共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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合成孔径雷达(SAR)遥感是城镇建筑震害监测的重要手段之一.随着SAR传感器技术的最新发展,利用高分辨率、多极化SAR图像对城镇建筑地震灾害损毁进行探测和评估成为当前的研究趋势和热点.文中首先分析了建筑物及其震害损毁SAR成像特点,并系统综述了近15年来国内外基于SAR图像进行城镇建筑震害损毁探测与评估技术方法的研究和应用现状,评述了各类方法的优缺点,最后针对当前SAR传感器高分辨率、全极化的发展趋势,对有待于进一步研究的问题和技术发展趋势进行了展望. 相似文献
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本研究将边界层相似理论与对流理论应用到具有海洋大气边界层(Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer, MABL)对流特征的星载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)遥感图像,探讨了星载SAR遥感图像描述海气应力作用下水平扰动尺度变化的潜在可能性.针对具有三维对流涡旋Cell和二维水平滚轴涡旋Roll特征的星载SAR遥感图像,反演了中国海海域MABL高度,并与同步实验获取的MABL高度结果进行对比.结果表明,利用具有对流特征的星载SAR遥感图像反演MABL高度是可行的,展示了以高分辨率、大面积观测为特点的星载SAR遥感图像探测MABL的广阔前景. 相似文献
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机载SAR对海探测时,探测范围小和时空匹配难等局限使其无法借助风条纹和辅助资料反演海面风矢量.本文在仿真研究CMOD5.N地球物理模型参数的函数关系,实例分析机载SAR探测图像中距离向均值曲线变化规律的基础上,发现相同风向、风速条件下,CMOD5.N模型构建的标准曲线和探测图像的距离向均值曲线遵循统一的归一化雷达截面随入射角变化规律,且两者具有良好的相关性.据此,本文提出将距离向均值曲线与标准曲线逐条匹配,采用相关系数判定两者的相关程度,选择使得相关系数绝对值最大的标准曲线作为最优匹配曲线,进而直接确定风向和风速的海面风矢量反演方法.机载SAR飞行探测实验结果表明,海面风矢量反演结果与浮标观测结果的均方根误差为风向11.3°,风速0.9m·s-1,高于反演精度指标要求,原因在于该方法既避免了机载SAR探测图像中斑点噪声的影响,又不会产生局部最优解,提高了海面风矢量反演精度. 相似文献
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为解决与光学遥感图像不同的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像中存在大量混合像元的问题,本文提出了一种基于拉格朗日分解算法的SAR图像混合像元分解的方法,结合相关内容中具体定理的证明,文中给出拉格朗日分解算法用于SAR图像混合像元分解的系统的求解方法.用人工模拟SAR图像和ENVISAT SAR图像进行实验,结果表明拉格朗日分解算法的混合像元分解结果明显优于非约束类神经网络(文中实验以BP神经网络为例)的分解结果. 相似文献
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利用有限单元法对水下激发极化测深进行数值模拟以研究其异常特征和适用条件.水下的电阻率测深和激电测深均可对水底地质体进行近距离探测，提高探测分辨率.而水底地形对视电阻率测深的影响很大.水底极化体有限元正演模拟的结果表明，水底地形对激发极化测深结果没有影响.采用水下激发极化法进行地质体探测是可行、有效的.通过计算不同水体和水底岩石电阻率对视极化率幅值的影响发现，水体电阻率是影响水下极化率测深的主要因素.由于海水的电阻率过低，观测视极化率异常微弱而不适合开展水下激电工作. 相似文献
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海底流体逃逸活动对海洋油气勘探、天然气水合物勘查和试采、海底固体矿产勘探与全球气候变化研究等方面具有重要意义.理解海底流体逃逸活动规律,研究流体逃逸活动演化过程,并建立综合探测体系显得尤为重要.本文系统梳理了海底流体逃逸活动在海底可视技术、综合声学水体成像技术、"磁亮点"技术以及卫星遥感技术等相关探测方法下的不同地球物理响应.分析认为,海底流体逃逸活动容易改变海底地层的物理性质和形态,在地震剖面和声学图像上表现为独特的流体异常反射特征和声学响应;烃渗漏形成烃蚀变带,在航磁图像上表现为弱磁异常;渗漏油膜在SAR卫星图像上表现为黑色斑块;天然地震控制下的断裂带流体逃逸活动在临震时震中附近在热红外图像上表现为亮温异常.结合不同探测方法的探测效率和优势特征,提出了利用卫星遥感和"磁亮点"等方法进行平面约束预测,用剖面或立体声学水体成像数据进行海底流体活动确认,再通过海底可视数据进行精细探测的综合地球物理探测方法,为深入研究海底流体活动系统理论提供参考,同时指出流体逃逸活动研究的相关方向. 相似文献
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Synergy and fusion of optical and synthetic aperture radar satellite data for underwater topography estimation in coastal areas 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Andrey Pleskachevsky Susanne Lehner Thomas Heege Claudius Mott 《Ocean Dynamics》2011,61(12):2099-2120
A method to obtain underwater topography for coastal areas using state-of-the-art remote sensing data and techniques worldwide
is presented. The data from the new Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite TerraSAR-X with high resolution up to 1 m are
used to render the ocean waves. As bathymetry is reflected by long swell wave refraction governed by underwater structures
in shallow areas, it can be derived using the dispersion relation from observed swell properties. To complete the bathymetric
maps, optical satellite data of the QuickBird satellite are fused to map extreme shallow waters, e.g., in near-coast areas.
The algorithms for bathymetry estimation from optical and SAR data are combined and integrated in order to cover different
depth domains. Both techniques make use of different physical phenomena and mathematical treatment. The optical methods based
on sunlight reflection analysis provide depths in shallow water up to 20 m in preferably calm weather conditions. The depth
estimation from SAR is based on the observation of long waves and covers the areas between about 70- and 10-m water depths
depending on sea state and acquisition quality. The depths in the range of 20 m up to 10 m represent the domain where the
synergy of data from both sources arises. Thus, the results derived from SAR and optical sensors complement each other. In
this study, a bathymetry map near Rottnest Island, Australia, is derived. QuickBird satellite optical data and radar data
from TerraSAR-X have been used. The depths estimated are aligned on two different grids. The first one is a uniform rectangular
mesh with a horizontal resolution of 150 m, which corresponds to an average swell wavelength observed in the 10 × 10-km SAR
image acquired. The second mesh has a resolution of 150 m for depths up to 20 m (deeper domain covered by SAR-based technique)
and 2.4 m resolution for the shallow domain imaged by an optical sensor. This new technique provides a platform for mapping
of coastal bathymetry over a broad area on a scale that is relevant to marine planners, managers, and offshore industry. 相似文献
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Ocean wave imaging mechanism by imaging radar 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
HE Yijun 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2000,43(6):587-595
Analytical representations of the high frequency spectra of ocean wave and its variation due to the variation of ocean surface
current are derived from the wave-number spectrum balance equation. The ocean surface imaging formulation of real aperture
radar (RAR) is given using electromagnetic wave backscattering theory of ocean surface and the modulations of ocean surface
winds, currents and their variations to RAR are described. A general representation of the phase modulation induced by the
ocean surface motion is derived according to standard synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging theory. The detectability of
ocean current and sea bottom topography by imaging radar is discussed. The results constitute the theoretical basis for detecting
ocean wave fields, ocean surface winds, ocean surface current fields, sea bottom topography, internal wave and so on. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,(10)
A new method for the retrieval of ocean wave parameters from SAR imagery is developed,based on the shape-from-shading(SFS)technique.Previously,the SFS technique has been used in the reconstruction of 3D landform information from SAR images,in order to generate elevation maps of topography for land surfaces.Here,in order to retrieve ocean wave characteristics,we apply the SFS methodology,together with a method to orient the angular measurements of the azimuth slope and range slope,in the measurement of ocean surface waves.This method is applied to high resolution fine-quad polarization mode(HH,VV,VH and HV)C-band RADARSAT-2 SAR imagery,in order to retrieve ocean wave spectra and extract wave parameters.Collocated in situ buoy measurements are used to validate the reliability of this method.Results show that the method can reliably estimate wave height,dominant wave period,dominant wave length and dominant wave direction from C-band SAR images.The advantage of this method is that it does not depend on modulation transfer functions(MTFs),in order to measure ocean surface waves.This method can be used in monitoring ocean surface wave propagation through open water areas into ice-covered areas,especially the marginal ice zone(MIZ)in polar oceans. 相似文献
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A robust well-balanced finite volume model for shallow water flows with wetting and drying over irregular terrain 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
An unstructured Godunov-type finite volume model is developed for the numerical simulation of geometrically challenging two-dimensional shallow water flows with wetting and drying over convoluted topography. In the framework of sloping bottom model, a modified formulation of shallow water equations is used to preserve mass conservation during flooding and recession. The key ingredient of the model is the use of this combination of the sloping bottom model and the modified shallow water equations to provide a robust technique for wet/dry fronts tracking and, together with centered discretization of the bed slope source term, to exactly preserve the static flow on irregular topographies. The variable reconstruction technique ensures nonnegative reconstructed water depth and reasonable reconstructed velocity, and the friction terms are solved by semi-implicit scheme that does not invert the direction of velocity components. The robustness and accuracy of the proposed model are assessed by comparing numerical and reference results of extensive test cases. Moreover, the results of a dam-break flooding over real topography are presented to show the capability of the model on field-scale application. 相似文献
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The worldwide availability of digital elevation models (DEMs) has enabled rapid (semi-)automated mapping of earth surface landforms. In this paper, we first present an approach for delineating valley bottom extent across a large catchment using only publicly available, coarse-resolution DEM input. We assess the sensitivity of our results to variable DEM resolution and find that coarse-resolution datasets (90 m resolution) provide superior results. We also find that LiDAR-derived DEMs produce more realistic results than satellite-derived DEMs across the full range of topographic settings tested. Satellite-derived DEMs perform more effectively in moderate topographic settings, but fail to capture the subtleties of valley bottom extent in mild gradient, low-lying topography and in narrow headwater reaches. Second, we present a semi-automated technique within ArcGIS for delineating valley bottom segments using DEM-derived network scale metrics of valley bottom width and slope. We use an unsupervised machine-learning technique based on the k-means clustering algorithm to solve a conundrum in GIS-based geomorphic analysis of rivers: the delineation of valley bottom segments of variable length. The delineation of valley bottom segments provides a coarse-scale entry point into automated geomorphic analysis and characterization of river systems. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A cross-sectional nonhydrostatic model using idealized sill topography is used to examine the influence of bottom friction
upon unsteady lee wave generation and flow in the region of a sill. The implications of changes in shear and lee wave intensity
in terms of local mixing are also considered. Motion is induced by a barotropic tidal flow which produces a hydraulic transition,
associated with which are convective overturning cells, wave breaking, and unsteady lee waves that give rise to mixing on
the lee side of the sill. Calculations show that, as bottom friction is increased, current profiles on the shallow sill crest
develop a highly sheared bottom boundary layer. This enhanced current shear changes the downwelling of isotherms downstream
of the sill with an associated increase in the hydraulic transition, wave breaking, and convective mixing in the upper part
of the water column. Both short and longer time calculations with wide and narrow sills for a number of sill depths and buoyancy
frequencies confirm that increasing bottom friction modifies the flow and unsteady lee wave distribution on the downstream
side of a sill. Associated with this increase in bottom friction coefficient, there is increased mixing in the upper part
of the water column with an associated decrease in the vertical temperature gradient. However, this increase in mixing and
decrease in temperature gradient in the upper part of the water column is very different from the conventional change in near-bed
temperature gradient produced by increased bottom mixing that occurs in shallow sea regions as the bottom drag coefficient
is increased. 相似文献
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Tal Ezer 《Ocean Dynamics》2017,67(5):651-664
Two aspects of the interactions between the Gulf Stream (GS) and the bottom topography are investigated: 1. the spatial variations associated with the north-south tilt of mean sea level along the US East Coast and 2. the high-frequency temporal variations of coastal sea level (CSL) that are related to Gulf Stream dynamics. A regional ocean circulation model is used to assess the role of topography; this is done by conducting numerical simulations of the GS with two different topographies–one case with a realistic topography and another case with an idealized smooth topography that neglects the details of the coastline and the very deep ocean. High-frequency oscillations (with a 5-day period) in the zonal wind and in the GS transport are imposed on the model; the source of the GS variability is either the Florida Current (FC) in the south or the Slope Current (SC) in the north. The results demonstrate that the abrupt change of topography at Cape Hatteras, near the point where the GS separates from the coast, amplifies the northward downward mean sea level tilt along the coast there. The results suggest that idealized or coarse resolution models that do not resolve the details of the coastline may underestimate the difference between the higher mean sea level in the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) and the lower mean sea level in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB). Imposed variations in the model’s GS transport can generate coherent sea level variability along the coast, similar to the observations. However, when the bottom topography in the model is modified (or not well resolved), the shape of the coastline and the continental shelf influence the propagation of coastal-trapped waves and impact the CSL variability. The results can explain the different characteristics of sea level variability in the SAB and in the MAB and help understand unexpected water level anomalies and flooding related to remote influence of the GS. 相似文献