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1.
有毒铜绿微囊藻对鱼和溞的毒性 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
用有毒铜绿微囊藻细胞及其从毒细胞中提取的毒素喂养和腹腔注射鱼类,结果表明:(1)微囊藻毒素MCYST-LR对所有实验过的鱼有毒害作用(LD50为110-500μg/kg).注射毒素24h后,鱼肝电镜超微结构观察均表现出肝损伤.(2)在受控条件下,当用有毒铜绿微囊藻作为食物喂养日鲢和罗非鱼时,鱼类能在以毒藻为唯一食物的环境中生活20d以上.白鲢和罗非鱼粪便的毒性比喂食藻类的毒性分别降低约2-4.5倍,其肝的超微结构现察仍有轻度损伤.(3)在培养液中加入15μg/mLMCYST-LR和用实验室纯培养的铜绿微囊藻作为食物培养枝角类时,均可使它们在48h死亡.以无毒微囊藻培养时则生长不良亦不怀卵,表明它不是枝角类合适的食物. 相似文献
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河蟹养殖池塘微囊藻水华毒性及其光合作用活性特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
苏州市吴中区一河蟹养殖池塘在2013年7月和8月发生了严重的微囊藻水华.采用单一和双重PCR扩增微囊藻毒素合成酶基因,用以检测微囊藻水华是否产毒,结果显示为阳性.同时,采用高效液相色谱测定微囊藻水华的毒性大小.结果表明:7月和8月微囊藻水华的胞内微囊藻毒素浓度分别为1.49和0.88μg/L,胞外微囊藻毒素的浓度分别为0.75和1.09μg/L.另外,采用浮游植物荧光仪Phyto-PAM测定河蟹养殖水体形成水华的微囊藻的光合作用活性.结果显示:7月和8月水华微囊藻的最大光量子产量Fv/Fm分别为0.48和0.44,实际光量子产量ΦPSII分别为0.38和0.32,表明形成水华的微囊藻有较高的生长潜力.非光化学荧光淬灭值NPQ分别为0.28和0.36.从快速光响应曲线RLC的特征参数来看,7月水华微囊藻的光合作用活性和光能利用效率高于8月.本研究结果表明,河蟹养殖池塘水体受到微囊藻水华和微囊藻毒素的污染,进而可能对河蟹食品安全构成潜在威胁. 相似文献
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黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)抑制作用 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
采用黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)共同培养的实验方法，追踪测定微囊藻的生长量、光合速率等相关生理生化指标以及观察藻细胞超微结构变化，研究黑藻对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用及其机制．结果表明，黑藻对铜绿微囊藻的生长有明显的抑制作用，表现为藻细胞生长量显著降低，细胞超微结构进行性损伤直至细胞解体，藻体叶绿素a含量和光合速率急剧下降，呼吸速率、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈现先升高后下降的趋势，膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的积累量与膜的损伤程度相一致．在黑藻养殖水中初步分离得到黑藻分泌的抑藻物质． 相似文献
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实时荧光定量PCR方法检测南太湖入湖口产毒微囊藻 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
南太湖入湖口产毒微囊藻的丰度对于周边县市取水口的水质安全和太湖水质有着重要影响.以藻毒素合成酶基因mcyE/ndaF为靶基因,建立实时荧光定量PCR检测产毒微囊藻的方法,并对南太湖入湖口7个监测点水样中产毒微囊藻的丰度进行检测,结果表明:该实时荧光定量PCR方法的特异性强及准确性、重复性较好.建立铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的标准曲线方程为y=-3.454x+49.88,斜率为-3.454,R~2=0.991,扩增效率E为94.6%,定量检测区间为1.689×10~4~1.689×10~8拷贝数/μl.对南太湖入湖口7个监测点检测表明,夹浦和合溪2个监测点的产毒微囊藻数量最高,预测产毒微囊藻浓度分别为(1.99±0.35)×10~5和(1.47±0.23)×10~5cells/ml.7个监测点的产毒微囊藻的种类较为一致,均为铜绿微囊藻.该方法可以快速准确地检测水体中微囊藻毒素产毒藻种种类和数量,为蓝藻水华监测、预警提供技术依据. 相似文献
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微囊藻毒素粗提物对水环境中温和气单胞菌活的非可培养状态的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
细菌VBNC状态(Viable but non-culturable state),又称"活的非可培养状态",是自然水体中广泛存在的细菌的一种特殊存活状态,复杂的环境因子变化是VBNC状态转换的可能原因.本研究利用接种温和气单胞菌的无菌湖水,研究铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)培养液和微囊藻毒素粗提液对水环境中温和气单胞菌VBNC状态转换的影响,结果发现,温和气单胞菌在无菌湖水中同时存在VBNC状态和可培养状态;产毒微囊藻培养液和微囊藻毒素粗提液均能促进温和气单胞菌中VBNC细菌与可培养细菌之间的状态转换,说明微囊藻毒素可能是水环境中影响细菌VBNC状态转换的重要环境因素,其进一步的分子机制研究正在进行中. 相似文献
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有害蓝藻释放微囊藻毒素（MCs），严重威胁饮用水源地用水安全.为了解巢湖MCs污染状况及其异构体组成对水质的影响，于2012年夏季（8月）和秋季（11月），2013年冬季（2月）和春季（5月）进行采样分析，研究了巢湖水体中胞内微囊藻毒素（IMCs）和胞外微囊藻毒素（EMCs）异构体的时空分布及其与环境因子的关系.结果发现，IMCs和EMCs的平均浓度变化范围分别为0.12~6.45 μg/L和0.69~1.92 μg/L.在3种常见的异构体中，MC-RR和MC-LR比例较高，MC-YR最低，MC-RR和MC-LR是巢湖水体中MCs的主要异构体类型.IMCs和EMCs的异构体浓度及其比例呈现不同的时空分布特征.微囊藻生物量、水温、总磷浓度是影响IMCs和EMCs异构体浓度及其组成变化的关键环境因子.本研究表明巢湖富营养化严重的西湖区夏季能合成更多的MC-RR异构体，而秋、冬季节偏向于释放生理毒性更强的MC-LR异构体.了解MCs异构体组成变化及其关键影响因素，有助于预测预警水体MCs污染状况和评估饮用水源地MCs风险. 相似文献
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五株微囊藻毒素降解菌的分离与鉴定 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
有毒蓝藻产生的蓝藻毒素导致地表水的污染已是全球普遍的现象,最常见的毒素是能导致肝癌的肝毒素微囊藻毒素(MC),迄今为止尚无适用的MC驱除技术,微生物降解MC可能是一条有效的途径．本研究以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806)所产生的MC为底物,从多个形成微囊藻水华的水体中分离获得能显著降解MC的细菌18株,相对降解能力从18．4％到48．2％．对其中5株MC相对降解能力较强的菌,通过形态特征和生理生化特征分析,鉴定出5株菌分别为:不动细菌属(Acinetobacter)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和弗拉特氏菌属(Frateuria),均不同于已报道的属种． 相似文献
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云南抚仙湖流域废弃磷矿区水污染现状 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
为了探讨不同形态磷酸盐对铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）和蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa）藻细胞生长的影响,采用3种不同形态的磷酸盐：磷酸氢二钾（K2HPO4）,焦磷酸钠（Na4P2O7）和一聚磷酸钠（Na5P3O10）作为BG-11培养基中的添加磷源．从两种藻的生长趋势可以看出,在K2HPO4培养基中小球藻在生长初期生长速度显著高于微囊藻,当小球藻的生长到达静止期时,微囊藻的生长速度便超过了小球藻且其藻密度也高于小球藻;而在焦磷酸钠和二三聚磷酸钠培养基中,小球藻的生长速度要显著高于微囊藻．同时微囊藻和小球藻在K2HPO4培养基中的生长速度则始终高于另两种磷酸盐培养基中的生长速度．藻细胞碱性磷酸酶活性变化曲线也显示,小球藻的磷利用能力要高于微囊藻．由此可见,小球藻对磷的吸收利用能力高于微囊藻,从而表明铜绿微囊藻成为水华优势种并不是取决于其对磷酸盐的吸收利用能力。 相似文献
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甲醛溶液对发头裸腹溞及其体表聚缩虫影响的试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
不同浓度的甲醛溶液对枝角类发头裸腹溞Moinairrasa的致毒效应以及对其体表附着的聚缩虫Zoothamniumsp．的杀灭效果的试验结果表明，12h、24h两个作用时段中，甲醛浓度与发头探腹溞相对存活率之间以及甲醇浓度与发头裸腹溞表聚缩虫营养体脱落率之间存在一定的函数关系．在确立上述函数基础上，可得出控制聚缩虫感染的两种有效方法：①在保证溞存活率不低于66％的情况下，选用最低有效浓度（19．mg／kg）的甲醛溶液作用24h可杀灭100％聚缩虫；②在保持溞存活率较高（70％－90％）的情况下，选用相应浓度的甲醛液作用24h杀灭87％－29％聚缩虫，并辅以更换新水等措施，也可将聚缩虫感染的危害控制在一定的范围内． 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(12)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献