共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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针对如何充分利用地质油藏数据挖掘价值信息并指导油田开发研究工作,进行了数据模型构建及应用探索,建立了两个数据模型:将平面控制点密集的构造图与纵向数据点密集的井点分层数据结合,建立三维钻井—构造高程差数据模型辅助构造变化分析,以描述任意空间位置的构造变化特征;将录井显示、测井解释数据与油气成藏特征进行联系,建立油气运移—成藏数据模型,以辅助油气运移成藏规律分析.将构造高程差数学模型应用于开发井随钻跟踪工作中,成功识别深度测量数据异常,有效避免了开发井侧钻;将油气运移—成藏数据模型应用于成熟油区周边滚动评价研究中,有效获得研究区浅层断层侧向封堵的认识,指导了研究区一个小型断块圈闭的评价和钻探并获得成功. 相似文献
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结合MB凸起油气勘查项目,总结断层解释方法:既要依据地震时间剖面特征来分析判断,更要了解盆地范围内应力场、变形机理以及工区范围内的构造样式.针对微小断层识别困难这一问题,采取多种技术手段,包括:(1)叠后目标处理提高地震资料对小断层的分辨能力;(2)正演模型分析指导小断层的解释;(3)相干数据体水平切片和近反射道几何特征分析识别微小断层;(4)三维数据体任意线剖面检验微小断层,识别了常规地震剖面难以确定的小断层,达到了断层精细解释的目的. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2020,(2)
利用地震资料检测断层对油气勘探具有重要的意义,也是地震资料解释的重点.文中发展了局部二值模式(Local Binary Pattern,LBP)方法来检测断层,并结合地震剖面的旋转不变局部方差(Rotation Invariant Variance,VAR)信息,提出一种基于LBP/VAR特征的断层检测方法.首先利用相干属性、曲率属性和边缘检测等常规的断层检测方法和LBP/VAR算子对原始地震数据进行断层刻画,说明LBP/VAR算子的有效性,再对LBP、LBP/VAR进行阈值优化处理,使其检测断层的效果更佳.其次用LBP/VAR算子实现对含噪声的理论断层模型以及实际断层图片检测并对比分析.试验结果表明LBP/VAR算子对含噪声的断层理论模型仍然有效,具有一定的鲁棒性.实际断层图片检测证明该方法对断层检测具有更好的效果.研究结果表明LBP/VAR算子具有连续性好、一定的抗干扰能力,能较好的刻画断层,为地震资料断层检测提供了一种有效的检测工具. 相似文献
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不连续地质体（如断层）的自动检测一直以来都是叠后地震数据解释中的关键问题之一,尤其在三维情况中尤为重要.然而,大多数边缘检测和相干算法都对随机噪声很敏感,随机噪声衰减是叠后地震数据解释的另一个主要问题.针对构造保护去噪和断层检测问题,本文基于非平稳相似性系数完善一种构造导向滤波方法并且提出一种自动断层检测方法,形成了一套匹配的处理技术.该构造导向滤波既能够有效地衰减随机噪声又可以很好地保护地震资料中的断层等信息不被破坏,增强地震剖面中弯曲、倾斜同相轴的连续性.根据地震数据局部倾角走向,利用相邻道构建当前地震道的预测,通过预测道的叠加得到参考道,计算预测道与参考道之间的非平稳相似性系数可以设计出数据驱动的加权中值滤波.另一方面,预测道与原始道之间的非平稳相似性系数能够用于带有断层指示性的相干分析.这两种方法都基于构造预测和非平稳相似性系数,但是使用不同的调节参数和处理方案.理论模型和实际数据的处理结果证明了本文提出构造导向滤波和断层检测方法的有效性. 相似文献
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断层解释是地震资料解释的基础与关键,准确合理的断层识别关系到构造图的精度,同时控制着油田的注采关系,对油气开采起着至关重要的作用.随着油田对断层解释精度需求的日益提高,单纯通过人工解释难以达到较高的精度,因此多种断层识别和解释方法应运而生.本文调研国内外大量相关文献,对多种断层识别方法进行分类和总结,并将常用的断层识别技术划分为四类,即:常规识别方法、地震属性识别方法、自动追踪解释方法和图像处理识别方法.重点介绍了目前应用较为广泛的断层识别方法,如相干体技术、曲率属性识别技术、方差体技术、蚂蚁追踪技术以及边缘检测技术.对每种方法的基础原理、发展历程、适用性、优缺点及实际应用效果进行了归纳总结,为其他学者进行断层识别方法研究提供参考.最后对断层识别技术未来的发展趋势做了几点展望:寻找新的对断层具有明显响应的地震属性;针对不同岩性,不同沉积环境下断层识别技术的应用;基于叠前地震数据的断层识别方法. 相似文献
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断层同震滑动的实验模拟——岩石高速摩擦实验的意义、方法与研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩石摩擦实验是断层力学和震源物理实验研究中主要的手段之一.传统低速率的岩石摩擦实验与以之为基础建立的速率状态变量摩擦本构关系理论体系,对于认识断层摩擦滑动稳定性和地震成核等地震成因机制问题具有重要意义.近20年来,断层力学领域兴起了用于模拟断层同震动态滑动的岩石高速摩擦实验.这种新的实验模拟方法揭示出断层同震滑动存在明显的摩擦生热效应,断层的力学性状主要表现为显著的滑移弱化和速度弱化,断层带物质在断层高速滑移过程中经历了各种复杂的物理化学变化.这些研究成果对于认识和评估断层同震弱化机制、断层带强度、地震能量分配、断层破裂模式、断层愈合等问题均具有重要启示.本文对岩石高速摩擦实验的意义、方法与研究进展进行了总结,提出了目前的前沿性问题和值得开展的工作. 相似文献
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在讨论了多重分形理论后,结合地震多重分形的存在性、可行性等问题的分析,针对灰岩裂缝带地震记录特征,研究了适于研究区灰岩裂缝地震多重分形检测方法.在所研究方法中,针对以往地震记录离差、求和、极值等分形测度存在的问题,设计了能够揭示地震变化的全信息分形测度刻划方法.同时对窗口函数的选取、配分函数计算中的幂次的选择及拟合计算问题进行了讨论.在理论模型验证方法正确合理性的基础上,研究了实际资料的应用.应用结果表明:1)多重分形计算结果是保幅的,并且能够揭示地震振幅异常信息;2)对较小断层甚至是裂缝带在相干体等一般技术方法不能识别这一问题上,得到了较好地解决,并通过多口井资料证实了所解决问题的有效性和效果. 相似文献
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以福州市活断层信息管理系统为例,提出了城市活断层探测信息系统建设的目标,分析了以GIS技术为支持的、面向对象的设计方法及系统结构与功能。系统在局域网内采用C/S模式,在广域网中采用B/S模式,具有用户界面、应用程序和基础数据的3层结构。探测成果数据库按照分类、分层存贮,按专题组织查询的方式管理。城市活断层探测信息管理系统以活断层探测成果数据库为基础,空间分析为支撑,集地质、地球物理、地球化学、综合查询及专题分析应用为一体,具备活断层探测及分析研究成果分类与综合查询、展示、分析等功能,这一系统的建立可为活断层研究的定量化提供坚实的数据基础与技术平台,为城市规划、土地利用等防震减灾工作的开展提供科学依据 相似文献
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Over the past nearly 20 years, there is a huge development in active fault database related technologies in China, mass of active fault data has provided us important basis for researching on earthquake and disaster reduction, etc. However, with the appearance of huge amount of active fault data, lots of problems have emerged, such as data redundancy, inefficient management and information islands, etc. One of the major reasons is lack of efficient method to share the active fault data we owned.By study and comparison, we find that WebGIS is a good solution to solve the problem of active fault data publishing and sharing. WebGIS has well combined the advantages of traditional GIS and internet technologies, it could also share geographic data quickly, provide abundant browsing, searching and analysis functions. Based on the project of "China Earthquake Active Fault Detection—The North China Tectonic Region", and taking the foundational database information sharing platform of the active fault detection and survey as an example, the paper introduces the key technologies of active fault data sharing platform with latest WebGIS technology. The sharing system, which employs ArcGIS Server 10.0 as the GIS server, and utilizes MS-Silverlight technology at the client side, makes use of three-layer architecture which is popular in current B/S mode. To guarantee the security of the database on the internet, data source in the backend of the system is a simplified version of the active fault database of the North China tectonic region. Finally, the system has realized the publishing and sharing of 1 ︰ 50000 active fault mapping and main geophysical survey lines in North China tectonic region, and moreover, it provides some conventional map operations as well as fault searching and locating functions.The wide use of active fault data decides the significance of sharing system. It is very convenient to use this lightweight data sharing system to provide important basis for relevant industries, such as urban planning, land use and engineering site option, etc. 相似文献
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Ömer Emre Tamer Y. Duman Selim Özalp Fuat Şaroğlu Şeyda Olgun Hasan Elmacı Tolga Çan 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(8):3229-3275
We have updated the active fault map of Turkey and built its database within GIS environment. In the study, four distinct active fault types, classified according to geochronological criteria and character, were delineated on the 1:25,000 base map of Turkey. 176 fault segments not included in the former active fault map of Turkey, have been identified and documented. We infer that there are 485 single fault segments which are substantially potential seismic sources. In total 1964 active-fault base-maps were transferred into the GIS environment. Each fault was attributed with key parameters such as class, activity, type, length, trend, and attitude of fault plane. The fault parameters are also supported by slip-rate and seismogenic depth inferred from available GPS, seismological and paleoseismological data. Additionally, expected maximum magnitude for each fault segment was estimated by empirical equations. We present the database in a parametric catalogue of fault segments to be of interest in earthquake engineering and seismotectonics. The study provides essential geological and seismological inputs for regional seismic hazard analysis of all over Turkey and its vicinity. 相似文献
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Mine Betül Demircioğlu Karin Şeşetyan Tamer Y. Duman Tolga Çan Senem Tekin Semih Ergintav 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(8):3399-3438
Over the years, several local and regional seismic hazard studies have been conducted for the estimation of the seismic hazard in Turkey using different statistical processing tools for instrumental and historical earthquake data and modeling the geologic and tectonic characteristics of the region. Recently developed techniques, increased knowledge and improved databases brought the necessity to review the national active fault database and the compiled earthquake catalogue for the development of a national earthquake hazard map. A national earthquake strategy and action plan were conceived and accordingly with the collaboration of the several institutions and expert researchers, the Revision of Turkish Seismic Hazard Map Project (UDAP-Ç-13-06) was initiated, and finalized at the end of 2014. The scope of the project was confined to the revision of current national seismic hazard map, using the state of the art technologies and knowledge of the active fault, earthquake database, and ground motion prediction equations. The following two seismic source zonation models are developed for the probabilistic earthquake hazard analysis: (1) Area source model, (2) Fault and spatial smoothing seismic source model (FSBCK). In this study, we focus on the development and the characterization of the Fault Source model, the background spatially smoothed seismicity model and intrinsic uncertainty on the earthquake occurrence-rates-estimation. Finally, PSHA results obtained from the fault and spatial smoothed seismic source model are presented for 43, 72, 475 and 2475 years return periods (corresponding to 69, 50, 10, and 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years) for PGA and 5% damped spectral accelerations at 0.2 and 1.0 s. 相似文献
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1 Introduction Earthquake disaster investigations show that numerous strong earthquakes were caused by remobilization of active faults. Major casualties and severe damage to buildings as well as signi?cant economic losses resulted from the ground motions of strongearthquakescausedbyactivefaultslocatedbeneath urban areas. Recently, the potential hazard prediction of and its mitigation against active faults located beneath urban areas have become an important research topic for seismologists and… 相似文献
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地震防灾减灾能力是国家的重点需求，针对当前城市抗震应急存在的灵活性差问题，在过去研究的基础上，将GIS系统应用至城市抗震救灾应急响应中，建立的GIS系统利用地震灾害评估模块、数据库管理模块、地震应急响应和指挥决策模块构成城市抗震救灾应急响应框架，完成城市GIS系统的应用分析。地震灾害评估模块中计算震害总体损失、经济损失和生命损失，实现地震灾害评估信息数据的精确性采集；数据库管理模块中的抗灾救灾应急响应数据库主要利用矢量数据、数字正射影像数据和其他专题数据构成，完成一致性访问各种类型数据，提高城市抗震救灾应急响应灵活性；在响应与决策模块中利用核心服务器实现数据信息的上传下达，实现快速救援响应。研究中对这套GIS系统与当前方法做对比，进行抗震救灾过程灵活性、救援数据精准性的比较实验。实验对比结果表明，所提研究成果提供的救援数据精确性强，且运行过程中灵活系数等部分指标高于当前研究。 相似文献