共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
以Ziolkowski提出的算法为基础,提出更为准确的气枪震源信号模拟模型。模型引入范德瓦尔斯方程和准静态开放式热力学系统,考虑了气体和水之间的热交换作用、枪口节流作用和气泡上浮因素,并讨论了海面反射对信号的影响,给出了模拟计算过程,最终获得了改进的气枪信号模拟模型。利用模型进行实验,结果表明:(1)海水温度与震源信号能量成正比,与子波信号的信噪比成反比;(2)海面反射造成的陷波效应受实际条件下的海面反射系数和震源沉放深度的影响;(3)气枪的工作压力较高,超出理想气体状态方程的适用范围,应用范式方程可提高模型准确度;(4)改进模型所模拟的气枪子波与气枪激发的实际子波十分吻合。能够精确模拟单枪信号的模型是研究和模拟气枪枪阵信号的基础。现有的大部分模型假设所产生气泡内的气体为理想气体,但由于气枪的工作压力很高,这种假设会导致一定的误差。为了能够精确地模拟气枪信号,在齐奥科斯基算法的基础上,应用范德瓦尔斯方程,建立了新的模型。模型中还引入了准静态开放式热力学系统,考虑了气体和水之间的热交换作用、枪口节流作用和气泡上浮因素,并讨论了海面反射对信号的影响。利用建立的模型进行实验发现:(1)海水温度与震源信号能量成正比,与子波信号的信噪比成反比;(2)海面反射造成的陷波效应受实际条件下的海面反射系数和震源沉放深度的影响;(3)气枪的工作压力较高,超出理想气体状态方程的适用范围,应用范式方程可提高模型准确度;(4)改进模型所模拟的气枪子波与气枪激发的实际子波十分吻合。这些都证明了本文提出的模型能够精确地模拟气枪单枪信号。 相似文献
2.
《地震研究》2017,(1)
通过分析福建街面水库气枪实验的OBS竖向速度记录,研究大容量气枪阵列子波时频特性及其受气枪数量和枪阵尺寸的影响。数据分析结果表明:(1)气枪子波由主脉冲和气泡脉冲组成,同时伴随有水面虚反射引起的负脉冲。主脉冲振幅大、持时短、频带宽,通常应用于浅部探测;气泡脉冲能量集中在低频段,垂直穿透深,水平传播远,通常应用于深部探测。在频谱上可以看到气泡振荡引起的频谱波动和虚反射引起的陷波点。(2)气枪数量增加,主脉冲振幅和气泡脉冲振幅相应增加,初泡比震荡变小,气泡周期和低频段主频主要受单枪容量影响,变化很小,频谱形状较为一致。(3)街面水库气枪阵列的枪阵尺寸远大于单枪气泡半径,各枪子波之间相互作用很小,枪阵子波近似为各枪子波线性叠加,子波参数随枪阵尺寸变化影响不大。 相似文献
3.
基于可压缩气泡动力学理论,建立改进的高压气枪震源气泡物理模型,其中考虑气枪气泡系统之间的物质输运效应、气液热传导等多种影响因素.改进模型的计算结果与实验数据吻合良好,且优于传统模型.在此基础上,本文分别探究了特征参数对单枪和双枪气泡动力学特性及流场压力波的影响规律.研究表明气枪开口方式是模拟压力波首脉冲的关键因素,但是对于后续的气泡溃灭脉动压力影响较小;气枪平移运动对气泡的影响可忽略不计;气枪非同步激发可在保证压力波低频段能量不降低的前提下,在一定程度上削弱高频段能量.本研究旨在为深海资源勘探新型气枪的设计提供参考. 相似文献
4.
大容量气枪震源子波时频特性及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
通过分析福建街面水库气枪实验的近场水听器记录,研究气枪子波时频特性及其受沉放深度和工作压力的影响,并结合气泡模型解释气泡振荡过程。数据分析表明：①气枪子波由主脉冲和气泡脉冲组成。主脉冲振幅大,持时短,频带宽,通常应用于浅部探测;气泡脉冲能量集中在低频段,垂直穿透深,水平传播远,通常应用于深部探测。②随沉放深度的增加,主脉冲振幅变化很小,气泡脉冲振幅增加,初泡比减小,气泡周期减小,低频段主频增加。沉放深度为10m时,主脉冲振幅和初泡比最大,可应用于浅部探测;沉放深度为25m时,气泡脉冲振幅很大,初泡比最小,可应用于深部探测。③工作压力增加时,主脉冲振幅、气泡脉冲振幅、初泡比、气泡周期等随之增大,低频段主频则减小。 相似文献
5.
通过分析福建街面水库气枪实验的近场水听器记录,研究气枪子波时频特性及其受沉放深度和工作压力的影响,并结合气泡模型解释气泡振荡过程。数据分析表明:1气枪子波由主脉冲和气泡脉冲组成。主脉冲振幅大,持时短,频带宽,通常应用于浅部探测;气泡脉冲能量集中在低频段,垂直穿透深,水平传播远,通常应用于深部探测。2随着沉放深度的增加,主脉冲振幅变化很小,而气泡脉冲振幅增加,初泡比减小,气泡周期减小,低频段主频增加。沉放深度为10m时,主脉冲振幅和初泡比最大,可应用于浅部探测;沉放深度为25m时,气泡脉冲振幅很大,初泡比最小,可应用于深部探测。3工作压力增加时,主脉冲振幅、气泡脉冲振幅、初泡比、气泡周期等随之增大,低频段主频则减小。 相似文献
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7.
由于气枪阵列所激发的子波具有能量强,气泡比高等优点,因此,海上地震勘探大多采用气枪阵列进行激发。但是气枪阵列具有一定的长度和宽度,加之海水虚反射的影响;致使气枪阵列子波具有明显的方向性效应,破坏了地震子波一致性,改变了反射振幅随入射角和方位角的函数关系。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于非稳态反演的方向性反褶积方法。该方法首先根据气枪阵列的空间配置和近场子波计算与方位角和出射角有关的远场子波。然后,基于速度模型计算不同时间地震反射在震源位置的出射角,构建方向性滤波算子。最后,采用非稳态反演方法将不同方向的地震子波整形为阵列正下方的远场子波,实现气枪阵列子波方向性反褶积处理。 相似文献
8.
大容量气枪水库激发作为陆地震源的可行性与有效性已经得到成功验证.为进一步提高气枪震源激发效果,本文通过水库气枪激发试验对单枪容量为2000 in3的气枪震源激发子波特征及规律进行了研究.依据近场水听器和远场短周期地震仪记录数据,分析气枪震源沉放深度、工作压力等不同激发条件对压力脉冲和气泡脉冲的影响.有助于人们根据不同尺度地下结构探测对震源激发信号的要求,调整气枪激发参数和激发环境,获得最佳激发效果.试验结果表明：（1）沉放深度对压力脉冲波形影响较小,其优势频率不随沉放深度而改变;（2）随着沉放深度从5 m增加到11 m,气泡脉冲的优势频率由5 Hz增加至7 Hz,其最大振幅亦近线性递增;（3）工作压力越大,激发压力脉冲能量越强,而对气泡脉冲的影响主要体现在主频降低.适合远距离深穿透地下结构探测的低频信号主要来自大容量气枪所激发气泡的反复振荡,由于气枪振荡过程非常复杂,本文通过较为简洁的数学和物理模型进行了解释. 相似文献
9.
为了深入研究流体对岩石中弹性波速度和衰减的影响,必须考虑到流体的分布和粘性。引入气体包裹体模型来研究粘性流体的分布对松散介质中P波速度和衰减的影响,用气泡平均半径来描述流体分布的不均匀性,计算了不同气泡半径和频率下P波速度和衰减随饱和度变化的曲线,并与有效流体模型作了比较,由于流体喷流的存在会使Gassmann方程在高频下不适用,用干燥和饱和流体的P波、S波速度修正了理论曲线。测量了玻璃微珠中不同水饱和度下高频P波的速度和衰减,并尝试用峰值频率来计算衰减。此方法求出的Q和频谱比法求出的Q在干燥或饱和水时基本相同,随饱和度的变化规律也基本一致,但衰减峰的大小有差异。根据实测值得似事经修正的波速和衰减理论曲线从而估算出气泡平均半径,认为P波速度和衰减不仅与饱和度有关而且也与介质内部气体－液体压力平衡有关。 相似文献
10.
《国际地震动态》2015,(10)
详细了解震源的辐射场对于有效的震源设计和震源波场反褶积是非常必要的。为了了解气枪理论和操作原理,就有必要研究气枪在水下释放产生的气泡运动。气枪能够在水下释放高压气泡,气泡膨胀产生地震波,被用于反射地震学研究。本论文是关于水中气泡运动产出地震压力波,也称为气枪信号。首先讨论单个气泡的相关物理原理,其次从海洋流体力学和空气热力学的基础方程推导出气泡的动态特性。一旦了解单个气泡的动态特性,就容易了解一组气枪气泡的行为特性。本文详细解释了使用气枪阵列的原因,并讨论了在实际应用中的性能规范。本文探讨了不同类型的气枪,解释了具体的操作流程,并讨论了安装于地震勘探船上由GPS导航系统和气动式电脑联合控制的枪控系统。 相似文献
11.
MARTIN LANDR
《Geophysical Prospecting》1992,40(7):721-747
In 1989 a new type of marine seismic source was introduced. This new air-gun, which consists of two air chambers instead of one, is called the GI gun. The main feature of this gun is that the bubble created by the gun is stabilized by an injection of extra air from the second chamber at a later time. This injection mechanism reduces the amplitude of the bubble oscillations, which also means that the acoustic signal from a GI gun shot is characterized by a very clean primary pulse followed by very small bubble oscillations. A method for calculating the acoustic signal generated by a GI gun is presented. Based on the solution of a damped Kirkwood–Bethe equation, the far-field pressure of single GI guns and of arrays of GI guns is calculated. It is shown that the optimal values for injection start time and injection period vary with injector volume and gun depth. It is also shown that the precision in the firing time for the injector should be of the order of 4 ms, while the precision of the injection period should be of the order of 8 ms. Modelled and measured far-field signatures have been compared, and the relative error energy is found to be less than 3.5% for all examples. 相似文献
12.
Experiments in an 850 litre water tank were performed in order to study temperature effects on airgun signatures, and to achieve a better understanding of the physical processes that influence an airgun signature. The source was a bolt airgun with a chamber volume of 1.6 cu.in. The pressure used was 100 bar and the gun depth was 0.5 m. The water temperature in the tank was varied between 5°C and 45°C. Near-field signatures were recorded at different water temperatures. Typical signature characteristics such as the primary-to-bubble ratio and the bubble time period increased with increasing water temperature. For comparison and in order to check whether this is valid for larger guns, computer modelling of airguns with chamber volumes of 1.6 and 40 cu.in. was performed. In the modelling the same behaviour of the signatures with increasing water temperature can be observed. The increase in the primary-to-bubble ratio and the bubble time period with increasing water temperature can be explained by an increased mass transfer across the bubble wall. 相似文献
13.
R. C. JOHNSTON 《Geophysical Prospecting》1982,30(6):752-773
Source strength of an airgun array may be increased by:
- — utilizing higher pressure,
- — increasing total array volume,
- — employing more guns,
- — improving gun efficiency.
- — shuttle motion,
- — bubble pressure,
- — chamber pressure,
- — bubble radius.
14.
R. SCHULZE-GATTERMANN 《Geophysical Prospecting》1972,20(1):155-192
During the last few years the airpulser, or air gun, has become very common as an energy source for marine seismic surveys. This paper describes the physical processes which take place during the operation of the pulser and develops theoretical results concerning the energy and frequency of the radiated signal and the amplitude decay of the secondary bubble pulses. The theory takes into account the presence of the airpulser itself which is assumed to be a rigid sphere within the bubble of released air. The theoretical results are combined and compared with measurements made of the pressure within the airpulser, the acceleration of the body of the pulser, and the amplitude and frequency of the signal radiated into the surrounding water. A formula for calculating the bubble frequency is given and a diagram made of the energy partition between mechanical losses, radiated energy, etc. Finally, a comparison is made of the energy release from the airpulser with that from TNT. 相似文献
15.
High-speed photography has been used visually to study the shape, surface, turbulence and behaviour of an underwater oscillating bubble generated by an airgun. The source was a BOLT airgun with a chamber volume of 1.6cu.in., placed in a 0.85m3 tank at 0.5m depth. Near-field signatures were also recorded in order to compare the instant photographs of the oscillating bubble with the pressure field recorded about 25 cm from the gun. Estimations of the bubble-wall velocity and bubble radius estimated from high-speed film sequences are also presented, and are compared with modelled results. The deviation between the modelled and measured bubble radii was at most 9%. In order to check the capacity for transmission of light through the bubble, a concentrated laser beam was used as illumination. We found that the air bubble is a strong scattering medium of laser light, hence the bubble is opaque. 相似文献
16.
根据Chapman理论模型,在各向异性介质(如HTI介质)中,当入射角在0-45。范围内,慢横波会发生较大的衰减和频散,且对流体粘度敏感,而P波和快横波则比较小。对于沿裂隙法向传播的慢横波,其振幅受流体影响很大。因此,在P波响应对流体不敏感的情况下,可利用慢横波来获得裂隙型油气藏的流体信息。本文分析了胜利油田垦71地区三维三分量地震数据,检测出的慢横波振幅和旅行时异常与该区的测井资料十分吻合。分析结果还发现,与含油区相比,含水区会产生更高的横波分裂。在含水区,慢横波振幅会产生明显变化,而在含油区则几乎没有变化。 相似文献
17.
Models that simulate the signature of single airguns form the basis for modelingthe signals of airgun arrays. Most of the existing models assume that the air inside theproduced bubble is ideal gas, which may lead to errors because of the high operating pressureof the airguns. In this study, we propose a model that precisely simulates the signals of singleairguns by applying the Van der Waals equation based on the Ziolkowski algorithm. We alsoconsider a thermodynamically open quasistatic system, the heat transition between waterand gas, the throttling effect of the port and the bubble rise, and the effect of the sea surface.Modeling experiments show that （1） the energy of the source increases and the signal-to-noise ratio of the signature wavelet decreases with increasing seawater temperature, （2） thereflection coefficient of the sea surface under the actual state and depth of the source affectsthe notch caused by the surface reflection, （3） the computed signature with the proposedmodel is very close to the actual data, and （4） the proposed model accurately simulates thesignature of sinale air~uns. 相似文献