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1.
《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(4)
地下隧道抗震分析的关键在于确定地震过程中隧道所受的地震作用,亦即地震动土作用。本文采用间接边界元方法,求解了弹性基岩上覆层状场地中地下隧道所受的横截面内地震动土作用,通过参数分析揭示了地震动土作用的峰值大小、空间分布等基本规律。研究表明,土-隧道动力相互作用对地震动土作用的空间分布形式影响较小,地下隧道结构横截面内所受地震动土作用的空间分布形式与隧道相应位置处自由场土层应力空间分布形式基本一致;土-隧道动力相互作用对地震动土作用有明显放大效应,隧道主要位置点的水平动土作用和竖向动土作用与隧道相应位置处自由场土层应力相比分别放大1.4~2.0倍和1.2~1.6倍;随隧道埋深的增加,隧道所受地震动土作用呈明显增大趋势。最后在此基础上提出了横截面内地震动土作用的一个简化计算方法。该简化方法基于自由场地震响应分析,采用动力放大系数来考虑土-隧道动力相互作用,方法简单实用,计算精度可以满足工程需求。 相似文献
2.
《世界地震工程》2017,(4)
隧道结构地震破坏的原因众多,几何因素的影响不可忽视。基于有限差分方法,构建一系列数值计算模型,比较了不同埋深、直径、衬砌厚度和径厚比时隧道结构的地震响应特性,并采用相对变形比和内力放大系数定量分析了隧道的变形、内力分布和内力峰值与几何参数间的关系。计算结果表明:内力放大系数随着埋深的增加而减小,埋深大于20m,输入地震动幅值小于0.2g时,隧道拱顶底间相对位移峰值和相同位置处自由场相对位移峰值接近;衬砌厚度对动弯矩的影响较动轴力显著,增加衬砌厚度会显著的增大隧道的动弯矩峰值,但弯矩放大系数随着衬砌厚度的增加而减小;隧道的动内力峰值随着直径的增加而增大,而轴力放大系数则随着直径的增加而减小;径厚比显著影响衬砌结构的内力分布,当径厚比大于10时,隧道结构发生显著的内力偏转。 相似文献
3.
历次震害表明隧道等地下结构受地震影响较大,当地震动的卓越频率与结构的固有频率一致时,引发的共振会对结构产生更严重的破坏。针对共振这一地震中的特殊现象,通过ANSYS分析研究浅埋偏压黄土隧道在双向地震耦合作用下隧道衬砌各处的共振响应和围岩至衬砌段共振响应峰值的变化规律,同时考虑偏压角度和断面最大跨径对共振响应峰值的影响。研究结果表明：浅埋偏压黄土隧道具有多阶固有频率,衬砌的位移和应力均出现了共振现象且共振不表现出结构的自振频率特征;从围岩至衬砌段的共振响应具有放大效应;水平位移峰值随偏压角度的增大而减小;适当增大断面最大跨径对于抵抗共振是有利的;拱腰和拱脚处的主应力受共振影响较大,在隧道的抗震设计中应予以加强。 相似文献
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东非大裂谷处于持续扩张运动中,断层错动和地震作用活跃.对此依托内马铁路2号隧道工程,设计断层错动和地震作用下山岭隧道振动台试验.综合确定长度相似比0.05、密度相似比0.8、弹性模量相似比0.03,设计了一种新型的断层错动装置和隧道震动裂缝声发射监测方法.试验结果表明:断层错动装置较好的模拟了岩层错动,声发射监测技术较好的监测了断层和地震作用下隧道衬砌微裂隙产生.断层错动和地震共同作用下,Y方向的地震波引起隧道衬砌侧壁产生较大响应,Z方向地震波引起隧道衬砌拱顶产生较大响应,隧道衬砌加速度响应值受断层错动量影响较小.断层错动和地震共同作用下,Y方向输入的地震波引起的隧道断层段衬砌侧壁受拉应变较大,且随断层滑移量增加而增加,其他位置拉应变较小.断层错动和地震共同作用下,Z方向的地震波引起的隧道断层段衬砌拱顶和拱底外壁受拉应变较大,且随断层滑移量增加而增加,其他位置拉应变较小.该试验结果对类似隧道工程研究具有参考价值. 相似文献
5.
为了分析地震区隧道对各影响因素的敏感性,把隧道简化为圆形用拟静力法考虑地震的作用;围岩压力简化为均布,运用结构力学中的力法原理,结合敏感度函数的定义,推导了衬砌的内力(弯矩、轴力、剪力)关于垂直和水平地震作用力、地震作用下增加的孔隙水压力和围岩压力的敏感度函数.并对一工程实例进行了计算.结果表明:衬砌内力对各影响因素的敏感性与各因素数值的大小无关,与衬砌结构形状及侧压力系数有关;并随着侧压力系数的增加敏感性减小,表明浅埋隧道对地震的作用更敏感;衬砌对水平地震作用敏感性最大,并指出了一些最敏感的部位;孔隙水压力的存在有助于改善隧道的受力. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2021,41(5)
SV波以大角度斜入射时,场地伴随更大的竖向地震作用,这很可能使得地铁隧道地震响应特点异于小角度斜入射情况。基于粘弹性人工边界理论,采用频域刚度矩阵法计算任意角度斜入射SV波的地震动输入等效节点力,通过ABAQUS有限元软件建立自由场模型,验证了0°、30°、40°和50°斜入射SV波地震动输入的准确性;在此基础上建立任意角度斜入射SV波作用下的地下双线并行圆形地铁隧道地震响应分析数值模型,从场地类别、隧道埋深和双隧道间距等方面分析SV波入射角度对隧道结构横断面地震响应的影响。研究表明:入射角度0°及略大于SV波临界角的入射角度是浅埋圆形地铁隧道结构抗震的最不利角度,尤其对于Ⅱ类场地,若仅在临界角以内研究衬砌结构的地震响应,将显著低估衬砌结构的动力响应;此外,隧道埋深对衬砌动弯矩、动轴力峰值具有显著影响,这种影响与场地类别密切相关;Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类场地中小隧道间距条件下隧道间的动力相互作用对衬砌结构动力响应具有一定的增大效应,而Ⅳ类场地中可忽略隧道间的动力相互作用对衬砌结构动力响应所产生的影响。 相似文献
8.
采用间接边界元法(IBEM)结合"分区契合"技术,研究qP波入射下横观各向同性(TI)场地中衬砌隧道的动力响应问题。方法充分利用半空间和全空间动力格林函数在分别构造含孔半无限空间域和闭合域内散射波场方面的优势,将含有衬砌隧道的层状弹性半空间分解为含孔半无限空间域和一个环形衬砌闭合域来分别进行波场构造,有效地降低了求解时间和存储量。文中验证方法的正确性,并以均匀TI半空间和基岩上单一TI土层为例,计算分析弹性半空间场地中隧道衬砌内表面动应力放大问题。结果表明qP波入射下,TI介质与各向同性介质场地中埋置衬砌隧道的动力响应差异显著,TI介质参数的变化导致场地动力特性的改变,进而改变场地与衬砌隧道的动力相互作用机制,显著影响着衬砌内表面动应力的大小及其空间分布。 相似文献
9.
地铁隧道群对地震动的放大作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用有限元方法在时域内研究了基岩上均匀场地中隧道群对地震动的放大作用,分析了隧道间距、人射地震波频谱等因素对隧道群附近地表地震动反应谱的影响.研究表明,隧道群对地震动具有显著的放大作用,放大作用的大小与隧道间距和人射地震波频谱有着密切关系;隧道之间存在相互作用,加速度峰值的最大值多大于单隧道情况,且水平加速度峰值的... 相似文献
10.
为研究地震作用下非均质场地各个土层放大效应以及分层土-隧道的地震响应,以大连某实际工程为背景,基于地震作用下隧道结构动力响应的理论,采用收敛约束法,通过ABAQUS构建分层土-隧道三维有限元模型,并结合振动台试验,验证模拟的准确性;将自由场与有隧道场地进行对比,并结合加速度和傅里叶曲线对模拟数据进行分析。结果表明:(1)土体性质和激励大小对地震波的传递有影响,随着场地由浅到深逐渐增加,峰值加速度逐渐放大,不同分层介质的主要频率和频谱形状发生明显变化;(2)隧道会放大远场的加速度响应,略微降低近场的动力响应;(3)软弱夹层的存在对地震动的放大作用也有明显影响,不同分层介质的不同特性导致土层刚度不同,从而影响地震作用下层状土-隧道的动力相互作用。 相似文献
11.
This paper describes a systematic study on the fundamental features of seismic soil pressure on underground tunnels, in terms of its magnitude and distribution, and further identifi es the dominant factors that signifi cantly infl uence the seismic soil pressure. A tunnel embedded in water-saturated poroelastic half-space is considered, with a large variety of model and excitation parameters. The primary features of both the total soil pressure and the pore pressure are investigated. Taking a circular tunnel as an example, the results are presented using a fi nite element-indirect boundary element(FE-IBE) method, which can account for dynamic soil-tunnel interaction and solid frame-pore water coupling. The effects of tunnel stiffness, tunnel buried depth and input motions on the seismic soil pressure and pore pressure are also examined. It is shown that the most crucial factors that dominate the magnitude and distribution of the soil pressure are the tunnel stiffness and dynamic soil-tunnel interaction. Moreover, the solid frame-pore water coupling has a prominent infl uence on the magnitude of the pore pressure. The fi ndings are benefi cial to obtain insight into the seismic soil pressure on underground tunnels, thus facilitating more accurate estimation of the seismic soil pressure. 相似文献
12.
The dynamic soil-tunnel interaction is studied by the model of a rigid tunnel embedded in layered half-space,which is simplified as a single soil layer on elastic bedrock to the excitation of P- and SV-waves.The indirect boundary element method is used,combined with the Green's function of distributed loads acting on inclined lines.It is shown that the dynamic characteristics of soil-tunnel interaction in layered half-space are different much from that in homogeneous half-space,and that the mechanism of soil-tunnel interaction is also different much from that of soil-foundation-superstructure interaction.For oblique incidence,the tunnel response for in-plane incident SV-waves is completely different from that for incident SH-waves,while the tunnel response for vertically incident SV-wave is very similar to that of vertically incident SH-wave. 相似文献
13.
A procedure for the seismic analysis of underground tunnels using recorded free-field earthquakes based on the 2.5D finite/infinite element approach is presented. The near and far fields of the half space are modeled by finite and infinite elements, respectively. Using the 1D wave theory, the nodal force and displacement on the near-field boundary are computed for each spectral frequency of the earthquake. Then, equivalent seismic forces are computed for the near-field boundary for the earthquake spectrum. By assuming the soil-tunnel system to be uniform along the tunnel axis, the 2.5D approach can account for the wave transmission along the tunnel axis, which reduces to the 2D case for infinite transmission velocity. The horizontal and vertical components of the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake (TCU068) are adopted as the free-field motions in the numerical analysis. The maximal stresses and distribution patterns of the tunnel section under the P- and SV-waves are thoroughly studied by the 2.5D and 2D approaches, which should prove useful to the design of underground tunnels. 相似文献
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15.
The dynamic soil-tunnel interaction is studied by indirect boundary element method (IBEM), using the model of a rigid tunnel in layered half-space, which is simplified to a single soil layer on elastic bedrock, subjected to incident plane SH waves. The accuracy of the results is verified through comparison with the analytical solution. It is shown that soil-tunnel interaction in layered half-space is larger than that in homogeneous half-space and this interaction mechanism is essentially different from that of soil-foundation-superstructure interaction. 相似文献
16.
For the longitudinal seismic response analysis of a tunnel structure under asynchronous earthquake excitations, a longitudinal integral response deformation method classified as a practical approach is proposed in this paper. The determinations of the structural critical moments when maximal deformations and internal forces in the longitudinal direction occur are deduced as well. When applying the proposed method, the static analysis of the free-field computation model subjected to the least favorable free-field deformation at the tunnel buried depth is performed first to calculate the equivalent input seismic loads. Then, the equivalent input seismic loads are imposed on the integral tunnel-foundation computation model to conduct the static calculation. Afterwards, the critical longitudinal seismic responses of the tunnel are obtained. The applicability of the new method is verified by comparing the seismic responses of a shield tunnel structure in Beijing, determined by the proposed procedure and by a dynamic time-history analysis under a series of obliquely incident out-ofplane and in-plane waves. The results show that the proposed method has a clear concept with high accuracy and simple progress. Meanwhile, this method provides a feasible way to determine the critical moments of the longitudinal seismic responses of a tunnel structure. Therefore, the proposed method can be effectively applied to analyze the seismic response of a long-line underground structure subjected to non-uniform excitations. 相似文献
17.
Grigorios Tsinidis Kyriazis Pitilakis Christos Anagnostopoulos 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(10):2903-2929
The paper discusses the seismic response of circular tunnels in dry sand and investigates the efficiency of current seismic analysis methods at extreme lining flexibilities. Initially, a dynamic centrifuge test on a flexible circular model tunnel, embedded in dry sand, is analyzed by means of rigorous full dynamic analysis of the coupled soil–tunnel system, applying various non-linear soil and soil–tunnel interface models. The numerical results are compared to the experimental ones, aiming to better understand the recorded response and calibrate the numerical models. Then a series of numerical analyses are conducted using the validated numerical model, in order to investigate the effect of the tunnel lining rigidity on the dynamic response of the soil–tunnel system. In parallel, the accuracy of currently used simplified analysis methods is evaluated, by comparing their predictions with the results of the a priori more accurate and well validated numerical models. The comparative analyses allow us to highlight and discuss several crucial aspects of the soil-tunnel system seismic response, including (1) the post-earthquake residual values of the lining forces, which are amplified with the increase of the flexibility of the tunnel and (2) the importance of the soil-tunnel interface conditions. It is finally concluded that simplified analysis methods may provide a reasonable framework for the analysis at a preliminary stage, under certain conditions. 相似文献
18.
Tunnels are commonly designed under seismic loading assuming “free field conditions”. However, in urban areas these structures pass beneath buildings, often high-rise ones, or are located close to them. During seismic excitation, above ground structures may cause complex interaction effects with the tunnel, altering its seismic response compared to the “free field conditions” case. The paper summarizes an attempt to identify and understand these interaction effects, focusing on the tunnel response. The problem is investigated in the transversal direction, by means of full dynamic time history analyses. Two structural configurations are studied and compared to the free field conditions case, consisting of one or two above ground structures, located over a circular tunnel. Above ground structures are modeled in a simplified way as equivalent single-degree of freedom oscillators, with proper mechanical properties. Several parameters that are significantly affecting the phenomenon are accounted for in this parametric study, namely the soil to tunnel relative flexibility, the tunnel dimensions, the tunnel burial depth and the soil properties and nonlinearities during shaking. Tunnels response characteristics are compared and discussed, in terms of acceleration, deformations and lining dynamic internal forces. Internal forces are also evaluated with analytical closed form solutions, commonly used in preliminary stages of design, and compared with the numerical predictions. The results indicate that the presence of the above ground structures may have a significant effect on the seismic response of the tunnel, especially when the latter is stiff and located in shallow depths. 相似文献
19.
以天津Z2线盾构隧道工程为实例,基于ABAQUS有限元软件,建立三维梁-弹簧模型模拟盾构隧道,采用反应位移法对盾构隧道进行纵向抗震分析。根据盾构隧道接头实际情况,计算环间接头弹簧刚度。将地震作用下的自由场最大水平位移幅值,以简谐波的形式施加到盾构隧道轴向和横向。提出一种同时考虑轴向和横向水平地震动耦联效应的方法,通过调整轴向和横向(1/0.85或0.85/1)位移幅值的组合,求解了4种工况下盾构隧道的内力和接头张开量。通过对结果进行比较分析,得出一些对抗震设计具有参考价值的结论。 相似文献
20.
覆水场地地震反应分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着各种海洋结构物的兴建,覆水场地的地震反应逐渐成为研究热点。基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉描述,推导时变区域上的流体运动方程,给出流场、结构的接触条件和流场网格运动控制方法。对于平坦覆水场地,水平向地震动作用下,根据Couette流理论证明该类场地流体作用可以忽略;竖向地震动激励下,横向均匀场地可以通过动水压力公式准确考虑流体作用,横向非均匀场地则需要通过流固耦合方法考虑流体作用,以海底隧道为例加以说明。对于起伏场地,天然起伏场地在地震动激励下的动力反应具有明显的流固耦合特征,以三角形起伏场地为算例;结构物的兴建造成的人工起伏场地同样需要考虑流固耦合效应,以某沉管隧道在水平向地震动激励下的动力反应为算例,并根据结果初步提出该类结构物流固耦合分析的简化计算方法。 相似文献