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1.
采用沉水植物苦草(V.natans)和黑藻(H.verticillata)作为研究对象,在其旺盛生长期测定群落内外上覆水及沉积物各形态磷的含量,以探究不同根系特点的沉水植物对沉积物中各形态磷垂直分布的影响.结果表明:实验进行30 d后苦草和黑藻组沉积物总磷(TP)、无机磷(IP)和氢氧化钠提取磷(NaOH-P)含量在垂直方向均呈现不同程度的降低.苦草和黑藻组沉积物TP的含量在4.5 cm深度处降低幅度最大,较对照组分别下降了58.91和36.46 mg/kg;IP含量分别在沉积物6.0和3.0 cm深度处降低幅度最大,较对照组分别降低了85.41和57.41 mg/kg.总体来看,沉水植物苦草对沉积物各形态磷含量降低的影响大于黑藻.  相似文献   

2.
湖泊富营养化是世界面临的重大环境问题,磷在沉积物-水界面的循环在富营养化过程中起关键作用,因此,研究沉水植物对沉积物-水界面磷循环的作用及其机理具重要的理论和实践意义.本实验通过在水泥池中(4.0 m×7.0 m×1.5 m)种植苦草(Vallisneria natans),并采用定期更换原位上覆水的方式模拟自然状态下的水体交换,研究了沉水植物苦草从定植到生长末期沉积物中不同形态磷含量的变化,以期揭示期间苦草对沉积物中磷赋存形态的影响.结果表明,本实验条件下苦草经历了两个生长阶段,在约1个月的快速生长期内能显著降低沉积物中的总磷(TP)含量,TP含量降低了78.79 mg/kg,其中有机磷(Org-P)含量降低49.99 mg/kg,对TP降低的贡献度为62.67%,而钙结合态磷(Ca-P)比对照组减少2.20%,因此,苦草可能主要通过促进Org-P的矿化向水柱和间隙水中释放磷的方式降低沉积物中TP含量,其次苦草可促进Ca-P的分解;此外,苦草为满足植株生长,所吸收的沉积物铁结合态磷(Fe-P)和铝结合态磷(Al-P)分别为2.99和4.10 mg/kg,但苦草对沉积物中闭蓄态磷(Oc-P)含量没有显著影响.在缓慢生长阶段,苦草促进有机物的沉降以及Fe-P和Oc-P的形成,Fe-P和Oc-P含量分别增加14.82和101.53 mg/kg.苦草对Al-P的形成也略有促进作用,其含量升高7.39%.研究结果表明,苦草在不同生长阶段对沉积物中磷形态的转化以及各形态磷的迁移方向具有不同的影响.在快速生长期苦草转化吸收高活性磷,将其固定到植株体内;缓慢生长阶段则促进水体中的磷转化成沉积物中难分解态的磷,对磷的沉降表现出积极促进作用.  相似文献   

3.
采用沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)为研究对象,在其衰亡期测定群落内、外上覆水及沉积物各形态磷的含量,以探究沉水植物在其衰亡期对上覆水和沉积物中各形态磷的影响.结果表明:苦草衰亡过程中上覆水中总磷、可溶性总磷、溶解性活性磷、颗粒磷、可溶性有机磷浓度的变化相对平稳,与对照组相比无显著差异;沉积物中各形态磷含量均呈小幅度上升趋势,在实验结束时,苦草组沉积物中总磷含量为719.27 mg/kg,和初始值比增加了14.68 mg/kg,无机磷和有机磷含量分别增加了12.06和2.20 mg/kg,氢氧化钠提取磷和盐酸提取磷含量分别增加了7.05和4.29 mg/kg.总体来看,沉水植物苦草在其衰亡过程中分解速率较慢,对水-沉积物之间各形态磷含量无显著影响.  相似文献   

4.
模拟湖泊系统构建了"沉积物-水-苦草(Vallisneria natans)"系统,应用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)法测定在沉水植物苦草不同生长时期沉积物表层微生物群落结构的变化,探讨沉水植物对沉积物中的微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,从苦草生长初期到旺盛期再到衰亡期,沉积物中有机质含量先下降后上升;总磷、有机磷、无机磷分别下降了8.97%、7.81%、10.28%;沉积物微生物的活性与总磷呈极显著负相关,在苦草生长初期和旺盛期,实验组的沉积物微生物活性大于对照组,而在衰亡期对照组的沉积物微生物活性略高于实验组;不同时期沉积物中微生物群落结构发生了明显变化,组成结构差异显著,微生物组成中细菌占主要成分(占微生物总量的76%~84%);细菌中革兰氏阳性菌占主要优势,且革兰氏阳性菌百分含量随苦草生长呈上升趋势,革兰氏阴性菌呈下降趋势;真菌的百分含量呈上升趋势.  相似文献   

5.
耿楠  王沛芳  王超  祁凝  王智源 《湖泊科学》2015,27(4):637-642
在浅水湖泊中,沉降在沉积物中的营养盐易受到水流的扰动再释放出来,而沉水植物可以在一定程度减少营养盐的释放.借助自主开发的生态水槽,在40 d的实验周期内检测动、静水条件下有、无苦草(Vallisneria natans L.)时沉积物、上覆水中磷含量变化,旨在为沉水植物对湖泊沉积物营养盐释放量的影响估算及水环境质量评价提供科学依据.结果表明:动水条件下,沉积物在没有苦草的保护下总磷含量下降21.8%,而有苦草的保护下总磷含量下降17.7%.苦草根系从周围沉积物中吸收磷,1~4 cm沉积物层的吸收量高于4~8 cm沉积物层.动水槽的上覆水中总溶解态磷浓度和总颗粒态磷浓度均大量增加,并且总颗粒态磷浓度相对于总溶解态磷浓度占较大比例.苦草减少了沉积物中磷的释放,并对上覆水中正磷酸盐有明显的吸收作用.  相似文献   

6.
鄱阳湖沉积物中磷的赋存形态及分布特征   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
向速林  周文斌 《湖泊科学》2010,22(5):649-654
利用分级提取法对鄱阳湖沉积物进行了磷形态的分级提取和测定,系统研究了沉积物中磷的赋存形态及分布特征.结果表明,鄱阳湖表层沉积物中磷的赋存形态主要包括铁磷(Fe-P)、钙磷(Ca-P)、铝磷(Al-P)、可溶性磷(DP)等无机磷(IP)及有机磷(OP),各形态磷的空间分布基本具有从河口地区监测点向湖区监测点方向升高的趋势,垂向分布上总磷及各形态磷含量随深度增加而降低.表层沉积物(0-2cm)中总磷含量为578.36-813.55mg/kg,主要由无机磷组成,无机磷中以Fe-P含量最高,最大值达350.24mg/kg,占总磷的40%以上,Ca-P、Al-P含量相当,约占总磷含量的20%左右,而以DP的含量最低,含量在5%以下.有机磷含量约占总磷含量的15%左右.另外,沉积物中TP含量与Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P及OP均具有较好的相关性,且OP含量与Fe-P、Al-P也具有较好的正相关关系,而与Ca-P的相关性较弱.  相似文献   

7.
应用化学提取法分析了红枫湖主要出入湖河口及湖心沉积物生物可利用磷(BAP)的含量,并探讨了BAP空间分布与总磷(TP)和粒度组成之间的关系.研究结果表明,各形态BAP含量顺序为:藻类可利用磷(AAP)NaHCO3可提取磷(Olsen-P)水溶性磷(WSP)易解吸磷(RDP).沉积物柱芯中BAP迅速降低,剖面变化比TP更为明显.各形态BAP与TP显著相关,除RDP与AAP外,其它形态BAP之间也显著相关.Olsen-P是评价红枫湖沉积物磷的生物有效性的最佳指标.红枫湖沉积物颗粒组成以粘土及粉砂为主,湖心沉积物比河口粒度小.表层(0-5cm)沉积物中Olsen-P和AAP的含量与细组分(粘土)的比例呈正相关,而RDP、WSP与细组分呈负相关性,表明沉积物细组分对深水湖泊富营养化的重要性.  相似文献   

8.
采集武昌南湖湖水、沉积物进行沉水植物的盆栽试验,试验设置沉积物未施磷处理和施100mg/kg磷处理,分别对应沉积物低内源磷和高内源磷状态,同时种植菹草、伊乐藻,以研究沉积物中磷形态及上覆水水质的变化特点.研究从2007年9月15日开始,历时160d.结果表明,高内源磷沉积物处理后,上覆水中水溶性总磷含量在沉水植物的作用下明显降低;种植沉水植物可使水体总磷、总氮、叶绿素a含量显著降低,且伊乐藻对总磷的净化效果优于菹草;沉水植物对高内源磷沉积物的上覆水中叶绿素a的控制比对低内源磷条件下的效果更好;无论沉积物是否输入磷,在盆栽条件下,上覆水中叶绿素a随时间的变化均能较好地用一级动力学模型来描述;上覆水TDP、TP与沉积物中Ca_(10)-P之间有极显著正相关;种植菹草或伊乐藻的沉积物中Ca_(10)-P与上覆水中TDP和TP的相关系数分别为0.990(P≤0.01)和0.977(P≤0.05).  相似文献   

9.
张雨  晏再生  吴慧芳  江和龙  郝征 《湖泊科学》2018,30(4):1012-1018
沉水植物是浅水湖泊生态系统的关键种群,对水环境质量及水生生态系统结构有重要影响.以东太湖大水港和湖湾区2个典型的具有不同污染程度的沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)生长区域为研究对象,考察苦草对多环芳烃(PAHs)的修复效果.结果表明,经过34 d植物修复试验,重度污染的东太湖大水港沉积物中PAHs的去除率为62%,沉积物中PAHs降解速率为0.024 d-1;而中度污染的东太湖湖湾区沉积物的PAHs去除率为42%,其降解速率为0.015 d~(-1).种植苦草的沉积物中PAHs的降解速率是未种植苦草的降解速率的2~3倍.苦草对沉积物中高分子量PAHs的修复效果尤为显著.因此,苦草可以有效地用于PAHs污染沉积物的修复,尤其是在重污染和高分子量PAHs污染沉积物中,苦草的修复作用更加明显.  相似文献   

10.
沉积物间隙水溶解态反应性磷(SRP)是反映沉积物磷地球化学特征的敏感指标,对其高分辨率获取一直是难点.基于薄膜扩散平衡(DET)原理,以琼脂糖为原料制备薄膜,通过平衡、切片、提取、测定等步骤,获得溶解态反应性磷的含量信息.实验确定薄膜在磷溶液中的平衡时间为24h,通过0.25mol/L硝酸提取16h可将薄膜萃取的磷提取完全.利用DET技术对不同沉积物间隙水SRP进行了分析,与实际浓度的差异在±5%以内;对沉积物剖面的分析结果与Rhizon、微型Peeper等采样技术基本一致,垂直分辨率可达到3mm左右.利用DET技术对太湖草型和藻型湖区沉积物间隙水SRP进行丁分析,发现草型湖区间隙水剖面SRP呈峰形分布,且横向空间分异明显;藻型湖区间隙水SRP随沉积深度的增加呈升高趋势,扩散梯度随水温升高而增强.  相似文献   

11.
郭洪涛  曹特  倪乐意 《湖泊科学》2008,20(2):221-227
本实验分别选用武汉东湖中营养和富营养湖区的湖水和底泥,并在水柱中添加氮或磷以设置高营养、中营养、中营养添加磷、中营养添加氮等四种营养环境.测定这四种营养条件下栽培苦草(Vallisneria natans)的生长和生化指标变化,探讨不同营养环境对苦草生长的影响机制.实验结果表明,苦草的生物量、叶数和新芽数等生长指标在中营养环境最高,中营养环境添加磷次之,中营养环境添加氮较低,在高营养环境最低;苦草可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量在高营养环境中最高,在中营养环境、中营养环境添加磷和中营养环境添加氮等处理间没有明显差异.结果分析表明,高营养环境影响苦草的碳氮代谢水平并抑制苦草生长,这可能是由于苦草过量富集高营养环境中的氮素造成的;中营养环境中氮的升高会在一定程度上抑制苦草的生长,而磷的升高对苦草生长没有明显抑制作用.  相似文献   

12.
浮游绿藻对沉水植物苦草生长的抑制作用   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
黎慧娟  倪乐意 《湖泊科学》2007,19(2):111-117
浮游植物大量生长引起的遮光通常被认为是导致富营养湖泊中沉水植物的衰退的主要原因,但是藻类对沉水植物的竞争抑制作用还包括化感作用和无机碳竞争等重要方面,它们可能产生很大影响.为了验证这一观点,本文测定了除遮光以外浮游植物对沉水植物的抑制作用.在相似遮光下(10%-33%),对比研究了不同遮光方式(黑塑料网的物理遮光/浮游绿藻的生物遮光)对苦草(Vallisneria natans)生长和光合作用的影响.结果表明在遮阳网作用下苦草的生长指标(叶数、叶长、叶片叶绿素含量和生物量)和净光合速率都显著高于浮游绿藻作用下苦草,且后一种处理下苦草叶片上端有腐烂现象.由此可见,浮游绿藻对沉水植物生长除了通过遮光抑制生长外,还有较遮光更加严重的抑制作用.这可能是由于浮游绿藻通过化感作用和对可利用光合有效辐射光能和溶解无机碳的竞争优势抑制了苦草的光合作用.  相似文献   

13.
Fine sediment in suspended form, recently deposited overbank and in temporary storage on or in channel beds, was collected in the Nene basin during a period of drought through to a period of four high flows. The sediment was analysed for arsenic, copper, lead, phosphorus and zinc concentrations with the aim of investigating their sources, movement, temporary storage and potential for environmental harm. Copper, lead and zinc probably originated from urban street dusts, phosphorus (originally in dissolved form) from sewage effluent and arsenic from natural soils developed over ironstone. There was little difference in the metal or arsenic concentrations in the sediment under different flow conditions; instead, proximity to pollutant sources appeared to control their concentrations. Phosphorus in tributary sub‐catchments probably adsorbed to sediment during periods of low flow but these sediments were flushed away during high flows and replaced by sediment with lower concentrations. However, concentrations of all pollutants in overbank sediments along the Nene's main channel were not reduced in successive flood events, suggesting no first flush effect. Only phosphorus accumulated on sediment at concentrations exceeding those of its catchment‐based sources (e.g. street dusts, channel banks and catchment soils). This scavenging of aqueous phosphate by sediment explained the difference in behaviour between phosphorus, arsenic and heavy metals. The surface area and organic matter content were shown to have a small effect on contaminant concentrations. Street dust contaminants only exceeded predicted effect levels in close proximity to urban areas, suggesting a small potential for harm to the aquatic environment. Arsenic concentrations exceeded predicted effect levels in most sediment samples. However, it has been shown to be largely non‐bioavailable in previously published research on the Nene, limiting its potential for significant environmental harm. Phosphorus concentrations in river sediments are high in comparison to the soils in the catchment and in comparison with sediment–P concentrations in other published lowland catchment studies, indicating a large potential for eutrophication should the Phosphorus be, or become, bioavailable. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
Using sediment traps, we aimed to elucidate the temporal and spatial variations in sediment fluxes in large and shallow Lake Peipsi, over the May to October 2011 period, and analyze the factors behind those variations. The effects of weather factors (mean and maximum wind velocity, water level and water temperature) on sediment resuspension and the concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and chlorophyll a (Chl a) were investigated. Moreover, the internal loading of TP due to sediment resuspension was determined. The sediment resuspension rates were significantly higher in the shallower waters than in the deeper parts of the lake. Resuspension was a major factor in sedimentation dynamics of the lake, which is presently subject to eutrophication. The rates of sediment resuspension followed the same pattern as gross sedimentation during the study period, and their respective values differed significantly between sampling dates. The highest resuspension rates were observed in September (mean 55.4 g dw m?2 day?1), when the impacts of wind events were particularly pronounced. Weather factors that were recorded approximately 2 weeks before water and sediment sampling affected the gross sedimentation and sediment resuspension. The water quality variables of SS, TP, SRP, Chl a were similarly affected. During the study, TP concentrations of the water were mainly determined by the resuspension of sediments containing a large pool of organic material. Although internal loading of TP due to resuspension was several times greater than external loading, external loading determines the amount of phosphorus that enters the lake and can be resuspended.  相似文献   

15.
Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later.  相似文献   

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