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1.
芦山地震前后龙门山断裂带南段视应力研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用四川台网数字地震记录资料,计算了2008年汶川地震之后、2013年芦山地震之前5年内,龙门山断裂带南段ML3.0级以上地震视应力随时间的变化,以及芦山M7.0级地震序列的视应力值及其时空分布特征.结果表明:①从芦山地震之前1年的时间开始,龙门山断裂带南段有视应力的上升过程;②芦山地震余震序列视应力存在几次比较突出的视应力与震级相关性的被打破以及视应力的突降异常,且在震后3个小时之后,视应力即有明显下降的过程;③从归准化的芦山地震序列视应力σapp的空间分布来看,视应力高值区域分布在主震的西南方向和整个余震区东南边缘,并且这两个高视应力区正好分布在该断层面与华南地块紧密接触的边缘;④主震西侧有一片视应力相对较高的区域;⑤主震以北区域的视应力则相对较低.  相似文献   

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利用中国测震台网记录到的数字地震波形资料,通过波形分析和反演,获得了2017年8月8日四川九寨沟7.0级地震序列的视应力。研究表明:(1)在震后早期阶段九寨沟地震序列视应力水平较高,主震发生后不到1天视应力开始下降,主震发生1周后基本稳定,略有起伏;(2)震源区应力状态存在时空分段差异,余震区东南段视应力下降较快,而西北段下降较缓,最大余震发生前,东南段视应力水平略高或相当于西北段,最大余震发生至震后70天,西北段视应力水平高于东南段,这可能与余震区东南段比西北段破裂充分有关;(3)最大余震发生在主震震中东南侧视应力较高的区域,高视应力余震位于主震震中两侧靠近端部,与主震双侧扩展端部应力相对集中的结果一致。  相似文献   

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根据地震破裂动力学, 研究了1995年7月20日河北沙城ML4.1地震序列破裂过程中, 视应力和静态应力降与动态应力降之差的变化. 结果表明, 主震的视应力约为5 MPa, 而余震的视应力平均约为0.047 MPa. 在破裂过程中, 主震的动态应力降大约为静态应力降的1.6倍,其差值约为2.7 MPa; 余震的动态应力降一致小于静态应力降,其差值平均约为-0.75 MPa. 因此,主震发生时,最终应力大于动摩擦应力,与断层突然锁住的模式相符; 余震发生时,最终应力小于动摩擦应力,与地震断层错动过头的模式相符. 因此, 主震和余震的发生过程是有差别的.   相似文献   

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利用290个ML ≥ 2.5的景谷6.6级地震序列事件的数字波形资料,计算得到其震源参数。结果显示,地震矩M0数值范围为1012~1016 N·m;拐角频率fc为3~16 Hz;视应力数值范围为0~15 MPa,平均值是2.14 MPa,中位数为1.39 MPa。同时,各个震源参数之间均存在一定的相关关系;景谷地震序列余震空间分布可分为北段、中段与南段,其视应力高低分布依次为:南段 > 中段 > 北段;表明主震发生后,震源区南段区域的应力水平最高,这可能是后续5.8级\,5.9级强余震均发生在南段的根本原因。在视应力时间变化特征方面,5.8级、5.9级强余震的发生前,震中所在的南段视应力数值存在"逐渐变大-维持稳定"的特点。而后续未发生强余震的北段和中段,其视应力时间变化为早期快速调整,后续逐渐变化到各自区域的视应力均值水平;这类变化表明对于震源区南段,在强余震发生前的短时间内,南段区域首先出现局部应力不断挤压增强,并随后维持相对高值应力水平的"闭锁"状态,直到强余震的发生。因而,震后震源区余震视应力的空间分布对强余震可能产生地点判定有指示作用,其时间变化特征与地震序列中较强地震的发生存在一定的相关性。余震视应力的时空变化对序列后续地震活动的判定有重要指示作用,可为强余震的时空判定提供相应参考。  相似文献   

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2008年汶川8.0级地震序列震源参数分段特征的研究   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
本文利用四川省区域固定地震台网观测记录到的2008年汶川8.0级地震序列的资料,从中挑选部分台站和地震资料,在精确扣除了余震区地震波衰减与台站场地响应后,计算得到了汶川地震序列中1070次ML≥3.0级地震的震源参数,结果显示,地震矩与震级之间有较好的线性关系,应力降和视应力的大小与震级大小有关.利用ML3.0级地震资料得到的应力降的时空演变过程研究结果表明,汶川余震序列地震应力降总体上随时间是一个衰减过程,预示着主震发生后整个余震区应力降呈逐渐衰减的状态.主震发生之后,以虎牙—北川—安县为界,空间上龙门山断裂带上地震活动水平和应力降具有明显的分段性.5月17日之前ML≥5.0余震主要集中在龙门山断裂带北川以西,由于地震释放了较多应力,该地区应力降较低,而北川至青川之间地震活动水平相对较弱,应力降一直处于高值水平.5月17日之后,ML5.0余震活动主体地区则转移到北川至青川之间,在该段发生了5月25日青川6.4级最大余震,在这之后,整个余震序列应力降随时间变化开始趋于平稳.  相似文献   

6.
刘容  陈强  杨莹辉  钟霞  苑雨 《地震学报》2023,45(1):17-28
选取IRIS远震台站波形数据,反演了云南漾濞MS6.4地震震源破裂过程,计算了断层破裂在近场产生的动态库仑破裂应力变化,并讨论了主震对近场余震活动的动态应力触发作用。结果显示:动态库仑应力演化过程与震源破裂特征反演结果一致,其大小分布与地震序列分布的疏密程度也具有较好的相关性。主震产生的静态和动态库仑破裂应力均促进余震的发生,但相比静态应力,余震位于库仑破裂应力正值区域的比例提高了21%,余震与动态库仑应力变化的正负区域有更好的一致性,动态应力能更好地解释震后余震分布的空间特征。垂直于地震序列主干10 km处出现小震丛集,该现象可能是由主震产生的动态库仑破裂应力占主导作用所致。定量分析主震对余震的动态应力触发结果显示,主震后一周内MS4.0以上的8次余震接收点均受到了动态库仑破裂应力的触发作用。   相似文献   

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2010年4月14日玉树MS7.1地震对余震的触发研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
宋金  蒋海昆 《中国地震》2011,27(4):396-402
研究了2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1级地震产生的静态库仑破裂应力变化对余震及区域地震活动空间分布的影响.在考虑震源区附近区域构造应力场的基础上,由震源区构造应力和主震破裂产生的应力叠加,计算得到最容易破裂的余震断层面,进而计算玉树主震在上述余震断层面上产生的库仑破裂静态应力变化.结果表明,库仑应力变化图像与余震分布较为吻合,说明玉树主震对大部分余震有触发作用.利用相同方法计算了玉树主震对周边更大范围内地震的应力触发影响,发现大部分区域地震活动空间分布与库仑应力变化图像基本一致,中小地震大多发生在正向触发区域,但量值较小.对余震断层面与主震完全一致的情形进行了同样的计算,与前述方法计算结果的对比显示,考虑区域应力场的计算方式所得库仑破裂应力变化图像,能够更好地与余震及区域中小地震空间分布图像相吻合.  相似文献   

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2009年3月28日山西原平ML4.5地震的地震序列余震发育,序列多个指标表明本次地震类型为主震-余震型。主震视应力值接近背景水平,推断震中周边地区近期发生更大地震的可能性不大。  相似文献   

9.
姚安地震序列与永胜地震序列的高精度定位   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11  
2000年1月15日云南省姚安地区发生了Ms 6.5地震,2001年10月27日云南永胜地区发生了Ms 6.0地震,两者均位于滇中块体,震中相距较近,构造相似,且各自都有丰富的余震活动。为深入研究姚安、永胜两地震的主震及余震序列的分布与破裂特征,根据云南省地震局布设的流动数字台网记录到的余震序列的震相资料,分别联合采用盖格定位法和双差定位法得出了这两个余震序列的时空分布。在此基础上,联合昆明区域台网记录的两个主震和较大余震的震相资料,利用双差定位法重新校正了姚安和永胜两次主震的震源参数。根据地震序列的时空分布,结合两个地震区的地质构造、所属块体的受力状态等特征,对比分析了两个地震余震序列沿断层面破裂的特点。  相似文献   

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通过余震序列的精确定位可以较为准确地刻画主震破裂区的时空变化规律. 为了减小仪器时钟误差对地震定位精度的影响, 本文基于2011年1月19日安庆地震流动台站的S-P到时差, 通过主事件和双差地震定位法得到较为准确的主震位置和余震序列时空分布, 并评估了仪器时钟误差; 又通过对sPL近震深度震相的分析, 得到了余震序列较为可靠的深度分布. 结果表明, 安庆地震发生在宿松—枞阳断裂带附近, 余震序列大体近水平分布在5 km深度, 呈长1.5 km、 宽1 km、 高0.3 km的薄板状展布; 从时空分布来看, 随着时间的推移余震序列似乎有往北东方向扩展的趋势. 研究表明, 基于S-P到时差的定位方法可以有效消除时钟不准确带来的影响, 为中小地震和余震序列活动性的研究提供可靠的定位结果.   相似文献   

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正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and  相似文献   

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正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.  相似文献   

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Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape.  相似文献   

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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference (DD) algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock (MsS.7) and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored.  相似文献   

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Abstract

The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region.  相似文献   

20.
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters.  相似文献   

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