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将瞬变电磁满足的扩散方程转变为波动方程,然后利用地震类成像方法实现瞬变电磁虚拟波场成像,是实现瞬变电磁三维反演的有效手段之一.为了实现由扩散场到虚拟波场的转换,文中采用预条件正则化共轭梯度法求解波场反变换问题.首先,对几种离散方式进行比较,采用条件数最小的离散方式进行离散;然后选择最优的正则化参数,并利用超松弛预条件技术对系数矩阵进行预条件处理;最后,利用共轭梯度法进行迭代求解.超松弛预条件有效降低了系数矩阵的条件数,正则化方法使得反变换得到的波场稳定、可靠,共轭梯度法能够保证计算快速收敛.将反变换结果与已知虚拟波场函数对比,证明算法稳定、可信.将文中算法结果与前人研究结果进行对比,说明方法效果.通过实测数据的波场变换处理给出了文中方法的实际应用效果.结合反变换算法,对不同参数模型进行分析,总结了虚拟波场在色散介质中的传播规律. 相似文献
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中心回线源装置的瞬变电磁场是一种涡流场，在地下主要以扩散形式传播.平面电磁波在地下介质中传播时具有反射、折射等电磁学特性，为了借鉴平面电磁波场测深成熟的解释方法，文中开展了从瞬变电磁涡流场测深数据到平面波场数据的快速等效转换的研究.通过大量的理论模型的正演计算、曲线对比，误差统计，对瞬变电磁场、平面波场在地下传播机制特性的分析，建立了一种由瞬变电磁测深视电阻率数据向平面波场测深视电阻率数据转换的时间-频率等效对应关系.利用这一关系式，把扩散场数据快速转换成等效平面波场测深数据. 为进一步进行瞬变电磁拟平面波成像解释打下理论基础. 相似文献
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多道瞬变电磁法(MTEM)是近年来发展起来的一种新的地球物理勘查技术,其数据采集方式与地震法类似,因此,采用瞬变电磁拟地震解释方法对MTEM数据进行处理解释具有一定的优越性.研究MTEM虚拟波场有效提取方法具有重要意义.在以往奇异值分解法、预条件正则化共轭梯度法两种不同的常规提取方法研究基础上,本文提出采用相关叠加法提取MTEM虚拟波场信息.首先采用预条件正则化共轭梯度法对全时段MTEM数据进行虚拟波场提取,然后采用同种方法对划分的各时间段数据进行虚拟波场提取,最后对全时段提取结果与各个时间段提取结果进行相关性叠加,叠加结果作为最终的提取结果.实测MTEM数据虚拟波场提取结果表明,采用相关叠加法可以得到稳定、光滑的虚拟波场波形曲线,且抗干扰能力强. 相似文献
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全波形反演是一种高精度的反演方法,其目标函数是一个强非线性函数,易受局部极值影响,而且反演过程计算量较大.波场重构反演是近几年提出的一种改进的全波形反演理论.该反演方法通过将波动方程作为惩罚项引入到目标函数中,通过拓宽解的寻找空间减弱了局部极小值的影响,而且反演过程不需要计算伴随波场,提高了计算效率.但该反演方法一直缺少准确的惩罚因子算法,直接影响到该方法的准确度.本文将波场重构反演拓展到时间域并利用梯度法进行波场重构.频率域的惩罚因子用来加强波动方程的约束,而时间域惩罚因子表现为调节模拟波场和实际波场的权重因子.为此,我们根据约束优化理论,在波动方程准确以及重构波场与反演参数解耦的假设下,提出以波动方程为目标函数的新的惩罚因子算法.根据波形反演在应用时普遍存在的噪音干扰、子波错误和低频信息缺失的情况下,应用部分Sigsbee2A模型合成数据对本文提出的算法进行实验.数值实验结果表明：基于新的惩罚因子算法,在其他信息不准确的情况下,波场重构反演可以给出高精度的反演结果. 相似文献
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In this study, we apply Tikhonov’s regularization algorithm for a 3-D density inversion from the gravity-gradiometry data. To reduce the non-uniqueness of the inverse solution (carried out without additional information from geological evidence), we implement the depth-weighting empirical function. However, the application of an empirical function in the inversion equation brings the bias problem of the regularization factor when a traditional Tikhonov’s algorithm is applied. To solve the bias problem of regularization factor selection, we present a standardized solution that comprises two parts for solving a 3-D constrained inversion equation, specifically the linear matrix transformation and Tikhonov’s regularization algorithm. Since traditional regularization techniques become numerically inefficient when dealing with large number of data, we further apply methods which include the Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique (SIRT) and the wavelet compression combined with Least Squares QR-decomposition (LSQR). In our simulation study, we demonstrate that SIRT as well as the wavelet compression plus LSQR algorithm improve the computation efficiency, while provide results which closely agree with that obtained from applying Tikhonov’s regularization. In particular, the algorithm of wavelet compression plus LSQR shows the best computing efficiency, because it combines the advantages of coefficients compression of big matrix and fast solution of sparse matrix. Similar findings are confirmed from the vertical gravity gradient data inversion for detecting potential deposits at the Kauring (near Perth, Western Australia) testing site. 相似文献
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In previous publications, we presented a waveform-inversion algorithm for attenuation analysis in heterogeneous anisotropic media. However, waveform inversion requires an accurate estimate of the source wavelet, which is often difficult to obtain from field data. To address this problem, here we adopt a source-independent waveform-inversion algorithm that obviates the need for joint estimation of the source signal and attenuation coefficients. The key operations in that algorithm are the convolutions (1) of the observed wavefield with a reference trace from the modelled data and (2) of the modelled wavefield with a reference trace from the observed data. The influence of the source signature on attenuation estimation is mitigated by defining the objective function as the ℓ2-norm of the difference between the two convolved data sets. The inversion gradients for the medium parameters are similar to those for conventional waveform-inversion techniques, with the exception of the adjoint sources computed by convolution and cross-correlation operations. To make the source-independent inversion methodology more stable in the presence of velocity errors, we combine it with the local-similarity technique. The proposed algorithm is validated using transmission tests for a homogeneous transversely isotropic model with a vertical symmetry axis that contains a Gaussian anomaly in the shear-wave vertical attenuation coefficient. Then the method is applied to the inversion of reflection data for a modified transversely isotropic model from Hess. It should be noted that due to the increased nonlinearity of the inverse problem, the source-independent algorithm requires a more accurate initial model to obtain inversion results comparable to those produced by conventional waveform inversion with the actual wavelet. 相似文献
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通过对波场的时间二阶积分运算以增强地震数据中的低频成分,提出了一种可有效减小对初始速度模型依赖性的地震数据全波形反演方法—时间二阶积分波场的全波形反演方法.根据散射理论中的散射波场传播方程,推导出时间二阶积分散射波场的传播方程,再利用一阶Born近似对时间二阶积分散射波场传播方程进行线性化.在时间二阶积分散射波场传播方程的基础上,利用散射波场反演地下散射源分布,再利用波场模拟的方法构建地下入射波场,然后根据时间二阶积分散射波场线性传播方程中散射波场与入射波场、速度扰动间的线性关系,应用类似偏移成像的公式得到速度扰动的估计,以此建立时间二阶积分波场的全波形迭代反演方法.最后把时间二阶积分波场的全波形反演结果作为常规全波形反演的初始模型可有效地减小地震波场全波形反演对初始模型的依赖性.应用于Marmousi模型的全频带合成数据和缺失4Hz以下频谱成分的缺低频合成数据验证所提出的全波形反演方法的正确性和有效性,数值试验显示缺失4Hz以下频谱成分数据的反演结果与全频带数据的反演结果没有明显差异. 相似文献
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波形反演是近年来较热门的反演方法,其分辨率可以达到亚波长级别.在波形反演的实际应用中,源子波的估计十分重要.传统方法使用反褶积来估计源子波并随着反演过程更新,该方法在合成数据波形反演中效果较好,但在实际数据反演过程中存在一系列的问题.由于实际数据信噪比较低,在源子波估计过程中需要大量的人为干涉,且结果并不一定可靠.本文使用一种基于褶积波场的新型目标函数,令反演过程不再依赖源子波.详细推导了针对跨孔雷达波形反演的梯度及步长公式,实现介电常数和电导率的同步反演.针对一个合成数据模型同时反演介电常数和电导率,结果表明该方法能够反演出亚波长尺寸异常体的形状和位置.接着,将该方法应用到两组实际数据中,并与基于估计源子波的时间域波形反演结果进行比较.结果表明不依赖源子波的时间域波形反演结果分辨率更高,也更准确. 相似文献
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本文探讨了粒子群优化(PSO)算法在叠前地震角道集子波反演中的应用.在基本最优PSO算法的基础上,提出了对粒子更新速度进行平滑滤波的改进最优粒子群算法.由于代表子波的粒子的维数较大,如果粒子的各维元素相互独立,将导致粒子速度更新紊乱,影响搜索速度.通过对粒子速度进行三点均值滤波,加强了单个粒子各维元素的相互联系,并防止了粒子速度逃逸,使粒子更快地向有利于最优解的位置收敛.该方法应用于叠前角道集子波的反演中,取得了较好的子波反演效果,证明了本文方法的有效性. 相似文献
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We introduce a method of wavefield separation from multicomponent data sets based on the use of the continuous wavelet transform. Our method is a further generalization of the approach proposed by Morozov and Smithson, in that by using the continuous wavelet transform, we can achieve a better separation of wave types by designing the filter in the time–frequency domain. Furthermore, using the instantaneous polarization attributes defined in the wavelet domain, we show how to construct filters tailored to separate different wave types (elliptically or linearly polarized), followed by an inverse wavelet transform to obtain the desired wave type in the time domain. Using synthetic and experimental data, we show how the present method can be used for wavefield separation. 相似文献
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随着地震勘探和开发的不断深入,面向地质目标的精细储层预测技术变得越来越重要.由于透射损失、层间多次波、波模式转换以及随机噪声等的影响,观测地震数据和待反演的地下介质属性之间呈现出很强的非线性.考虑到这些非线性,本文基于积分波动方程开展叠前地震反演,从观测地震数据中恢复出介质属性和整体波场,其中反演参数是波动方程中的压缩系数、剪切柔度和密度的对比度,相比于常规线性AVO反演的波阻抗弹性参数,它们对流体指示有更强的敏感性.在反演过程中,从平滑的低频背景场出发,交替迭代求解数据方程和目标方程.采用乘性正则化方法于共轭梯度框架下求解反演参数,采用优化的散射级数Neumann序列获得整体波场,这种方法不易陷入局部极值,能收敛到正确解.测井资料和典型山前带模型测试表明,利用上述反演方法能获得高分辨率的深度域地下介质属性,可直接进行储层预测和解释. 相似文献
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本文实现了地面矩形大定源三维频率域反演.矩形大定源三维模型响应计算采用交错网格有限差分技术.正演的微分方程为异常电场满足的非齐次Helmholtz方程,方程右手边源项中的大定源产生的背景格林函数由虚界面法结合虚框法计算.频率域三维反演采用非线性共轭梯度反演技术.反演的数据类型为垂直磁场的频率域响应Hz的实部和虚部分量.数值结果表明,(1)三维模型正演模拟数值结果与前人一致,为三维反演奠定基础;(2)针对两个三维导电模型,分别进行了三维反演数值试算.反演结果可以清晰恢复出异常体的电阻率和位置信息,表明地面矩形大定源三维频率域非线性共轭梯度反演具有可行性.本文研究的意义在于,在电磁响应时频转换技术的基础上,如果将野外实测的瞬变电磁数据变换为对应的频率响应,则结合本文提出的三维反演技术,可以为矩形大定源瞬变电磁数据的三维解释提供一个新的思路. 相似文献
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位场垂向导数大量应用于位场数据处理与解释中.当前广泛采用的位场各阶垂向导数换算方法为基于Laplace方程并结合波数域和空间域方法的具有递推特性的ISVD(integrated second vertical derivative)算法.本文在位场垂向导数换算的正则化方法和径向平均功率谱的基础上,提出一种位场各阶垂向导数换算的新正则化方法.新正则化方法仅需通过分析位场径向平均功率谱来确定一个截止波数,即可稳定换算位场各阶垂向导数.理论模型和实测数据实验结果表明:(1)新正则化方法物理意义明确、计算简单,且各阶垂向导数换算的稳定性和精度明显优于ISVD算法;(2)在用新正则化方法求得各阶垂向导数的基础上,利用泰勒级数法可以获得大深度、高精度的位场向下延拓结果. 相似文献
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Gaussian beam depth migration overcomes the single‐wavefront limitation of most implementations of Kirchhoff migration and provides a cost‐effective alternative to full‐wavefield imaging methods such as reverse‐time migration. Common‐offset beam migration was originally derived to exploit symmetries available in marine towed‐streamer acquisition. However, sparse acquisition geometries, such as cross‐spread and ocean bottom, do not easily accommodate requirements for common‐offset, common‐azimuth (or common‐offset‐vector) migration. Seismic data interpolation or regularization can be used to mitigate this problem by forming well‐populated common‐offset‐vector volumes. This procedure is computationally intensive and can, in the case of converted‐wave imaging with sparse receivers, compromise the final image resolution. As an alternative, we introduce a common‐shot (or common‐receiver) beam migration implementation, which allows migration of datasets rich in azimuth, without any regularization pre‐processing required. Using analytic, synthetic, and field data examples, we demonstrate that converted‐wave imaging of ocean‐bottom‐node data benefits from this formulation, particularly in the shallow subsurface where regularization for common‐offset‐vector migration is both necessary and difficult. 相似文献