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Ariane Drouin 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):526-539
Résumé La micro-topographie des zones inondables influence l'étendue des nappes d'eau des secteurs submergés lors des crues. Cette analyse vise à comparer des méthodes d'interpolation pour la réalisation de modèles numériques d'élévation (MNE) de haute précision représentant la micro-topographie des plaines d'inondation. Ces méthodes ont été comparées au moyen d'un système d'information géographique (SIG) afin d'identifier lesquelles apparaissent les plus efficaces dans l'élaboration de l'image micro-topographique des sites, et ce en fonction d'un nombre restreint de données d'élévation. L'efficacité de chacune des méthodes d'interpolation a été validée au moyen du calcul de l'erreur quadratique moyenne, de tests statistiques, de cartes de l'erreur et d'une évaluation visuelle en trois dimensions. Il ressort que les méthodes d'interpolation du krigeage simple, de la fonction radiale, du réseau de triangles irréguliers et du krigeage ordinaire sont celles qui représentent le plus adéquatement la micro-topographie des sites, alors que les méthodes d'interpolation de l'inverse de la distance et du krigeage universel produisent des erreurs élevées. Citation Drouin, A. & Saint-Laurent, D. (2010) Comparaison des méthodes d'interpolation pour l'élaboration de modèles numériques d'élévation de haute précision dans la représentation micro-topographique des plaines inondables. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(4), 526?539. 相似文献
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Summary The author summarizes the various results concerning the total -radioactivity of the samples taken either at the level of the earth or at different altitudes. Furthermore, in the first paragraph, the difficulties encountered during these measurements as well as the observations made after the French explosions, are indicated. The results, in the second paragraph are discussed either under the form of radioactivity curves dependant on the altitude, or through employing the notion of the speed of the fall out. 相似文献
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Charles W. CARLSTON 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):62-84
ABSTRACT Sir Charles Cotton (1964) has pointed out that in an earlier paper (Carlston, 1963) which related drainage density to hydrology, there was insufficient emphasis on the role of climate in its effect on drainage density. Re-examination of the relation of drainage density to base flow in the 15 basins originally described has revealed additional evidence that base flow is affected by precipitation or recharge (a climatic variable), while varying inversely with drainage density. Within the climatic region studied in the earlier paper (the Humid Subtropical Climate of the eastern U. S.), no evidence could be found that amount or intensity of rainfall affected the intensity of flood runoff or the scale of drainage density. In comparison with other climates, however, such as the Marine West Coast Climate, it is possible that the less intense precipitation of a marine climate may result in lower runoff intensities and lower drainage densities, however the lower mean temperatures of such climates may develop soils of generally higher infiltration capacity which would produce lower drainage densities. A progressive increase in aridity results in a decrease in soil and vegetal cover which greatly magnifies the range of drainage densities characteristic of semi-arid regions. In such regions, where the land sur-face has a good infiltration capacity rainfall sinks readily into the dry soil (although recharge to ground water may be negligible), and runoff is virtually zero, as is drainage density, Impermeable terranes devoid of vegetal and soil cover reject the rain, runoff is briefly total and drainage density may be greatly magnified, as in the South Dakota Badlands, where drainage density runs into the hundreds. Arid or Desert Climates should produce erosional landforms with generally high drainage densities, though not reaching the magnitudes of drainage density found in the semi-arid badlands where rainfall intensities are much higher. 相似文献
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L. Olayinka ASSEEZ 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):61-62
Abstract When a river flows into a reservoir, the solid materials it carries sink to the bottom thus reducing the potential reservoir capacity. The suspended load of eight major western rivers flowing into Kainji Lake was determined as a part of the investigation of the suspended sediment of the reservoir. The sediment content in each sample was determined in parts per million. On the whole the results of this study is in agreement with the previous conclusion that the sediment load of the Niger was low. A range of 29–221 ppm was observed within the reservoir whereas the concentration in the inflowing rivers varied from 122–953 ppm. It was however not possible to determine the total sediment load because discharge data were lacking. The data presented herein confirm the earlier conclusion that the rate of silting is slow but indicate that locally high rate of sediment supply should give cause for anxiety regarding the possible growth of deltas as the months of these rivers. The full potential of this study is difficult to assess at this stage but it has revealed a number of problem areas worth looking into in future years. A number of future studies believed to be capable of giving the necessary data for operation and management of the reservoir are recommended. 相似文献
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ANDRÉ RENAUD 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):109-116
Abstract The authors give data of water infiltrations in horizontal and vertical columns, and in a two dimensional model. The soils are two mixtures of sand and loam, and a natural sandy loam. The characteristics of these soils are given in the article. As a conclusion, the two dimensional problem can be approached by a linear combination of data in horizontal and vertical columns. 相似文献
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J. C. SCHÖNFELD 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):11-22
Abstract The intrusion of seawater in a tidal river is treated as a diffusion problem, characterized by a coefficient of longitudinal diffusivity. In order to analyse the longitudinal diffusivity, a mathematical model is set up, consisting of two bodies of water, either one besides the other or one on top of the other. The two bodies are assumed to move relatively to each other, as a secondary effect of the tidal flow. It is moreover assumed that there is turbulent exchange of salt between the bodies. It is demonstrated that the diffusion of salt into the river is greatest for an optimum value of the coefficient of exchange between the two bodies. Exchange weaker or stronger than this optimum both diminish the salt intrusion. The theory is applied to the Rotterdam Waterway, for which estimates of the exchange are made. Estimation of the reduction of the turbulence by stratification and hence of the vertical exchange, shows that the observed strong intrusion is explainable. Intensified vertical mixing, for instance as provoked by compressed air, need not always result in less intrusion, and hence should be considered carefully. 相似文献
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Sergio E. Serrano 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):177-205
Abstract Mathematical models are the means to characterize variables quantitatively in many groundwater problems. Recent advances in applied mathematics have perfected what is now called Adomian's decomposition method (ADM), a simple modelling procedure for practical applications. Decomposition exhibits the benefits of analytical solutions (i.e. stability, analytic derivation of heads, gradients, fluxes and simple programming). It also offers the advantages of traditional numerical methods (i.e. consideration of heterogeneity, irregular domain shapes and multiple dimensions). In addition, decomposition is one of the few systematic procedures for solving nonlinear equations. By far its greatest advantage is its simplicity of application. It may produce simple results for preliminary simulations, or in cases with scarce information. The method is described with simple applications to regional groundwater flow. Many applications in groundwater flow and contaminant transport are available in the literature. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor Xi Chen Citation Serrano, S.E., 2013. A simple approach to groundwater modelling with decomposition. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (1), 1–9. 相似文献
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M. A. BENSON 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):5-6
Abstract This study was made to define the relation between floods in a humid region and the causative factors that account for their variability. The study covered the basic relationships between peak discharges and hydrologic factors as well as the practical working methods for generalizing the results on a regional basis. Statistical multiple-correlation techniques were applied to hydrologic data in New England. A field and library investigation of historical flood data extended the period of flood knowledge to as much as 300 years. The relation of many topographic and climatic factors to flood peaks was tested. Flood peaks with recurrence intervals at 9 levels, from 1.2 to 300 years, were related to 6 independent variables, 3 of which are topographic, 2 climatic, and 1 orographic. 相似文献
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H. G. WILM 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):5-16
Synopsis A method of synthesis has been used to combine the variables characterising sediment transport in laboratory flumes into nondimensional functional equations. These equations are used to provide a basis for logical data correlations. By selecting appropriate nondimensional groups the effect of variation of individual variables such as flume width, sediment grain size, etc., can be determined. It has been found that work of this nature is hampered by the small amount of data available from rational experimentation. Much of the published data is unsuitable for direct use in correlations but may be of use in the future once the trend of results has been predicted by more limited but more basic data. When sufficient data for the transport of light weight materials is available correlations of the type presented may provide a secure basis for the choice of bed material for hydraulic models. 相似文献
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G. Böhnecke 《Ocean Dynamics》1957,10(5):202-203
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