空间结构和电性参数场景,模拟了不同条件下根目标反射信号的差异,并对影响探地雷达探测植物根系有效性的敏感因素进行了初步分析.模拟结果有助于探地雷达野外根系探测图谱的解译,为探地雷达在植物根系探测中的应用积累经验. 相似文献
5.
随着铁路货运量的不断增大和列车的提速,针对铁路路基出现的病害进行快捷的检测方面的需求逐渐加强.探地雷达是一种无损高效的检测手段,但其应用于铁路路基探测中,其探测记录易受轨枕等介质的强干扰反射所湮没.为了更准确地实现探地雷达在铁路路基检测中的应用,提出了一种针对轨枕等高频噪声的方便、快捷、自适应的压制算法,降低了人工解译方法的低效率和主观性.本文首先介绍了经验模态分解原理及实现方法并对铁路路基病害建模获得探地雷达仿真数据,提取探地雷达仿真信号同一采样点上不同扫描道的数据组成一维信号,将一维信号进行经验模态分解并对固有模态函数重构,分析高频信号消除效果.其次,对探地雷达仿真数据所有采样点依次行经验模态分解并对固有模态函数重构从而压制轨枕等的高频噪声.最后,将车载雷达实测数据进行经验模态分解压制噪声,得到了压制强噪声后的雷达图像.处理结果表明:车载雷达原始数据经过经验模态分解的压制噪声处理后,干扰信号被降低,提高路基病害的弱反射信号的信噪比.因此,经验模态分解能压制轨枕等强干扰信息,便于铁路路基病害的识别. 相似文献
6.
《地球物理学进展》2019,(6)
相对金属探雷器和单通道探地雷达,采用车载探地雷达阵列探测系统能对雷场进行快速检测.但是,雷达阵列单位时间内采集的数据量大,且器件间的干扰信号多,使得实时地雷目标检测算法更有难度.本文实现了一套完整的基于车载探地雷达阵列的实时地雷目标检测方法.首先,在车体前进方向上对阵列雷达数据进行预处理,以突显目标响应,压制干扰信号;然后,在阵列排布方向上计算检测窗口内图像的方向梯度直方图(HOG)特征,利用训练好的支持向量机(SVM)预测识别疑似地雷;另外,采用权重判断法和能量分析法剔除部分虚假目标;最后,在车体前进方向上,基于地雷目标尺寸大小压制部分虚警并确定地雷目标,同时对地雷目标进行定位,确定地雷埋深,在深度可调的深度切片上实时显示地雷目标.试验数据表明:该方法能对地雷目标进行实时检测,并明显降低了地雷目标的误检率.采用车载探地雷达阵列探测系统对雷场进行实时地雷目标检测是可行的,但是,仅通过探地雷达技术仍无法同时兼顾高检测率和低虚警率.同时使用多种技术手段,采用多特征融合决策探雷是一种必然趋势. 相似文献
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地下管线是城市生存和发展的基础,近年来随着城市地下空间的开发利用,管线周边形成了各种各样的地质病害体.为了有效预防这些病害体对地下管线安全运行的影响,本文在分析高频电磁波传播机理及影响因素基础上,研究了利用探地雷达检测地下管线周边病害体的技术方法.探地雷达工作参数的配置选择、干扰波的有效处理及雷达图像的精准识别是检测地质病害体的关键,重点从这三个方面进行了分析研究.天线中心频率、采样率、测点点距等工作参数最佳优化组合,确保了检测检测目标体的效果;增益调整、频率滤波、点平均等对干扰波的处理,有助于获得高信噪比,可获得高分辨率的雷达图像;根据雷达剖面图上异常波形特征来判断识别脱空、空洞、疏松体和富水体等地下病害体的位置及大小.这些问题的解决可为探地雷达检测病害体提供可靠技术支撑.最后结合工程实例,与其他方法对异常体的对比分析,验证了高频电磁法在检测地下病害体的的可行有效性,也为开展地下管线周边病害体的治理提供了科学依据. 相似文献
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地质雷达是利用电磁波对地下不同电性介质进行探测的地球物理仪器，其探测速率快、分辨率高，可弥补探槽和其他地球物理方法存在探测盲区的缺陷，正在越来越多地应用于活动断层探测领域。本文以乌拉山山前断裂为例开展地质雷达探测工作，使用无人机正射影像技术对测线进行地形校正，获得断层浅部地质雷达图像。研究结果表明，本文研究方法能有效反映探槽揭露的地层单元和断层分布。本次探测中，雷达波形图像特征为:浅地表的土壤层反射波总体较弱；粗粒沉积为主的砾石层反射波总体较强，同相轴连续性好；细粒沉积为主的砂层反射波弱于砾石层，波形以中、高频为主，同相轴具有弱连续性；对于洪冲积地区，地质雷达能分辨具有一定特征的地层单元，这为剖面图像的断层识别提供了标志；通过无人机正射影像技术对地质雷达测线进行地形校正，有利于获得更为准确的探测结果。 相似文献
11.
Steven K. Koppenjan Curt M. Allen Duane Gardner Howard R. Wong Hua Lee Stephanie J. Lockwood 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2000,43(2-4)
The detection of buried objects, particularly hazardous waste containers and unexploded ordnance (UXO), has gained significant interest in the Unites States in the late 1990s. The desire to remediate the thousands of sites worldwide has become an increasing concern and the application of radar to this problem has received renewed attention. The US Department of Energy's Special Technologies Laboratory (STL), operated by Bechtel Nevada, has developed several frequency-modulated, continuous-wave (FM-CW) ground penetrating radar (GPR) units. To meet technical requirements for higher-resolution data, STL and the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) is investigating advanced GPR hardware, signal processing, and synthetic-aperture imaging with the development of an innovative system. The goal is to design and fabricate a lightweight, battery-operated unit that does not require surface contact, can be operated by a novice user, and can achieve improved resolution. The latter is accomplished by using synthetic-aperture imaging, which forms the subsurface images by fully utilizing the data sequences collectively along a scan path. We also present the backward propagation algorithm as the basic structure of the multiple-frequency tomographic imaging technique, and the conventional fast Fourier transform (FFT) method which can be described as a degenerated case of the model where the computation procedure is approximated under the narrow-beam assumption. 相似文献
12.
Chih-Sung ChenYih Jeng 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(1):113-123
An alternative data processing procedure is proposed in this paper for the purpose of enhancing the signal/noise (S/N) ratio of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. The processing methodology is achieved by performing the logarithmic transform in conjunction with the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), a new nonlinear data analysis method in signal processing. The synthetic model study and field example indicate that the logarithmic transform is effective in alleviating the attenuation problem. Additionally, the spectrogram obtained from Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) shows that the decomposition sensitivity of the EEMD method is greatly improved with the aid of the logarithmic transform. This new method allows us to extract the signal components from noisy GPR data efficiently. The success of this study suggests a possible nonlinear analysis application in future GPR investigation, particularly in the filter design and gain correction. 相似文献
13.
Chandra S. Throckmorton Stacy L. Tantum Yingyi Tan Leslie M. Collins 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2007,61(3-4):304-317
Statistical signal processing techniques have shown progress in discriminating UXO from clutter when the objects occur in isolation. Under this condition, only a single object contributes to the measured sensor data. For multiple closely spaced subsurface objects, however, the unprocessed sensor measurement is a mixture of the responses from several objects. Consequently, the unprocessed measurements cannot be used directly to discriminate UXO from clutter. In this paper, we implement independent component analysis (ICA), a well-established blind source separation (BSS) technique, to recover the unobserved object signatures from the mixed measurement data obtained by simulating electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor data, and then use the recovered signatures for UXO/clutter discrimination. Discrimination performance depends on multiple factors, including the number of clutter objects in proximity to the UXO, the separation distance between the UXO and clutter, and the number of mixed measurements available. Simulation results are presented illustrating the impact of these factors on discrimination performance. 相似文献
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针对探地雷达信号处理和分析时小波基选取存在的问题,本文在分析探地雷达信号特点的基础上,首先从理论上讨论小波基的选取准则,然后再从实验角度进行对比、判别,认为在进行小波分解和重构时应该分别选择不同的小波基函数进行处理,这样可以保证重构信号的精确度,增强对信号的处理能力,从而也突破了以往分解与重构时都采用同一个小波基进行处理的做法.最后通过实际资料的处理,指出bior2.6小波基在进行雷达信号处理时效果最佳,不仅去噪彻底,而且能够保留有效信号的高频部分,提高信号的分辨率和信噪比,为后续解释工作打好了基础. 相似文献
15.
Target detection using ground penetrating radar (GPR) is based on the contrast between the electrical parameters of the target and the background medium, such as dielectric permittivity, conductivity and permeability. The application mainly concentrates on the detection of the medium interface and the target shape. In any theoretical study, a simulation model is built with a homogeneous medium. However, real detection encounters heterogeneous media which might produce scattering and diffraction at electrical interfaces and distort the radar pulse shape and affect the detection resolution. In this paper, we build multi-scale random media model with an ellipsoidal autocorrelation function and use FDTD method to simulate the GPR signal response. We then estimate and analyze the arrival time, layer thickness, permittivity and the physics relation in different scale random models according to the S transform method and the transmission wave method. The results demonstrate that we can use GPR to obtain geophysical information of multi-scale heterogeneous media, and provide a foundation for real media detection and complex media inversion. 相似文献
16.
Application of a library based method to time domain electromagnetic data for the identification of unexploded ordnance 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Leonard R. Pasion Stephen D. Billings Douglas W. Oldenburg Sean E. Walker 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2007,61(3-4):279-291
A simple library based algorithm for the identification of unexploded ordnance is tested on time domain electromagnetic data. A library of polarization tensors is generated from data acquired on a test stand over a collection of different UXO. The objective of the algorithm is to determine which target of the library is most likely to have produced an observed data anomaly. For each target in our library a non-linear inverse problem is solved for the position and orientation that minimizes the least-squares difference between the observed data anomaly and the data predicted from each target. This technique avoids direct inversion for polarization tensor, making it feasible for cases where sensor data quality may not be sufficient to support confident estimation of model parameters. For cases where the background soil response is significant, we also invert for the t−1 decay characteristic of viscous remnant magnetic soil. We present results of preliminary tests of the library technique to Geonics EM63 time domain electromagnetic data collected on a test plot seeded with UXO. These tests demonstrate an excellent ability to accurately identify isolated targets. Misidentification of single targets occur when data anomalies have low signal to noise ratios or when targets within the library have similar polarization tensors. 相似文献
17.
Magnetic mapping for the detection and characterization of UXO: Use of multi-sensor fluxgate 3-axis magnetometers and methods of interpretation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Marc Munschy Daniel Boulanger Patrice Ulrich Mustapha Bouiflane 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2007,61(3-4):168-183
Fluxgate vector magnetometers can be powerful instruments in magnetic mapping and in the detection of unexploded ordnance (UXO). Being lightweight and having low power requirements, they allow the development of multi-sensor use. The main problems in using fluxgate magnetometers arise from calibration errors and drift but these can be overcome using a quick and simple method of calibration in the field. This method also has the advantage of compensating permanent and induced magnetic fields generated by magnetized objects carried with the sensors. Measurement accuracy is similar to that obtained with scalar magnetometers. Multi-magnetometer profiling allows direct inversion of raw magnetic data along profiles in order to locate and characterize dipoles typically generated by UXO. The method used is a non-linear inverse procedure that estimates the three coordinates and magnetization vector of the dipole. Application of the technique to both a synthetic case and a field example illustrates the advantages of the method compared with the use of the analytic signal. 相似文献
18.
A new broadband electromagnetic induction (EMI) array sensor, GEM-5, for detecting and characterizing Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) has been developed in order to provide high production rates for EMI surveys. The sensor consists of a single rectangular loop transmitter around a linear array of seven pairs of coaxial receiver coils, with each coil in a pair located at the same vertical distance above and below the loop transmitter. The coil pairs are wired in an inverted series so that the signal consists of the difference between the voltage induced in the upper and lower coils. This particular configuration provides a high degree of primary field cancellation, dense spatial sampling rate due to simultaneous and continuous operation of all sensors, suppression of motion-induced and environmental noise, and strong source fields at typical UXO burial depths providing deep detection range. Our prototype tests indicate that the array yields a lower static and motion-induced noise over the critical low frequencies than that of existing sensors, and in particular, the signal-to-noise ratio at 90 Hz is 32 dB higher. Environmental noise can be largely removed from the difference measurements. The field test results from UXO test sites show that the prototype sensor has smoother background and appears to detect more seeded targets than the GEM-3 concentric sensor, however some of that gain can be attributed to higher power transmitter electronics. 相似文献
19.
Measurement of stream cross section using ground penetration radar with Hilbert–Huang transform 
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下载免费PDF全文 This study presents a new method to measure stream cross section without having contact with water. Compared with conventional measurement methods which apply instruments such as sounding weight, ground penetration radar (GPR), used in this study, is a non‐contact measurement method. This non‐contact measurement method can reduce the risk to hydrologists when they are conducting measurements, particularly in high flow period. However, the original signals obtained by using GPR are very complex, different from studies in the past where the measured data were mostly interpreted by experts with special skill or knowledge of GPR so that the results obtained were less objective. This study employs Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) to process GPR signals which are difficult to interpret by hydrologists. HHT is a newly developed signal processing method that can not only process the nonlinear and non‐stationary complex signals, but also maintain the physical significance of the signal itself. Using GPR with HHT, this study establishes a non‐contact stream cross‐section measurement method with the ability to measure stream cross‐sectional areas precisely and quickly. Also, in comparison with the conventional method, no significant difference in results is found to exist between the two methods, but the new method can considerably reduce risk, measurement time, and manpower. It is proven that the non‐contact method combining GPR with HHT is applicable to quickly and accurately measure stream cross section. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Advanced discrimination methods and careful optimization of operational procedures are critical for efficient remediation of unexploded ordnance (UXO) contaminated sites. In this paper, we report on our experiences with a 200 acre magnetic survey that was collected and processed under production survey conditions at Chevallier Ranch, Montana. All anomalies with fitted moments above 0.05 Am2 were excavated. During the survey the magnetic remanence metric was predicted but not used to guide the discrimination. The retrospective analysis presented here reveals that discrimination using remanence would have significantly reduced the total number of anomalies (with good dipolar fits) that needed to be excavated, from 524 to 290 while still recovering all 69 UXO. The false alarm rate (FAR = number of non-UXOs excavated divided / number of UXO found) was reduced from 6.3 to 2.9. At a cut-off of 75% remanence, 77% of anomalies due to shrapnel and metallic debris and 64% of geological anomalies were rejected.Geological anomalies due to variations in magnetite concentration introduced a significant human-element into the interpretation process. Three different interpreters added a total of 305 additional anomalies that were not fit with a dipole model and which were later found to be non-UXO. Between 40 and 50% of anomalies picked by the two relatively inexperienced interpreters who analyzed the data turned out to be geology, as compared to 14% for an experienced interpreter. Critical analysis of results, operator training and feedback from the UXO technicians validating the anomaly are essential components towards improving the quality and consistency of the anomaly interpretations. This is consistent with the tenants of Total Quality Management (TQM). We compare the actual FAR that resulted during the survey when there was little feedback between UXO technician validation results, to a hypothetical result that could have been achieved had there been a constant feedback system in place at the onset of operations. Feedback would have significantly reduced the number of geological anomalies and decreased the FAR from 10.7 to 4.0.The hypothetical results presented here demonstrate the value of using TQM principles to guide the UXO remediation process. They further show that improvements in the efficiency and costs of UXO remediation require both technological advances and operational optimization of the technology when implemented in a production setting. Furthermore, by treating geophysical modeling and UXO validation as separate entities, both with respect to contracting and operational reporting, there is little incentive for the geophysicist to leave an anomaly off the dig-sheet. Only potential negative consequences will result if that anomaly is later found to be a UXO. An incentive based mechanism that rewards the geophysicist for reductions in follow-on costs would have a strong potential to reduce the number of unnecessary excavations, and hence reduce the total cost of the UXO remediation effort. 相似文献