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1.
华北晚古生代成煤沼泽微环境与煤中硫的成因关系研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
通过采用新建和改造后的煤相参数(凝胶化程度、植物结构保存指数、植物指数、搬运指数、地下水影响指数、水介质指标和沼泽类型指数等), 探讨了华北晚古生代成煤沼泽微环境与煤中硫的成因关系. 研究表明, 受海水明显影响的煤层, 对于煤中硫的聚集, 水介质特征在诸多沼泽微环境控制因素中发挥着主导作用; 淡水沼泽中硫的聚集与植物类型、水动力条件及覆水深度关系更为密切. 硫同位素地质分馏效应反映出煤中硫的聚集经历了多阶段演化. 煤中黄铁矿硫的形成早于有机硫, 其硫同位素d 34Sp值明显低于有机硫的d 34Sp值. 海水影响的煤中, 硫聚集时间的跨度大, 硫同位素分布发散, 煤的含硫量高. 受淡水影响的煤, 硫的聚集主要发生在同生-准同生阶段和早期成岩阶段, 硫的含量低且以有机硫为主.  相似文献   

2.
大气环境的硫同位素组成及示踪研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
大气SO2和气溶胶硫酸盐是导致大气环境酸化,加剧酸沉降污染的重要因素.由于稳定硫同位素组成的"指纹"特征,硫同位素示踪技术已被广泛地应用到环境领域中的硫循环和硫源解析等研究.本文对浙江中部地区金华市的大气环境进行了连续的观测,并分析测定了大气SO2和气溶胶硫酸盐的硫同位素组成.结果表明,研究区域大气SO2的δ34S值变...  相似文献   

3.
北京大气气溶胶中硫氧稳定同位素组成研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
使用MAT-253同位素质谱仪对北京大气气溶胶中多硫同位素(32S,33S,34S和36S)与氧同位素(16O和18O)组成特征进行分析.北京大气气溶胶中δ34S变化范围为1.68‰~12.57‰,平均值为5.86‰,表明该地区主要硫源与燃煤排放相关;δ18O变化范围为-5.29‰~9.02‰,平均值为5.17‰,说明气溶胶中的硫酸盐以二次硫酸盐为主.在2008年7和8月,大气SO2主要以酸性条件下H2O2的异相氧化为主,而在9和10月,大气SO2同时存在酸性条件下H2O2异相氧化和过量O2下Fe3+催化氧化.北京大气气溶胶存在显著的硫同位素非质量分馏效应,通过对△33S与CAPE相关性分析,发现其形成机制不仅与平流层SO2的光化学反应有关,还可能与热化学反应机制关联.  相似文献   

4.
以贵州省两个高原湖泊(红枫湖和百花湖)为例,利用颗粒态有机物稳定氮同位素比值(δ15NPOM)的季节及水体剖面变化反映揭示了湖泊氮源变换以及内部生物地球化学作用,为研究湖泊系统氮的循环转化提供有用信息.结果发现:红枫湖表层颗粒态有机物的δ15N变化范围是3.7%0-14.9‰;百花湖表层颗粒态有机物的δ15N变化范围为1.3%0-8.7%0.红枫湖在冬季(2月)和夏末秋初(9月)出现高值;百花湖则在冬季(2月)出现最低值,夏末秋初(9月)出现高值.红枫湖δ15NPOM值的季节性变化规律恰好与无机氮源的δ15N值的变化规律一致,冬季高δ15NPOM值的原因是其枯水期受工业废水中富含δ15N的无机氮源的影响,而春季低δ15NPOM值的原冈则是受内源硝化作用产生的富含14N的无机氮源的影响.百花湖冬季δ15NPOM值低的原因是受生活污水中具有较低δ15N值的有机颗粒的影响.同时,湖泊水体剖面δ15NPOM和C/N比值相结合可以示踪湖泊系统内部特殊的生物地球化学过程.  相似文献   

5.
扬子地台南缘早寒武世黑色岩系中形态硫特征及成因意义   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
对扬子地台南缘早寒武世黑色岩系中黄铁矿硫和有机硫进行了分析和测试. 结果显示, 其含量和同位素组成在横向和纵向均有明显的变化规律. 靠近陆源区的西部剖面, 样品黄铁矿含量高、有机质含硫少, 剖面从下向上, 前者表现为由高变低; 后者由低变高. 此剖面的硫同位素组成相对较轻, 并且从下向上黄铁矿硫和有机硫均显示不断变重的趋势. 远离陆源区的东部剖面中, 形态硫的富集规律与此相反, 即黄铁矿的数量减少、有机质富集了更多的硫, 尽管两者在剖面纵向上的变化与西部剖面的相似. 东部剖面的形态硫同位素组成明显富集重硫, 并且在剖面中由下向上逐渐变轻. 结合样品的铁含量、有机碳含量数据及岩石学特点, 推断控制黑色岩系中形态硫具如此变化规律的因素包括海平面变化、金属离子(主要是铁离子)供给、大地构造背景及海洋化学特点.  相似文献   

6.
悬浮颗粒物和沉积物是湖泊有机污染物的主要承载物质,其稳定同位素研究对有效识别有机质污染导致的湖泊富营养化具有重要意义.本研究选取乌梁素海为研究区,于2019年4月(融冰期)、7月(夏灌期)和10月(秋灌期)对湖区及入湖渠道的表层沉积物和悬浮颗粒物中有机碳的δ13C、C/N比及总有机碳(TOC、POC)和总氮(TON、PON)含量进行测定分析,联合采用δ13C、C/N及同位素多元混合模型研究湖泊有机碳来源及其贡献率.结果表明,乌梁素海悬浮颗粒物有机碳δ13CPOC的变化范围为-23.29‰~-29.75‰,呈现10月>4月>7月、入湖渠道>湖区的趋势,悬浮颗粒物POC/PON比变化范围为4.10~21.35,呈现出4月<7月<10月的时间变化,悬浮颗粒有机质主要来源于浮游植物(51.59%)、入湖渠道泥沙(34.60%)和大型水生植物(13.76%).沉积物有机碳δ13CTOC变化范围为-27.58‰~-22.68‰,呈现4月<10月<7月的变化,沉积物TOC/TON比变化范围为3.06~23.77,时空变化明显,沉积物有机质则主要源于入湖渠道挟带的泥沙,贡献达72.79%以上,而浮游植物与大型水生植物的贡献率相差较小,分别为11.85%和15.36%.本研究可以初步判定受入湖渠道影响的富营养化湖泊中悬浮颗粒物和沉积物有机碳来源,为改善湖泊有机污染和研究有机碳来源提供更多理解.  相似文献   

7.
目前人们对地球早期大气氧浓度和硫循环还存在不同的认识. 条带状硅铁建造(BIFs)是地球早期特有的沉积建造类型, 真实地记录了当时大气和海洋的状态. 测定了辽宁鞍山-本溪地区太古代(~2.7 Ga)条带状硅铁建造(BIFs)中硫化物的多硫同位素组成(δ34S/δ33S/δ32S). △33S = -0.89‰ ~ +1.21‰, 非质量分馏明显. 这种非零△33S值意味着太古代硫同位素循环与现在不同, 气相光化学反应发挥了重要作用. 与火山活动关系密切的Algoma型硅铁建造具有负的△33S值, 而远离火山活动中心的Superior型硅铁建造具有正的△33S值. δ34S的变化范围很大, -22.0‰ ~ +11.8‰, 指示当时海水硫酸盐的细菌还原活动已经存在, 海水硫酸盐的浓度至少在局部地区已达1 mmol/L. 结合在条带状硅铁建造中同时出现的赤铁矿、磁铁矿和硫同位素非质量分馏产生和保存条件, 推测太古代大气氧水平相当于现代大气氧水平的10-2~10-3.  相似文献   

8.
为明确草海湖水及其入湖河流硝酸盐污染的主要来源,定量分析各来源的贡献率,对草海湖水与入湖河流水化学特征和水体硝酸盐的氮氧同位素组成进行了系统研究.通过对草海湖水、河水、井水丰水期水体理化参数和同位素分析发现:湖水的NO_3~-/Cl~-比值和Cl-浓度表明其主要受牲畜粪便和城镇污水输入的影响,而河水与井水则受农业活动和城镇污水的共同影响.δD-water与δ~(18)O-water显示草海水体主要源于大气降水,并有较强的蒸发作用.湖水δ~(15)N-NO_3~-和δ~(18)O-NO_3~-值分别为-5.56‰~11.30‰和0.02‰~25.40‰,较河水偏负而较井水偏正.稳定同位素混合模型(SIAR)计算结果表明草海湖水及其入湖河流硝酸盐主要源于化肥、土壤有机氮、牲畜粪便相关的农业活动,其贡献率在50%以上;城镇污水贡献率在22%左右;大气降水的贡献主要体现在湖水中.  相似文献   

9.
内蒙古高原达里诺尔湖夏季水体稳定同位素变化特征   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
基于内蒙古高原寒-旱区达里诺尔湖(简称"达里湖")相对集中的夏季大气降水、强烈的蒸发作用等典型区域气候环境特征,结合湖泊水体温度、盐度等理化指标变化,对夏季达里湖湖水、入湖河水、区域大气降水等样品中稳定氢、氧同位素(δD、δ18O)值变化进行了对比分析.结果显示:虽然整体上达里湖夏季水体并没有形成明显的物理性质"跃层"(如温跃层、盐跃层等),水体理化指标的空间分布相对稳定,但是夏季湖水中δD、δ18O值却随着水深增加逐渐偏负:δD值由表层水体(0~1 m)到底层水体(7~9 m)偏负约1.40‰,δ18O值由表层水体到底层水体偏负约0.27‰.达里湖夏季"大气水线"为δD=8.22δ18O+6.82,显示大气降水中δD、δ18O值受季风降水效应影响的同时受到区域蒸发作用影响.特别是7、8月大气降水同位素变化受降水效应的影响比6、9月更明显,而6、9月大气降水同位素变化受蒸发作用的影响比7、8月更明显.这也导致达里湖夏季上层水体受大气降水的稀释作用影响显著;伴随水深的增加,降水效应及蒸发作用的混合影响逐渐减弱,底层水体受区域地下水补给过程等因素的影响则可能更加明显,即达里湖夏季上层水体和底层水体中稳定同位素组成变化的影响因素存在差异.  相似文献   

10.
常规GC/MS只能分析饱和烃和芳烃馏分中具有挥发性的小分子化合物,以此技术研究原油中含硫杂原子的分布具有明显的局限性.本文采用具有超高分辨率的傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)技术,从分子层次研究中国下第三系典型盐湖相膏盐沉积盆地原油中的硫化物,从分子中杂原子类型、碳原子数和缩合度(以等效双键DBE表示)等方面整体描述有机硫化合物的分子组成.有机硫化合物的杂原子类型十分丰富,鉴定出S1,S2,S3,OS,OS2,O2S,O2S2,NS和NOS等类型(S1表示化合物分子中的杂原子仅含有1个硫原子的杂原子化合物).江汉原油中高丰度有机硫化合物以硫醚类为主,主要是一环环硫醚类化合物;晋县凹陷高硫重质稠油中有机硫化合物主要是苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩类化合物,缩合度和碳数范围大大增加.晋县凹陷和江汉盆地虽然同属下第三系盐湖相膏盐盆地,发育碳酸盐-蒸发岩沉积,但在不同微生物作用下硫的化学成岩演化明显不同,导致具有明显不同的生物标志物组合特征、有机硫化合物分布乃至不同的未熟油-低熟油生油机理.  相似文献   

11.
The Flin Flon Belt of Canada contains Paleoproterozoic volcanic–sedimentary sequences that are related to the Trans‐Hudson Orogeny. The sequences include island arc volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks (Amisk Group) that are unconformably overlain by subaerial sedimentary rocks (Missi Group), and younger deep facies sediments. In the Flin Flon area, several north–south trending faults divide the sequences into blocks and obscure the depositional environment of the deep facies sediments. Locally, within the Flin Flon area, the Embury Lake Formation is in fault contact with island arc volcanic–sedimentary sequences of the Amisk and Missi Groups. To identify the depositional environment of the Embury Lake Formation, we used lithologic and geochemical approaches. Here, we report carbon isotopic values in organic matter (δ13Corg) and sulfur isotopes (δ34S), as well as total organic carbon and total sulfur measurements for the black shale in the formation. Samples were taken from a drill core that contains alternating bands of sandstone and black shale. Pyrite in the black shale is divided into four textural types: euhedral, vein‐type, elliptical, and microcrystalline. Microcrystalline pyrite is typically generated by microbially mediated sulfate reduction. An extremely low S/C ratio (avg. = 0.04) is consistent with lacustrine deposition. The ranges of δ13Corg (?36 ‰ to ?27 ‰) and δ34S (+3.0 ‰ to +7.7 ‰) values can be explained by bacterial photosynthesis that involved Calvin cycle and acetyl CoA pathways, and sulfate reduction in a low‐sulfate environment. Considering the depositional age reported in a previous study of < 1.84 Ga, the Embury Lake Formation was likely emplaced in a lacustrine setting during the Trans‐Hudson Orogeny.  相似文献   

12.
A simple geochemical technique using the ratio of total sulfur (TS) to total organic carbon (TOC) was successfully used to reconstruct paleoenvironments in the Jurassic–Cretaceous Tetori Group, central Japan. The TS to TOC ratio is often employed as an effective parameter to separate modern marine or brackish sediments from freshwater deposits. To test the TS/TOC method for paleoenvironmental interpretation of the Tetori Group, we first analyzed TS/TOC for samples for which depositional conditions (i.e. marine, brackish or freshwater) had been recognized paleontologically. The results indicate that the method can effectively separate sedimentary rocks deposited under freshwater from marine and brackish settings. Once we had established the effectiveness of this method, we applied it to three sections of the Tetori Group, central Japan. Stratigraphic fluctuations in TS/TOC values revealed episodic incursions of marine or brackish conditions in the dominantly freshwater depositional sequence in the middle of the Jobu Formation of the Itoshiro Subgroup at the Izumi section, Fukui Prefecture. The same paleoenvironment is also suggested to occur at the top of the Tetori Group in the Tateyama section, Toyama Prefecture. This research provides important information to paleogeographers who currently lack evidence from facies fossils to indicate if the uppermost part of the Tetori Group represents marine or brackish settings. A chemostratigraphy of TS/TOC parameters potentially could provide a correlation among Jurassic–Cretaceous sequences along continental margins over East Asia.  相似文献   

13.
Routine GC/MS analysis may apply to the volatilized Low-Molecular-Weight compounds in saturate and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions;thus,relative studies using this technique inevitably bring about some limitations on distribution of miscellaneous sulfur atom.In this article,Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry(FT-ICR MS)with high resolution is employed to investigate the distribution of organic sulfur compounds(OSCs)in the crude oil typically derived from the Eogene carbonate-evaporite sediments with further chemical compositional characterization in molecular level by miscellaneous atomic type,carbon number,and double bond equivalent(DBE).A variety of miscellaneous atomic types with S1,S2,S3,OS,OS2,O2S,O2S2,NS,and NOS etc.(S1 means those OSCs with one sulfur atom in a molecule)were identified in OSCs in these oil samples.High levels of alkyl thioether series compounds with one ring structure were presented mainly in the crude oil in the Jianghan Basin whereas high amounts of benzothiophene,dibenzothiophene etc.compounds with higher values in DBE and carbon number range occurred in the sulfur-rich heavy oil in the Jinxian Sag.Although carbonate-evaporite sediments deposited in the saline lacustrine facies in the Eogene basin both occurred in the Jinxian Sag and Jianghan Basin,obviously,they possess different chemical diagenetic pathway of sulfur under various microbial reactions,leading to diverse distributional characteristics on biomarkers,OSCs,and even different hydrocarbon generation mechanism of immature crude oil.  相似文献   

14.
李滔 《四川地震》1993,(1):44-47
地震观测表明,在大震孕育过程中,一定区域内,都伴随有大量的地震活动,地震空间分布图象会发生变化。在实际预报中主要通过对小震活动条带、围空区、前兆震群等空间分布特征的研究,找出半定量指标对未来地震形势作出判断。地震空间密集度是定量研究地震活动性的一种方法。本文研究了滇西北的地震空间密集度,并提炼出判别指标,通过对1980年以来滇西北M_3≥5.0级地震的10次预报检验,结果表明,滇西北地震空间密集度在实际应用中有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

15.
16.
Although the step degree of nonlinearity has been introduced to conduct basic analysis and error propagation analysis for the pseudodynamic testing of nonlinear systems, it cannot be reliably used to select an appropriate time step before performing a pseudodynamic test. Therefore, a novel parameter of instantaneous degree of nonlinearity is introduced to monitor the stiffness change at the end of a time step, and can thus be used to evaluate numerical and error propagation properties for nonlinear systems. Based on these properties, it is possible to select an appropriate time step to conduct a pseudodynamic test in advance. This possibility is very important in pseudodynamic testing, since the use of an arbitrary time step might lead to unreliable results or even destroy the test specimen. In this paper, guidelines are proposed for choosing an appropriate time step for accurate integration of nonlinear systems. These guidelines require estimation of the maximum instantaneous degree of nonlinearity and the solution of the initial natural frequency. The Newmark explicit method is chosen for this study. All the analytical results and the guidelines proposed are thoroughly confirmed with numerical examples.  相似文献   

17.
定义了描述地幔混合程度的新的统计学量度——地幔块体对流置换度和对流混合扩散度.地幔块体对流置换度等于至少被置换一次的块体数与地幔总块体数之比,对流混合扩散度等于示踪元初始体密度与示踪元终体密度之比.本研究假设地幔对流是稳定的,上地幔和下地幔的黏滞性存在差异,其驱动力为板块运动或地幔中密度异常分布.实验中地幔被划分为20736 个块体(5°×5°×300 km),2376个示踪元被放置在地幔顶部100 km深度或底部100 km高度的5°×5°的网格点上.模型计算表明, 地幔块体对流置换度随运转时间变化.就全地幔而言,在系统运行四十亿年后,大多数模型对应的块体对流置换度均超过80%,而上地幔块体置换度则达到90%.这预示大多数的地幔块体将被来自其他位置的块体所取代.对于放置在地幔顶部或底部,浓缩于很小空间10°×10°(间距0.25°) 中的两组1681个示踪元而言,尽管其对流混合扩散度在开始有较大的差异,但是在运行一段时间之后,此两组对应的对流混合扩散度均趋于常数,示踪元比较均匀地分布于全地幔之中.由以上的结果可以推断,在经历了四十五亿年的演化过程后,由于对流的作用使地幔基本上已经均匀混合,地幔中不大可能存在尺度大于5°×5°×300 km的异常块体.  相似文献   

18.
从ML≥4.7地震前震中附近地区中小地震活动呈现增强过程及地震活动参数表现的异常现象出发,对河南及邻区1970年至今ML≥4.7地震前b值、c值、d值的综合异常进行了分析,认为其对提高地震分析预报的可信度,较好地避免单方法预报的虚报、漏报有一定的效果。  相似文献   

19.
Effective migration system of coalbed methane(CBM)reservoir,which was controlled by development degree and opening-closing degree of fractures,determines the permeability of coal reservoir and can be characterized by the pore-fracture system in the extrinsic form.In this paper,based on coal matrix elastic self-regulating effect theory and coal reservoir combined elastic energy theory,the fracture opening-closing degree parameterΔand the fracture development degree parameterξare suggested for the quantitative study of the effective migration system of CBM reservoir in southern Qinshui Basin.Further,the control functions ofξandΔto CBM enrichment and high production are discussed.The results show that in present stage the area with highξvalue is located in Anze and Qinyuan,and then Zhengzhuang and Fangzhuang,where fracture development degree is high.The area with highΔvalue is located in Zhengzhuang and Fanzhuang,and then Anze and Qinyuan,indicating where coal matrix elastic self-regulating positive effect dominates and fractures tend to be open.Through the comprehensive analysis onξandΔ,it can be found that their best match area is located in Zhengzhuang and Fanzhuang,with high values for fracture development degree and opening-closing degree probably bringing about high fluid pressure and good permeability of reservoirs,which are advantageous to an abundant CBM production.  相似文献   

20.
李炳乾 《内陆地震》1992,6(2):131-137
运用灰色系统理论的关联分析方法研究了我国大陆主要强震区强震活动的关联性。结果表明:青藏强震区、南北强震带和北疆强震区强震活动的相互关联程度较强;华北强震区的强震活动与其他强震区的关系较弱,具有一定的独立性。  相似文献   

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