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运用研制的KBD5矿用本安型电磁辐射监测仪测试了煤矿采掘过程中工作面煤岩体的电磁辐射，分析了电磁信号与采掘工艺及煤岩动力灾害危险性等的关系。研究表明，煤矿采掘过程伴随产生电磁辐射，电磁辐射是煤岩体受到采动影响后应力重新分布或变形破裂趋向新平衡的结果；有煤与瓦斯突出和冲击地压危险时，有明显的电磁异常前兆；采取防治措施后，电磁辐射显著下降。电磁辐射技术在煤矿可以用于预测煤与瓦斯突出、冲击地压等煤岩动力灾害。 相似文献
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准确预测煤岩破裂震源方位,确定采掘工作面重点灾害区域,可以使煤岩动力灾害防治措施更为有效.根据煤岩变形破裂电磁效应规律和电磁波基础理论,提出了一种利用电磁信号能量来确定局部震源方位的方法,并通过实验室定向接收实验和平煤十矿现场测试验证该方法的有效性.结果表明,电磁信号强度随着煤岩体应力状态变化而变化;两个正交天线接收的电磁信号能量分别与各自接收夹角余弦值的平方成正比,利用此比例关系可以确定震源的方位;电磁信号定位方法与静态指标法预测局部区域危险性具有较好的检验一致性.研究成果为煤岩动力灾害重点灾害区域的判定提供依据. 相似文献
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为准确确定露天煤矿地下水分布与类型,根据不同赋存条件电磁差异,基于磁场强度与电阻率参数进行异常划分与类型判别。以新疆某露天煤矿为例,采用高精度磁法通过磁异常强度确定烧变岩边界,并采用高密度电法和瞬变电磁法通过电阻率圈定低阻异常区,结合异常响应差异分别推断地下水分布范围与赋存类型。地面钻探验证探测成果的准确性。结果表明:露天煤矿烧变岩水与砂岩裂隙水电磁响应差异明显,基于磁场强度与电阻率的双参数综合电磁法能准确圈定其分布范围,并判别其赋存类型。 相似文献
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利用建立的煤体表面电位实验系统,研究了煤体在单轴压缩、拉伸、三点弯曲等不同破坏方式下的表面电位效应特征和规律. 研究结果表明, 煤体在受载破坏时能够产生表面电位, 并且表面电位与载荷呈较好的一致性,它们之间的相关系数可达到0.6～0.9;同时,载荷的变化会引起表面电位相应的变化,表面电位信号一般随载荷的增加而增强, 随载荷的降低而减弱;并且表面电位在煤样表面上的分布是随载荷增加及煤样的破坏而变化的. 通过煤体表面电位的研究, 对进一步深入研究煤体破裂电磁辐射的产生机理, 促进煤岩电磁辐射技术的发展和应用具有一定的作用. 同时,对于煤体表面电位的深入研究,可望为评定煤矿现场煤体应力状态及其稳定性、监测预报煤岩动力灾害提供一种新的方法和手段. 相似文献
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《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2000,43(1):5-13
An electromagnetic radiation (EMR) method associated with rock fracture was employed to study water infusion in rockburst-prone coal strata. Measurements of EMR activity during borehole drilling revealed that a hole nearing a stress peak excites a sharp increase in EMR activity. Water pressure increase/decrease excited EMR activity up to the coal stratum transition to residual stress. An absence of EMR activity during water pressure changes could be a criterion for water infusion performance. 相似文献
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通过回顾近六十年来矿井物探的发展历程,简要分析总结了国内外现有的煤矿矿井物探技术的分类与特点、研究现状与应用成果,详细介绍了主要矿井物探方法技术（矿井地震法、矿井电磁法）的研究应用新进展,提出了目前我国矿井物探技术存在的一些迫切需要解决的问题和今后的发展方向.结果表明：矿井物探是地面勘探技术的重要补充,是矿井地质工作的重要手段,它相对于常规的矿井地质手段而言,具有更准确、更快捷、更方便等特点,已成为我国煤矿现代化安全生产中必备的探测技术手段,具有广阔的发展前景. 相似文献
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Calculation of Electromagnetic Radiation Criterion for Rockburst Hazard Forecast in Coal Mines 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
V. Frid 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2001,158(5-6):931-944
— Intensive micro-fracturing of rock close to mining operations accompanies an increase in the likelihood of rockbursting. This fracturing causes an increase of the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) level by up two orders of magnitude, depending on the mining environment. Several examples of this enhanced EMR are presented in this paper. We first treat the EMR theoretical criterion of rockburst hazard in coal mines and compare it with the empirical criterion of EMR activity that was revealed on the basis of more than 400 different hazardous and non-hazardous situations in underground coal mines. Only the following parameters are needed to estimate the EMR criterion of rockburst hazard: limiting value of gum volume, mine working width, coal seam thickness, and coal elastic properties. 相似文献
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矿震震动波速度层析成像,作为一种新的地球物理方法在冲击矿压危险评估领域具有广阔的应用前景,但截至目前,采用该技术评估冲击危险的现场应用研究还比较少,尤其是与传统监测手段的对比验证研究,还未见有相关文献报道.本文将层析成像技术和微震实时监测相结合,对河南义马跃进煤矿25110工作面回采过程中的P波速度进行了反演,并对比分析了该技术与传统监测手段之间的对应关系.研究结果表明,强矿震主要发生在高波速区或高波速变化梯度区;波速与数值模拟结果、钻屑量、钻孔应力值以及电磁辐射值之间存在正相关关系,且对应一致性较好,进而验证了矿震震动波速度层析成像技术评估冲击危险的可行性,同时也为进一步研究波速与应力或冲击危险的直接及定量关系提供参考. 相似文献
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京西矿震活动特征及其与天然地震关系初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
该文介绍了门头沟矿震的概况;对门头沟矿震与天然地震进行了相关分析,认为门头沟煤矿矿震活动可作为一种较好的监视首都圈中西部强震的中尺度监测手段;论证了门头沟煤矿矿震活动作为首都圈地应力变化监测哨的地质依据,并初步建立了矿震作为地震前兆的力学模型;提供了矿震预测天然地震的地质依据。 相似文献
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Underground mining of coal seams in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland is accompanied by seismic activity of varying magnitude. The investigations which have been performed for several years distinguished high energy mine tremors connected directly with mining or coupled with geological structures, such as large faults. In mined seams, local fault zones occur. Faults in these zones are usually small, with throws comparable with coal seams thicknesses. Local fault zone may be responsible for the occurrence of high energy tremors as well as large faults, as presented in this article. An analysis of source mechanism of high energy tremors generated during longwall mining of the coal seam No. 510, with presence of a local fault zone, in one of the Polish hard coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin was performed. For this purpose, the seismic moment tensor inversion method was used. In most of foci, the process of shear predominated. Determined nodal plane parameters were correlated with parameters of faults forming the local fault zone. High energy tremors were generated mostly by dislocations on faults of the local fault zone. Weakening of roof rocks in the neighborhood of local fault zone takes an important role too, and was responsible for share of implosion in the focal mechanism. 相似文献
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煤矿井下矿井瞬变电磁法(MTEM)探测中,电磁场呈全空间分布,全空间瞬变电磁反演是复杂的非线性问题,目前反演计算中全空间响应主要由半空间响应乘以全空间响应系数来得到,导致反演结果中顶板和底板异常(或前方和后方异常)叠加在一起难以分离,造成分辨率下降.论文提出采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)进行全空间MTEM反演,通过理论分析,在常规的粒子群算法基础上提出了一种新的进化公式改进策略,提高了粒子群算法的寻优能力.基于全空间瞬变电磁场理论,编写了粒子群算法反演程序,进行全空间条件下五层含巷道的复杂模型的反演计算.结合某矿井巷道顶板、底板岩层及断层含水性的探测实例,对实测数据进行反演计算和解释,探测结果得到钻探证实.研究表明,改进的粒子群优化算法对理论模型和实际资料的反演拟合程度较高,实现了矿井顶板、底板视电阻率异常的分离,提高了全空间瞬变电磁勘探资料的解释精度和分辨率. 相似文献
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应用可控源音频大地电磁法在福建隐伏煤矿区进行了勘探研究.针对"三下找煤",在试验区做了CSAMT探测,分析原始数据,结合各矿区相关的地质资料,比对反演结果,进行了地层划分,圈定了靶区.研究结果表明,在隐伏煤矿区应用CSAMT法探测煤系地层有切实可行的效果. 相似文献
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Possible mechanism of rockbursts in coal mines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
One of the important questions of rockburst prevention is the understanding of the mechanism of rockburst source. This question can be effectively studied by direct seismic observations in the rockburst regions. For this purpose, the distribution ofP-wave onset signs and the inversion of first motion amplitudes were utilized as the basic method. In such a way the coal mine regions in Poland (Upper Silesia) and in Czechoslovakia (Kladno coal mine district) were studied as part of the Polish-Czechoslovak rockburst investigation project. More than 250 rockburst events were recorded here in the decade 1977–1983, and analyzed. The results of the statistical analysis of these data allow us to formulate and introduce a model of the rockburst source with an implosion component. The suitability of this conception was verified by laboratory simulation conditions; it was confirmed that the seismoactive displacements with a clear implosive component were recorded in the neighbourhood of a stress concentrator weakened by holes. The results of both the field observations and laboratory tests were in good agreement with the theoretically derived radiation patterns for a combined shear-implosive source and also with the theoretical conception of such a source based on real geometrical configurations of mine excavations and tectonic dislocations.The rockbursts treated exhibit a dominant shear component, the magnitude of the additional implosive component not exceeding 10 percent of the shear component. 相似文献
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基于地面-钻孔瞬变电磁法,将发射源布设于煤矿巷道中,而将接收探头放置在钻孔内,从上至下依次观测,形成矿井巷道-钻孔瞬变电磁法.为了研究巷道全空间条件下巷道-钻孔瞬变电磁场的响应特征,选取煤层底板受水害威胁的代表性地层为研究对象,建立煤层底板存在含水低阻地质异常体的三维数学模型,采用积分方程法进行数值模拟,结果表明：相对高阻的煤层侧帮对孔内垂向感应电动势的影响较小,而对孔内水平感应电动势除浅部约30 m内影响相对较大外,对深部影响较小.当煤层底板含水平低阻板状异常体时,在对异常体的纵向分辨率和异常响应的延续时间方面,孔内感应电动势的水平分量相对优于垂向分量,但垂向感应电动势的幅值强于水平感应电动势.因此,实际观测时,不仅要观测孔内感应电动势的垂向分量,也要观测水平分量. 相似文献
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煤矿冲击矿压实质是煤岩体能量积聚与释放的过程，它是一个动态的过程.因此冲击矿压的防治也应是一个动态的过程，其防治过程必须使得煤岩体中所积聚的弹性应变能达不到最小冲击能，从而防治冲击矿压的发生.电磁辐射能够反映煤岩体中所积聚的能量，卸压爆破可以释放能量.三河尖矿按此思路实施的冲击矿压动态防治技术，取得了良好的效果. 相似文献
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为了研究煤矿冲击地压与岩层在三维空间破裂之间的关系，进而探索依据岩层破裂规律预测和预报冲击地压的可能性，文中采用自行研制的防爆型微地震定位监测（MS）系统，基于定位原理，监测了山东华丰煤矿冲击地压煤层（四层煤）及其解放层（六层煤）开采过程中的岩层破裂过程和二次应力场分布变化的过程，得到了如下结论：冲击地压的发生与岩层破裂密切相关，四层煤下顺槽处于六层煤顶板破裂区的外边缘时，正处于高应力区内，在此处掘进容易引发冲击地压，必须将六层煤下顺槽位置向实体煤侧移动20 m以上，或将四层煤下顺槽位置内移20 m以上，才能消除四层煤的冲击地压；六层煤和四层煤开采时，工作面前方断层活化的距离分别为250 m和350 m左右，根据这一距离，及时对断层带进行卸压处理，可以消除由断层带引发的冲击地压；监测显示了工作面周围岩层的三维破裂形态和范围，为矿井确定防水煤柱的高度提供了可靠的依据；监测证明了厚层砾岩的破裂、断层活化、采场附近关键层的破裂是引起冲击地压的主要原因，证明了所研制的硬件和定位软件具有较高的精度和实用性，可以在煤矿和边坡、隧道等领域应用. 相似文献