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为了检验高密度电法和瞬变电磁法在城市活断层探测中的有效性 ,在福州市区及周围进行了试验探测① ,文中主要介绍对八一水库尚干断裂的探测结果。八一水库尚干断裂是一条穿过福州市区的主要断裂带 ,其主断裂在八一水库测区位于一条由新店通往古城的水泥马路东侧 ,在横向上表现为东西宽几十米的电阻率低异常带 ,在纵向上从盖层底部向下延伸到基底深处。试验表明 ,高密度电法和瞬变电磁法可以互相补充和验证 ,从而提高整体探测效果 相似文献
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高密度电阻率法和瞬变电磁法在煤田采空区勘查及注浆检测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从煤矿采空区诱发的地质灾害对国民经济建设的危害和采空区探测与治理的现实意义出发,总结了煤矿采空区探测中的地球物理方法技术现状,分析了开展煤矿采空区地球物理探测的物性差异前提.在简要介绍高密度电阻率法和瞬变电磁法基本原理的基础上,结合我国新疆某地区的探测实例,研究总结了高密度电阻率法和瞬变电磁法在煤矿采空区探测中的应用效果.结果表明,由于煤矿地下采空区和未采区之间存在有明显导电性(电阻率)差异,使用高密度电法和瞬变电磁法综合勘察煤田采空区效果较好,工作区120 m以上浅部采空区采用高密度电法探测,其定量解释结果精度较高,而100~350 m深度范围内采用瞬变电磁法探测作定量推断解释效果较好.文章还结合应用实例探讨了利用高密度电阻率法评价煤矿采空区注浆治理效果的可行性. 相似文献
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针对高密度电法在探测煤矿不积水采空区对地形有严格要求的实际情况下,在煤田地表条件较为复杂的地区,采用受地形影响较小的瞬变电磁法反映地下不积水采空区的电性特征的研究与应用就有了重要的实际意义。为此首先从瞬变电磁法的基本原理出发,介绍瞬变电磁法的基本公式和正演方法;其次,结合不积水采空区的地球物理特征,设计正演模型,根据计算结果提出在地形条件复杂,不适合高密度电法施工的地方,采用小线框、配合高发射频率和大发射电流的瞬变电磁方法,探测地下高阻目标体的电性特征,推断不积水采空区的分布;最后,结合实际工程进行瞬变电磁法探测煤矿不积水采空区的实践,得到结论与实际钻探结果相符。应用效果表明,瞬变电磁法在一定程度上能够完成煤矿不积水采空区的探测,对煤矿安全生产起到了的参考作用。 相似文献
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用解析分析、时域有限差分、时-频分析的方法,以地面中心回线装置和阶跃脉冲激励源为例,分析讨论了瞬变电磁测深法的勘探深度问题,以便为野外勘探工作设计提供依据,达到预期的探测目的.解析计算证实了瞬变场在地下以有限速度传播,数值模拟表示出了准静态条件下瞬变场的反射.研究结果表明,由于时间域电磁场遵循因果律,瞬变电磁法的探测深度主要由观测时间决定. 瞬变电磁场的初始传播速度与大地电阻率无关,继后在大地色散作用下,阶跃脉冲前沿逐渐变得平缓,各频率分量的传播速度与电阻率有关,在低阻地层中探测同样的深度需要较长的观测时间. 最大探测深度是在给定时间内电磁波往返地下某一深度的单程距离,最小探测深度受仪器性能的限制,但是埋藏较浅的异常体也有可能在晚时段被观测到.从时-频密度谱中可得到瞬变电磁场信号时间与频率的关系. 相似文献
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瞬变电磁圆锥型场源装置有效的减小了线圈间的电感,提高了小装置探测地下浅层的分辨率,但常规反演方法需给定初始模型且反演精度不高.针对瞬变电磁法反演计算问题,通过对粒子群优化算法(PSO)和神经网络算法(BP)分析研究,改进了一种基于神经网络算法Sigmoid函数的自适应加权粒子群优化(AWPSO)算法.采用标准测试函数对算法进行试算,建立多个理论层状地质模型对该算法进行理论验证,最后在地质资料已知地区开展现场实验.计算结果表明,新提出的算法具有更高的全局搜索寻优能力和收敛速度快、计算精度高,且不需要给定初始模型;实验结果显示实测数据反演结果与高密度电法探测结果吻合,证明该算法能够对瞬变电磁探测数据进行反演计算且精度较高,可以在同类型的浅层探测任务中提供参考. 相似文献
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诸多研究表明我国深部资源潜力巨大，但目前的开发开采深度普遍停留在500 m以浅，开展"攻深探盲"是构建国家资源安全体系的有效途径.应用最先进的科学技术手段，提取深部地质信息，已成为我国当前地球物理科学研究的发展方向.作为地球物理学的重要分支，电磁法是矿产资源探查的主体手段之一.在分析我国现阶段航空、地面及海洋电磁探测技术进展的基础上，本文重点说明了极低频电磁法（简称WEM法），多通道瞬变电磁法（简称MTEM）和电性源短偏移瞬变电磁法（简称SOTEM）等电磁探测新技术.WEM法建立一套包括岩石层、大气层和电离层在内的全空间电磁传播理论，通过新研制的观测系统，获取地下10 km的地电信息；MTEM方法是地下埋深4 km目标体精细勘查的有效手段；SOTEM实现地下1.5 km深度范围内目标体的精细探测.通过多种电磁探测技术组合，可实现地下10 km深度范围内多尺度探测，达到"望远镜+放大镜+显微镜"探测效果.同时，本文指出进一步研发与新方法配套的装备、资料处理技术和大数据人工智能识别等将是我国电磁法未来的发展方向. 相似文献
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为准确掌握地下水资源的动态变化，有效支撑生态环境的可持续发展，在新疆哈密某矿集区利用高密度电法与瞬变电磁法联合进行物探勘查，对地下含水层与隔水层进行预判。经验证，高密度电法与瞬变电磁法的组合，有效指导水文钻探施工，为同类地质条件下物探手段的选取和应用提供参考。 相似文献
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多辐射源地空瞬变电磁响应三维数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地空瞬变电磁法结合地面和航空电磁法的优点,可实现探测深度和工作效率的平衡.当前地空瞬变电磁法采用单一线源激发电磁辐射场,仅能从一个侧面与地质体耦合,难以获得地质体的全息影像.采用多辐射源是解决这一问题的途径.本文采用三维矢量有限元法对两个不同地质体多个辐射源情况下的地空瞬变电磁响应开展了模拟研究,分析了多辐射源在不同辐射方向、不同飞行高度电磁响应的分布特征.研究表明,由多辐射场源作为地空电磁法的发射源,通过分散布设的线源,可以在地下激发与地质体多方位耦合的电磁场,能够获得地下地质体多方位不同高度情况下的耦合信息.同时,多辐射场源能够增强源电磁场的辐射强度,减少单一线源体积效应影响,飞行高度较低时可获得较强的响应幅值,研究结果为多辐射地空瞬变电磁法深部精细探测提供理论依据. 相似文献
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L. ALFANO 《Geophysical Prospecting》1974,22(3):510-525
Dipole soundings are more sensitive to noise caused by lateral and superficial inhomogeneities than Schlumberger soundings. However, the former are preferable for deep explorations in view of the relatively short cables required. The simple solution of carrying out the field work by means of dipole spreads, and to transform the dipole resistivity diagrams into Schlumberger ones by means of proper formulae would be valid only for smooth and regular curves; but often, owing to the presence of lateral noises, the dipole data show a considerable scatter. For such cases a “continuous dipole sounding” method is proposed for which all successive dipoles are contiguous, so that all parts of the profiles are covered and interpolation is not necessary. Obviously the moving dipoles have lengths proportional to their distances, so that they appear equal in the usual bilogarithmic scale. It follows that only polar-dipole arrays may be used. The transition from a dipole to the corresponding Schlumberger apparent resistivity diagram requires an integration constant which is not unequivocally determined. Therefore, the solution is not unique, but all possible derived Schlumberger diagrams have a common part. Similarly, they have some common interpretative results, which may be referred to the original dipole diagram obtained in the field. A special measurement technique is required since the dipole-dipole voltages to be determined are noticeably smaller than the Schlumberger ones. This is true also because dipole soundings are used for great depths and for long distances between the two dipoles. 相似文献
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We test an approach proposed in the literature for estimating the maximum depth of investigation (MDI) of in-loop transient electromagnetic soundings (TEM) with data from the Vizcaino transect, a profile of 38 TEM soundings crossing the Baja California peninsula. The validity of this approach is confirmed by comparing the MDI with the deepest interface of 16 stratified models. In these soundings, all located over the Vizcaino basin, the measured data are not affected by induced polarization. The models indicate the presence of a dipping conductor interpreted as a zone of seawater intrusion with a large lateral extension of over 70 km. The remaining 22 soundings, located over igneous and metamorphic rocks, show reversals in the voltage polarity, indicating the presence of induced polarization effects. The layered Cole-Cole models for these soundings suggest a significant decrease in the MDI. This is confirmed by analyzing the depth behavior of the subsurface current densities. We further analyze the noise level of a data set comprising close to 2000 late-time voltages of about 400 TEM sites acquired in northwestern Mexico. No difference was found between the stationary noise levels of winter and summer, presumably because near thunderstorms are practically absent in this part of Mexico. 相似文献
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城市地下空间的高精度、多分辨探测是城市地下合理开发的前提.由于城市探测环境的特殊性,需要探测方法具备抗干扰能力强、分辨能力好、分异多尺度地下目标等特性,现有的物探方法难以兼顾城市地下空间的探测需要.本文利用三维矢量有限元方法为正演手段,在瞬变电磁高性能辐射源进行微分脉冲扫描的基础上,对探测数据进行多时窗的扫时波场变换,将微分脉冲扫描后的多分辨响应信息,进行多分辨信息提取.同时通过地震探测中的多次覆盖处理,提高探测场对地下目标的分辨能力,最后对多次叠加后的虚拟波场进行拟地震偏移成像,最终实现城市地下空间的高精度探测. 相似文献
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Max A. Meju 《Geophysical Prospecting》2005,53(4):463-479
A simple scaling relationship is shown to facilitate comparison, correlation and integration of data recorded using the common experimental configurations in electrical and electromagnetic depth sounding. Applications of the scheme to field data from typical geological and landfill environments show that it is robust and, where transient electromagnetic (TEM) data are available, enables easy identification and quantification of electrical static shift (galvanic distortion) in magnetotelluric and direct current (DC) sounding curves. TEM‐based procedures are suggested for both the direct removal of static shift in DC sounding curves and effective joint data inversion with the most‐squares criterion in the presence of static shift. A case study of aquifer characterization using sounding data from borehole sites in the Vale of York in England shows that static shift is a common problem in this glacial‐covered terrain and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed joint DC‐TEM inversion strategy in handling distorted soundings. 相似文献
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The feasibility of mapping pore water salinity based on surface electromagnetic (EM) methods over land and shallow marine water is examined in a coastal wetland on Tampa Bay, Florida. Forward models predict that useful information on seabed conductivity can be obtained through <1.5 m of saline water, using floating EM-31 and EM-34 instruments from Geonics Ltd. The EM-31 functioned as predicted when compared against resistivity soundings and pore water samples and proved valuable for profiling in otherwise inaccessible terrain due to its relatively small size. Experiments with the EM-34 in marine water, however, did not reproduce the theoretical instrument response. The most effective technique for predicting pore water conductivities based on EM data entailed (1) computing formation factors from resistivity surveys and pore water samples at representative sites and (2) combining these formation factors with onshore and offshore EM-31 readings for broader spatial coverage. This method proved successful for imaging zones of elevated pore water conductivities/salinities associated with mangrove forests, presumably caused by salt water exclusion by mangrove roots. These zones extend 5 to 10 m seaward from mangrove trunks fringing Tampa Bay. Modeling indicates that EM-31 measurements lack the resolution necessary to image the subtle pore water conductivity variations expected in association with diffuse submarine ground water discharge of fresher water in the marine water of Tampa Bay. The technique has potential for locating high-contrast zones and other pore water salinity anomalies in areas not accessible to conventional marine- or land-based resistivity arrays and hence may be useful for studies of coastal-wetland ecosystems. 相似文献
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Artificial neural networks for removal of couplings in airborne transient electromagnetic data 
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下载免费PDF全文 Kristoffer K. Andersen Casper Kirkegaard Nikolaj Foged Anders V. Christiansen Esben Auken 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(3):741-752
Modern airborne transient electromagnetic surveys typically produce datasets of thousands of line kilometres, requiring careful data processing in order to extract as much and as reliable information as possible. When surveys are flown in populated areas, data processing becomes particularly time consuming since the acquired data are contaminated by couplings to man‐made conductors (power lines, fences, pipes, etc.). Coupled soundings must be removed from the dataset prior to inversion, and this is a process that is difficult to automate. The signature of couplings can be both subtle and difficult to describe in mathematical terms, rendering removal of couplings mostly an expensive manual task for an experienced geophysicist. Here, we try to automate the process of removing couplings by means of an artificial neural network. We train an artificial neural network to recognize coupled soundings in manually processed reference data, and we use this network to identify couplings in other data. The approach provides a significant reduction in the time required for data processing since one can directly apply the network to the raw data. We describe the neural network put to use and present the inputs and normalizations required for maximizing its effectiveness. We further demonstrate and assess the training state and performance of the network before finally comparing inversions based on unprocessed data, manually processed data, and artificial neural network automatically processed data. The results show that a well‐trained network can produce high‐quality processing of airborne transient electromagnetic data, which is either ready for inversion or in need of minimal manual processing. We conclude that the use of artificial neural network scan significantly reduce the processing time and its costs by as much as 50%. 相似文献
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城市密集柏油公路网和坚硬水泥地面给地下遗址考古勘探造成了很大困难,传统的高密度电阻率法需要插置电极,无法在城市环境中使用。电容耦合式电阻率法采用非侵入式的方式,通过特制电极与大地形成电容器产生电流进行电法勘探,特别适合城市硬地表介质的条件。为了检验电容耦合式电阻率法在城市遗址考古勘探中的应用效果,在地处杭州市主城区的吴越捍海塘遗址进行了电容耦合式电阻率法探测试验,采集多个收发距的电法数据,对数据进行反演处理,将反演结果与考古发掘结果进行对比分析。结果表明,反演的电阻率图像推断结果与考古发掘结果基本吻合,电容耦合式电阻率法是城市遗址考古勘探的有效方法,具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
18.
Michel Chouteau Stefka Krivochieva Ramiro Rodriguez Castillo Tomas Gonzalez Moran Virginie Jouanne 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》1994,31(1-4)
A tensor magnetotelluric test survey was carried out in the region of Santa Catarina, located in the Chalco sub-basin of the Mexico Basin. The objective was to define the stratification at depth with an emphasis on the geometry of the main aquifer of that region which is partially known from DC resistivity soundings and drilling. High-quality magnetotelluric soundings could be recorded in the immediate vicinity of large urban zones because the sub-surface is very conductive. Interpretation shows that the solid bedrock is located at a depth of at least 800 m to the south and 1300 m to the north; it could, however, be much deeper. Using complementary DC resistivity sounding and well-logging data, three main layers have been defined overlying the bedrock. These layers are, from surface to bottom, an unsaturated zone of sand, volcanic ash and clay about 10 m thick, followed by a very conductive (1.5 ohm·m) 200 m thick layer of sand and ash with intercalated clay, saturated with highly mineralized water, and finally a zone with resistivity increasing gradually to 60 ohm·m. The investigated deep aquifer constitutes most of this third layer. It consists of a sequence of sand, gravel, pyroclastites and mainly fractured basalts. MT resistivity soundings and magnetic transfer functions also indicate that a shallow resistive structure is dipping, from the northwest, into the lacustrine deposits of the basin. This geologic feature is likely to be highly permeable fractured basaltic flows, which provide a channel by which water contaminated by the Santa Catarina landfill may leak into the basin. 相似文献
19.
Geoelectrical structure of the central zone of Piton de la Fournaise volcano (Réunion) 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Jean-François Lénat David Fitterman Dallas B. Jackson Philippe Labazuy 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2000,62(2):75-89
A study of the geoelectrical structure of the central part of Piton de la Fournaise volcano (Réunion, Indian Ocean) was made
using direct current electrical (DC) and transient electromagnetic soundings (TEM). Piton de la Fournaise is a highly active
oceanic basaltic shield and has been active for more than half a million years. Joint interpretation of the DC and TEM data
allows us to obtain reliable 1D models of the resistivity distribution. The depth of investigation is of the order of 1.5 km
but varies with the resistivity pattern encountered at each sounding. Two-dimensional resistivity cross sections were constructed
by interpolation between the soundings of the 1D interpreted models. Conductors with resistivities less than 100 ohm-m are
present at depth beneath all of the soundings and are located high in the volcanic edifice at elevations between 2000 and
1200 m. The deepest conductor has a resistivity less than 20 ohm-m for soundings located inside the Enclos and less than 60–100
ohm-m for soundings outside the Enclos. From the resistivity distributions, two zones are distinguished: (a) the central zone
of the Enclos; and (b) the outer zone beyond the Enclos. Beneath the highly active summit area, the conductor rises to within
a few hundred meters of the surface. This bulge coincides with a 2000-mV self-potential anomaly. Low-resistivity zones are
inferred to show the presence of a hydrothermal system where alteration by steam and hot water has lowered the resistivity
of the rocks. Farther from the summit, but inside the Enclos, the depth to the conductive layers increases to approximately
1 km and is inferred to be a deepening of the hydrothermally altered zone. Outside of the Enclos, the nature of the deep,
conductive layers is not established. The observed resistivities suggest the presence of hydrated minerals, which could be
found in landslide breccias, in hydrothermally altered zones, or in thick pyroclastic layers. Such formations often create
perched water tables. The known occurrence of large eastward-moving landslides in the evolution of Piton de la Fournaise strongly
suggests that large volumes of breccias should exist in the interior of the volcano; however, extensive breccia deposits are
not observed at the bottom of the deep valleys that incise the volcano to elevations lower than those determined for the top
of the conductors. The presence of the center of Piton de la Fournaise beneath the Plaine des Sables area during earlier volcanic
stages (ca. 0.5 to 0.150 Ma) may have resulted in broad hydrothermal alteration of this zone. However, this interpretation
cannot account for the low resistivities in peripheral zones. It is not presently possible to discriminate between these general
interpretations. In addition, the nature of the deep conductors may be different in each zone. Whatever the geologic nature
of these conductive layers, their presence indicates a major change of lithology at depth, unexpected for a shield volcano
such as Piton de la Fournaise.
Received: 3 November 1999 / Accepted: 15 September 1999 相似文献