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利用差异演化（Differential Evolution）非线性全局优化算法，设计了一种反演地壳速度模型和进行地震定位的方法，并给出了反演结果的具体分析.利用有限差分算法计算速度模型的走时场，可以节省大量的计算量，加快计算过程.反演得到的地壳速度模型和地震的震源参数可以直接用于地震层析成像研究，还可以利用地震层析成像得到的三维速度结构对地震重新定位，从而得到较为精确的震源参数.地壳速度模型的反演方法也可以用于三维速度结构的反演. 相似文献
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三维波动方程叠前深度偏移是复杂介质中进行构造成像、弹性参数反演的重要环节．由于其技术实现不仅涉及波场延拓理论的创新,而且需要大规模计算,因而研究难度较大．本文以实验效果的取得为目的,完整地实现了SEG／EAEG盐丘和推覆体模型的三维波动方程辛几何算法的叠前深度偏移成像计算．文中详细考察了所研制的波动方程三维叠前深度偏移软件系统及其对复杂地质构造的成像能力,具体包括：1)对于盐丘模型,文中讨论了成像参数的选择、地震子波对成像精度的影响、完成二维及三维叠前深度偏移的比较;2)对推覆体模型,文中进行了脉冲响应测试;3)由两个模型的成像结果可见本文的波动方程三维叠前深度偏移软件系统已具有适应强速度横向变化、复杂构造的成像能力。 相似文献
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The construction of 3-D basin velocity structures is ongoing in many regions of Japan. The structure models are constructed
mainly for the prediction of long-period ground motions from future large earthquakes. In this paper, we validate the 3-D
velocity structure model of the Tokachi basin, a deep sedimentary basin located in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, based on 3-D simulation
of long-period (2–20 s) ground motions from three nearby intermediate-depth earthquakes; this model was constructed by the
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED). We make comparisons between the observed and
synthetic long-period ground motions for the basin-induced surface waves as well as the direct S-wave. We also try to revise
the 3-D velocity structure in the western part of the Tokachi basin based on 1-D velocity structures estimated using long-period
S-wave modeling and the microtremor survey method. We then perform the 3-D simulation again to validate the revised model.
Based on quantitative comparisons of the long-period ground motions from these simulations with those observed, we conclude
that the NIED and revised velocity structure models are generally good at the central basin sites, but that both models require
modification at the basin edges to explain the details of the observed basin-induced surface waves. 相似文献
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从含Thomsen各向异性参数的qP波相速度表示式出发,建立并求解三维VTI介质中的频散方程,得到三维VTI介质中的相移算子,进而将以相移算子为基础的最优分裂Fourier方法推广到三维VTI介质,发展了一个三维VTI介质的深度偏移方法.文中使用的各向异性介质的速度模型与现行的各向异性构造的速度估计方法一致,将各向同性、弱各向异性及强各向异性统一在一个模型中.文中提出的偏移算法对相移法引入了高阶校正项来补偿介质横向变化的影响,使该方法可应用于横向非均匀VTI介质的陡角度成像,文中给出的偏移脉冲响应很好地证明了这一点. 相似文献
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利用在青藏高原东部及其邻近地区记录到的１万余条近震到时资料,反演该地区的地壳上地幔三维速度结构。采用网格点模型描述三维速度结构,模型维数为２２２２６,网格点间距水平向为１００ｋｍ,垂直向为２０ｋｍ,网格点之间的速度值通过线性插值给出。采用改进了的快速三维射线追踪方法,确定三维非均匀介质中的地震射线路径和理论走时。反演结果显示,青藏高原南部的上地壳中（３０ｋｍ左右的深度）存在一低速区,这和面波反演的结果一致,羌塘块体下地壳有明显的低速异常带,青藏公路沿线的垂直速度剖面显示出岩石层受挤压增厚的构造特征。 相似文献
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罗马尼亚Ｖａｎｃｅａ地震区是大陆上发生与板块磁撞和削减有关的中深部地震活动的地区之一。本文介绍了应用地震层析成象方法研究该地区深部速度结构成果。在研究中使用了地方和区域地震所记录的４３３个浅源和中部地震的到时资料反演求解深至２００ｋｍ的三维速度结构,在走时和射线路径的计算中利用了有效的三维射线跟踪技术,在反演中采用ＬＳＱＲ算法,高分辨率的地震层析图象揭示了速度结构的广泛不均匀性,结果表明,地震层析 相似文献
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Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ３－Ｄｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙｈａｓｂｅｅｎａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｖａｒｉｏｕｓｇｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ．ＡｋｉａｎｄＬｅｅ（１９７６）ａｎｄＨａｗｌｅｙｅｔａｌ．（１９８１）ｉｎｖｅｒｔｅｄ３－Ｄｍｏｄｅ... 相似文献
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This paper studies the computation method of two-step inversion of interface and velocity in a region. The 3-D interface is
described by a segmented incomplete polynomial; while the reconstruction of 3-D velocity is accomplished by the principle
of least squares in functional space. The computation is carried out in two steps. The first step is to inverse the shape
of 3-D interface; while the second step is to do 3-D velocity inversion by distributing the remaining residual errors of travel
time in accordance with their weights. The data of seismic sounding in the Tangshan-Luanxian seismic region are processed,
from which the 3-D structural form in depth of the Tangshan seismic region and the 3-D velocity distribution in the crust
below the Tangshan-Luanxian seismic region are obtained. The result shows that the deep 3-D structure in the Tangshan seismic
region trends NE on the whole and the structure sandwiched between the NE-trending Fengtai-Yejituo fault and the NE-trending
Tangshan fault is an uplifted zone of the Moho. In the 3-D velocity structure of middle-lower crust below that region, there
is an obvious belt of low-velocity anomaly to exist along the NE-trending Tangshan fault, the position of which tallies with
that of the Tangshan seismicity belt. The larger block of low-velocity anomaly near Shaheyi corresponds to a denser earthquake
distribution. In that region, there is an NW-trending belt of high-velocity anomaly, probably a buried fault zone. The lower
crust below the epicentral region of the Tangshan M
S=7.8 earthquake is a place where the NE-trending belt of low-velocity anomaly meets the NW-trending belt of high-velocity
anomaly. The two sets of structures had played an important role in controlling the preparation and occurrence of the M
S=7.8 Tangshan earthquake.
Contribution RCEG97006, Research Center of Exploration Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau, China.
This project is supported by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation. 相似文献
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地壳三维构造反演和速度层析成像 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本文给出利用空间深地震测深反射资料重建地壳三维构造和速度分布的方法，适用于任意分层并且每层可由若干断块组成的地壳模型。通过采用适当的反演方法获得地壳界面的三维构造，并在此结果基础之上，进一步将剩余走时残差归因于地壳速度的不均匀性，采用东分块的反演方法，重建地壳三维速度分布，数值模拟的结果表明算法是有效的。 相似文献
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本文详细的介绍了模型约束三维折射静校正技术的基本原理和计算步骤,具体给出了三维抽线,目的层质量监控,三维速度内插,三维底界内插等技术的实现方法,并结合了西部某工区的具体实例加以说明.结果表明,这种由微测井、小折射求取近地表深度-时间速度模型,由大炮记录折射初至旅行时求取各点延迟时,两者联合反演低降速层底界的厚度和高程,最终求取低降速层静校正量的方法,可明显提高低降速带的反演精度,较好地解决表层结构复杂地区的静校正问题. 相似文献
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2-D P-wave velocity structure in the mideast segment of Zhangjiakou-Bohai tectonic zone: Anxin-Xianghe-Kuancheng DSS profile 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Introduction The Capital-circle area is the center of politics, economy and culture of China, and manystrong earthquakes occurred here in history. The Zhangjiakou-Bohai tectonic zone located in thearea is an important active zone. In the period of 500 years between AD 1481~1981, 18 earth-quakes with magnitude more than 6 occurred in the area and 11 of them lay in this active tectoniczone. During 1992~2001, continuous GPS observation found sinistral relative movement betweenYanshan Mo… 相似文献
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IntroductionGeologistsfirstlyfoundcoesite-bearingecologitesattheendof1980'sandthenthemicrodiamond(Xu,elal,1992)inDabieshanarea.Theultra-highpressure(UHP)metamorphismandthegeodynamicprocessesofDabieorogenhaveattractedmanygeoscientists(Wang,etal,1989,O... 相似文献
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珠江口地区位于南海北部大陆的边缘,具有洋陆过渡型地壳特征,且NE向滨海断裂带从其中穿过,强震风险不可忽视。文中基于2015年珠江口海陆联合三维人工地震探测数据,人工进行初至P波震相拾取,并使用VELEST程序分别反演了陆域和海域的最小一维P波速度模型(走时残差均方根最小)和台站校正结果。台站校正结果的空间分布与区域地形、地质构造和沉积厚度相关较好,正值多分布在珠江三角洲沉积盆地和珠江口盆地内,而负值多分布在花岗岩等基岩出露地区以及滨海断裂带北侧和北部断阶带内的部分隆起地区。新模型对人工地震走时的拟合精度较高,陆域走时残差均方根为0.07s,海域为0.21s。与华南模型相比,新模型对区域地震定位的效果更好,重定位后,陆域的P波地震走时残差降低了22.6%、S波降低了21.2%;海域的P波地震走时残差降低了25.7%、S波降低了15.6%。新模型可为区域地震定位、地震参数和三维成像研究提供参考。 相似文献
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本文以玉溪盆地为例，提出了一种包含数据预处理、模型建立、模型修正和模型检验的建模方法.基于各类数据间不同的可信度，给出了消除各类数据间速度偏差的折减函数.为避免以往模型修正过程中对地震波形数据的依赖以及对地脉动H/V谱进行模拟等复杂问题，本文提出了一种改进的模型修正方法，即根据基阶瑞雷波H/V谱与实测地脉动H/V谱形状变化相似的原则，对模型进行修正.修正依据为:在玉溪盆地中，单个地脉动测点所在位置处的地下速度结构中各沉积层面的深度均增加约15 m时，由该点的地下速度结构得到的基阶瑞雷波H/V谱的波峰周期和波谷周期均增加约0.1 s，且二者分别由盆地内沉积层的深层和浅层的速度结构所控制.由于地脉动数据的获取较方便，因此该模型修正方法具有广泛的适用性，由该方法修正后的玉溪盆地三维速度结构模型经检验具有较高的准确度. 相似文献
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Application of 3-D Crustal and Upper Mantle Velocity Model of North America for Location of Regional Seismic Events 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
—?Seismic event locations based on regional 1-D velocity-depth sections can have bias errors caused by travel-time variations within different tectonic provinces and due to ray-paths crossing boundaries between tectonic provinces with different crustal and upper mantle velocity structures. Seismic event locations based on 3-D velocity models have the potential to overcome these limitations. This paper summarizes preliminary results for calibration of IMS for North America using 3-D velocity model. A 3-D modeling software was used to compute Source-Station Specific Corrections (SSSCs(3-D)) for Pn travel times utilizing 3-D crustal and upper mantle velocity model for the region. This research was performed within the framework of the United States/Russian Federation Joint Program of Seismic Calibration of the International Monitoring System (IMS) in Northern Eurasia and North America.¶An initial 3-D velocity model for North America was derived by combining and interpolating 1-D velocity-depth sections for different tectonic units. In areas where no information on 1-D velocity-depth sections was available, tectonic regionalization was used to extrapolate or interpolate. A Moho depth map was integrated. This approach combines the information obtained from refraction profiles with information derived from local and regional network data. The initial 3-D velocity model was tested against maps of Pn travel-time residuals for eight calibration explosions; corrections to the 3-D model were made to fit the observed residuals. Our goal was to find a 3-D crustal and upper mantle velocity model capable predicting Pn travel times with an accuracy of 1.0–1.5 seconds (r.m.s.).¶The 3-D velocity model for North America that gave the best fit to the observed travel times, was used to produce maps of SSSCs(3-D) for seismic stations. The computed SSSCs(3-D) vary approximately from +5 seconds to ?5 seconds for the western USA and the Pre-Cambrian platform, respectively. These SSSCs(3-D) along with estimated modeling and measurement errors were used to relocate, using regional data, an independent set of large chemical explosions (with known locations and origin times) detonated within various tectonic provinces of North America. Utilization of the 3-D velocity model through application of the computed SSSCs(3-D) resulted in a substantial improvement in seismic event location accuracy and in a significant decrease of error ellipse area for all events analyzed in comparison both with locations based on the IASPEI91 travel times and locations based on 1-D regional velocity models. 相似文献
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