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1.
近20多年来黄土高原的黄土磁学性质与古气候研究取得了重要进展, 极大地推动了东亚古季风演化、亚洲内陆干旱化及过去全球变化的研究, 但对亚洲内陆天山地区的黄土磁学性质知之甚少. 选择天山伊犁盆地黄土剖面进行了系统的磁性测量, 包括磁化率、无磁滞磁化率、高低温磁化率和磁滞参数等, 并与黄土高原进行了对比, 开展了伊犁黄土的X射线衍射矿物学分析, 初步探讨了伊犁黄土磁化率增强的机制. 结果表明, 伊犁黄土磁性矿物的总含量要远远低于黄土高原, 但磁性矿物类型与黄土高原黄土基本类似, 以磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿为主, 部分样品还有钛铁矿等. 在磁性矿物中磁赤铁矿占的比例总体上要比黄土高原黄土低, 而磁铁矿和赤铁矿占的比例比黄土高原黄土要高. 磁性矿物的粒度要比黄土高原粗, 以准单畴(PSD)和多畴(MD)为主. 成壤作用产生的细粒超顺磁体对磁化率的贡献非常有限, 粒径为PSD和MD的磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿为伊犁黄土磁化率的主要贡献者. 伊犁黄土磁化率增强既有风速论模式(阿拉斯加或西伯利亚黄土成土模式), 又有黄土高原超细颗粒成壤模式, 但以前一种模式为主导. 伊犁黄土磁化率增强除与源区的原生磁性矿物有关以外, 还与当地的地形气候环境和地质背景有关. 伊犁黄土磁化率增强的机制十分复杂, 将磁化率应用古气候的解释时要慎重. 相似文献
2.
黄土岩石磁学参数是古气候研究中的重要指标，其中磁化率应用最为广泛，并在黄土高原地区取得重大进展，其受控于成壤作用的变化机制也被普遍接受.然而在黄土高原外缘的新疆地区，磁化率的变化机制仍不明确，导致磁化率的古气候意义在该区存在较大争议.本文选取塔里木盆地南缘具有精确年代控制的典型黄土剖面（羊场剖面）开展岩石磁学和高分辨率磁化率研究，利用交叉小波分析方法并结合剖面粒度、矿物及元素特征对该地区磁化率变化机制进行初步探讨.结果显示，羊场剖面的岩石磁学性质主要由粗颗粒软磁性矿物所控制，同时也表现出一定的顺磁性特征.根据载磁矿物和磁化率变化特征可将剖面进一步划分为两个阶段：阶段Ⅰ（8.5~2.5 ka），载磁矿物以亚铁磁性的磁铁矿为主，磁化率值整体较高；阶段Ⅱ（2.5~0.2 ka），亚铁磁性矿物依然占据主导地位，但硬磁性矿物和以黄铁矿为代表的顺磁性矿物相对增多，磁化率值显著降低.相关性研究和交叉小波分析表明：阶段Ⅰ磁化率与粗颗粒组分的变化具有一致性，符合"风速论"模式；阶段Ⅱ磁化率不仅与粗颗粒组分具有明显的正相关关系，而且与指示成壤作用强度的频率磁化率百分含量呈现出显著的负相关关系，暗示了阶段Ⅱ的磁化率变化可能受到"风速论"和"还原性成壤"模式的共同影响.本文拓宽了对新疆地区黄土岩石磁学特征及其磁化率变化机制的深入理解，也为利用磁化率恢复新疆及中亚地区全新世以来的古气候变化历史提供了新的线索. 相似文献
3.
捷克黄土的磁学性质及古气候意义 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
对捷克Znojmo剖面末次间冰期以来黄土-古土壤序列进行了较为详细的岩石磁学和X射线衍射实验研究, 结果表明捷克黄土-古土壤磁化率变化与中国黄土高原风成沉积物具有相似的特征, 即土壤化作用使磁化率升高. 磁化率随温度的变化特征和等温剩磁测定以及X射线衍射实验揭示出Znojmo剖面黄土和古土壤的主要磁性矿物是磁铁矿, 并含有少量的磁赤铁矿、赤铁矿和黄铁矿或磁黄铁矿以及针铁矿. 磁化率各向异性研究表明, Znojmo剖面黄土和古土壤的磁线理小于磁面理, 这说明磁化率椭球体为压扁形, 最大轴的方向呈现随机分布特征, 不能指示大气传输尘埃沉积时的古风向. 相似文献
4.
风成黄土是陆地上分布最广泛的沉积物之一,记载了各种古气候演化信息.目前巴基斯坦的黄土研究甚少,磁化率与气候对应的变化机制研究尚未开展.本文对位于巴基斯坦印度河平原Bahawalpur地区新发现的黄土-古土壤剖面进行系统的岩石磁学研究,结合粒度和漫反射光谱(DRS)数据,讨论巴基斯坦黄土的磁化率变化机制.实验结果显示:Bahawalpur(BH)剖面黄土层主要的载磁矿物为磁铁矿,同时含有少量磁赤铁矿和针铁矿,磁性颗粒以原生的MD和PSD颗粒为主.相对于黄土层,古土壤层则是以针铁矿为主,含有顺磁性矿物和少量磁铁矿.BH剖面磁化率与成土作用关系和中国黄土高原典型剖面相反,磁化率的变化可能存在一个阈值12.8×10-8 m3·kg-1,在阈值之上,强磁性矿物(磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿)占主导;阈值之下,以弱磁性矿物(主要是针铁矿)为主,这种磁性矿物的转变可能导致磁化率降低.本文可为今后利用磁化率解读该地区地层蕴含的古气候信息提供新线索. 相似文献
5.
对杭州城区四个不同功能区块土壤进行了系统的环境磁学测定,结果表明城市土壤的磁化率平均值为128×10-8m3·kg-1,频率磁化率平均值3.6%(样品数=182),城市土壤呈现明显的磁性增强. 城市土壤的磁化率与频率磁化率呈极显著指数负相关,表明城市土壤磁性增强明显区别于自然成土过程引起的以超顺磁性(SP)颗粒为主的表土磁性增强机理. 统计分析表明,城市土壤磁化率与软剩磁和饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)呈显著直线正相关,说明亚铁磁性矿物是城市土壤剩余磁性的主要载体. 综合等温剩磁获得曲线、热磁曲线、磁滞回线等岩石磁学测定和SEM/EDX分析,城市土壤的磁性矿物以磁铁矿和赤铁矿为主,磁性矿物以假单畴-多畴（PSD-MD）颗粒存在,粒度明显大于成土过程形成的磁性颗粒,这些磁性颗粒主要来自燃料燃烧、汽车尾气等环境污染物. 因此,城市土壤磁测可作为城市土壤污染监测、污染空间分布和污染物来源判断的新手段. 相似文献
6.
7.
黄土沉积物的岩石磁学特征
与土壤化作用的关系 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：22
对黄土高原由北向南分布的靖边、宜川和段家坡3个采样点上,黄土-古土壤序列黄土层L8和古土壤层S8详细的岩石磁学实验表明1)从北到南,高场磁化率逐渐增高,反映了粘土矿物含量增加,土壤化作用加强的趋势;2)3个采样点黄土层的低场磁化率基本相同,而古土壤层S8的低场磁化率则表现为宜川高于靖边,而段家坡剖面磁化率低于宜川剖面磁化率的特征,表明低场磁化率值的大小与土壤化作用、古降雨量之间的关系是很复杂的;3)随着磁化率的升高,超顺磁性颗粒的含量明显增加,但磁性矿物含量的增加对磁化率增强的影响可能大于磁性矿物粒度变化的影响;4)3个剖面黄土层L8的磁化率-温度曲线形状基本相同,磁赤铁矿相对含量与土壤化作用成正相关.对古土壤层S8而言,段家坡剖面的温度磁化率曲线稍微不同于其他两个采样点,可能是由于磁性矿物粒度的差异造成的. 相似文献
8.
考古磁学技术为考古遗址的受热历史研究提供了重要的定性/定量分析方法.黑龙江省东北部的小南山是中国东北地区重要的史前遗址之一,该遗址记录的最早人类活动可以追溯到更新世末期.遗址揭露了距今约16 ka以来序列性的人类生活遗物及遗迹,包括大量的石制品和少量的陶片,以及与当时人类生活方式相关的疑似用火遗迹.本文对小南山遗址内疑似用火区及周边的散土样品进行了一系列岩石磁学测试,包括低频磁化率、逐步磁化率随温度变化曲线(X-T)、磁滞回线、等温剩磁获得曲线、反向场退磁曲线和一阶反转曲线(FORC)等,旨在通过磁学指标为遗址受热温度、受热范围等信息提供定量化证据.实验结果显示,采样区域内两处疑似用火区(ZB、ZC)磁化率普遍偏高、逐步X-T曲线在400～600℃之间表现出较好的热稳定性、饱和等温剩磁偏强、FORC信号偏强;而表层烧土被清理后的疑似用火区(ZA)和非疑似用火区磁化率普遍偏低、逐步X-T曲线显示样品在加热过程中逐渐发生热变化、饱和等温剩磁和FORC信号偏弱.这些磁学特征意味着ZB、ZC两处疑似用火区曾受过加热烘烤,而从ZA采集到的样品和疑似用火区外的样品则可能没有受热.逐步X-T曲线结果... 相似文献
9.
对甘肃西山坪遗址剖面样品进行磁化率、频率磁化率、热磁分析、非磁滞剩磁和等温剩磁等一系列岩石磁学实验测试,分析环境磁学参数特征变化,试图探讨西山坪遗址研究意义,为今后深入研究该沉积序列蕴含的古环境记录提供了岩石磁学基础.结果表明：西山坪遗址剖面沉积物中磁性矿物主要以低矫顽力的磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿为主,高矫顽力磁性矿物赤铁矿含量极其有限,越向剖面表层,强磁性矿物含量逐渐增加.磁性矿物颗粒表现出黄土的典型特征,以单畴、准单畴为主,含有一定量的超顺磁颗粒,颗粒度越向剖面表层越细.从物源上看,遗址沉积物主要来自近源的黄土风尘堆积,主要是风成堆积,并混合大量人类活动信息,给今后综合研究岩石磁学与人类活动特征的关系有一定借鉴意义. 相似文献
10.
长江口潮滩沉积物的磁学性质及其与粒度的关系 总被引：43，自引：0，他引：43
对长江口潮滩沉积物的环境磁学研究表明, 沉积物磁性特征由多畴/假单畴磁铁矿所主导. 磁铁矿除陆源碎屑成因外, 在磁性最强的石洞口排污口附近沉积物中出现了球形磁性颗粒, 系工业污染的产物. 粒度是影响长江口潮滩沉积物磁性特征的重要因素, 磁化率、饱和等温剩磁与8~16 mm粒级含量呈正相关, 而非磁滞剩磁磁化率等指示细颗粒亚铁磁性矿物的参数与<4 mm乃至<32 mm粒级组分高度正相关. 这一特征表明, 在将磁化率作为污染物含量代用指标时, 需考虑粒度造成的磁化率波动的可能影响, 非磁滞剩磁磁化率则可以作为沉积物细粒级组分的代用指标, 并应用于污染物含量的粒度校正. 相似文献
11.
新疆黄土-古土壤序列环境磁学参数的变化机理及其气候意义仍存在争议.本文选择天山北麓的中梁黄土剖面,系统开展了低温和常温下环境磁学参数的测试与研究,测量包括室温的磁化率与饱和磁化强度,以及磁化率与饱和剩余磁化强度的低温变化.结果发现,该剖面黄土和古土壤样品的磁性矿物主要由磁铁矿与磁赤铁矿组成,不含任何粒级成壤形成的超顺磁矿物颗粒,其磁化率信号主要记录了粉尘磁性矿物含量变化,较高的磁化率指示较强的风动力状况或者较近的风尘源区,新疆黄土的这种环境磁学"风尘输入模式"可用来重建干旱区的风动力强弱变化. 相似文献
12.
Two pedogenic models for paleoclimatic records of magnetic susceptibility from Chinese and Siberian loess 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The magnetic susceptibility (MS) of Chinese loess showing a general proportional relationship to pedogenic grade has been widely recognized and used for reconstruction of paleoclimate by Quaternary scientists. The in-situ pedogenic enhancement of ferrimagnetic content is normally believed to be the main reason for the increase of susceptibility in soil units. However, this pattern of high magnetic susceptibility in palaeosols, and low values in loess, are not replicated in some loess deposits. Siberian loess deposits display a completely opposite susceptibility behavior: high values in loess and low values in palaeosols. This inverse relationship has been explained by the idea that magnetic susceptibility is reflecting the magnitude of an aeolian ferrimagnetic component of consistent mineralogy, the grain size of which is related to average wind velocity. Our magnetic study of Siberian samples in this paper suggests that there are notable differences in magnetic properties between Siberian loess and developed palaeosols, not only in magnetic grain-size and concentration but also in magnetic mineralogy. This evidence is difficult to explain fully through variation in wind strength alone, but implies that the low magnetic susceptibility values in the Siberian paleosol units are a reflection, at least in part, of the alteration of the ferrimagnetic content by post-depositional processes. The Loess Plateau is a very arid area where potential evaporation is always higher than precipitation; pedogenesis occurs under dry oxidising conditions. The Siberian Kurtak region is located on the edge of the tundra where it is always wet and saturation during interglacials will lead to a reducing pedogenic environment. Ferrimagnetic minerals under this condition will be destroyed, resulting in lower magnetic susceptibility. Therefore, great care should be taken when using susceptibility values for paleoclimatic reconstruction. 相似文献
13.
边缘海-陆架区是研究海陆交互作用的理想区域，该区沉积物记录了海平面、气候与构造变化的重要信息.渤海作为我国的内海，前人对该区虽然进行了环境磁学方面的研究，但是受复杂的沉积环境影响，渤海沉积物的磁性变化机制十分复杂，因而需要对该区沉积物磁学性质及变化机制进行深入研究.针对这一问题，本文详细研究了渤海BH08孔岩芯沉积物的磁学性质，结果表明：①沉积物中主要载磁矿物是磁铁矿，部分层位含有高矫顽力的矿物；②岩芯整体磁学性质变化复杂，各项磁学参数变化剧烈，其总体波动与S/Cl值、沉积物红度a*和深海底栖有孔虫δ18O相关性较好；③在主要的海陆交替边界层位发现胶黄铁矿，表明是富硫的弱还原环境，而快速变化的沉积环境和较高的沉积速率是胶黄铁矿得以保存的重要因素，因而胶黄铁矿可作为沉积环境发生转变的一种特征矿物.这些新认识为深入开展渤海地区，乃至陆架-边缘海区古环境研究提供了新的思路和方法. 相似文献
14.
Xiuming Liu Zhisheng An Tim Rolph Xiaoke Qiang Paul Hesse Huayu Lu Jie Zhou Yanjun Cai 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(7):635-651
The study on magnetic properties of the red clay indicates that the red clay and loesspaleosol sequence have a common magnetic
mineralogy, with magnetite, maghemite, hematite (and possibly goethite) contributing to the magnetic behavior. The red clay
magnetic susceptibility is also found to have a positive relation with extrafine superparamagnetic grains. This suggests that,
like the Quaternary loess-paleosols, an ultrafine ferrimagnetic component produced during pedogenesis in the red clay under
humid conditions also plays an important role in susceptibility enhancement in the soil units. This is supported by the correlation
between Rb/Sr ratio and magnetic susceptibility. This signifies that, like the above loess-paleosol sequence, the magnetic
susceptibility of the red clay can be used as a general proxy paleoclimatic indicator, although whether its susceptibility
in the red clay is comparable to pedogenesis intensity and requires further investigation. Magnetic susceptibility variation
in the red clay thus also provides an eolian/pedogenic record of paleoclimatic evolution. Study of the background susceptibility
indicates that, on average, the absolute scale of the paleoclimatic shift from red clay development to Quaternary loess deposition
is similar to the climatic shift from stage 5 (S1) to stage 2–4 (L1). This may suggest that during the Quaternary there is
an evident strengthening of the absolute wind intensity to bring more (about double) coarser and less weathered (non-SP fraction)
eolian magnetic input from the source regions to the Loess Plateau than during the Pliocene. The presence of eolian red clay
since 7.5 Ma BP in central-northern China implies an important environmental change from the underlying Cretaceous red sandstone.
The red clay development was closely related to global drying and climate cooling since the Cretaceous and closely associated
with the abrupt uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau at about that time. This uplift of the plateau intensified the East Asia
monsoon system and started red clay deposition. 相似文献
15.
Liu Xiuming AN Zhisheng Tim Rolph QIANG Xiaoke Paul Hesse Lu Huayu ZHOU Jie CAI Yanjun 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(7)
The study on magnetic properties of the red clay indicates that the red clay and loess- paleosol sequence have a common magnetic mineralogy, with magnetite, maghemite, hematite (and possibly goethite) contributing to the magnetic behavior. The red clay magnetic susceptibility is also found to have a positive relation with extrafine superparamagnetic grains. This suggests that, like the Quaternary loess-paleosols, an ultrafine ferrimagnetic component produced during pe-dogenesis in the red clay under humid conditions also plays an important role in susceptibility enhancement in the soil units. This is supported by the correlation between Rb/Sr ratio and magnetic susceptibility. This signifies that, like the above loess-paleosol sequence, the magnetic susceptibility of the red clay can be used as a general proxy paleoclimatic indicator, although whether its susceptibility in the red clay is comparable to pedogenesis intensity and requires further investigation. Magnetic susceptibility variation in the red clay thus also provides an eo-lian/pedogenic record of paleoclimatic evolution. Study of the background susceptibility indicates that, on average, the absolute scale of the paleoclimatic shift from red clay development to Quaternary loess deposition is similar to the climatic shift from stage 5 (S1) to stage 2-4 (L1). This may suggest that during the Quaternary there is an evident strengthening of the absolute wind intensity to bring more (about double) coarser and less weathered (non-SP fraction) eolian magnetic input from the source regions to the Loess Plateau than during the Pliocene. The presence of eolian red clay since 7.5 Ma BP in central-northern China implies an important envi-ronmental change from the underlying Cretaceous red sandstone. The red clay development was closely related to global drying and climate cooling since the Cretaceous and closely associated with the abrupt uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau at about that time. This uplift of the plateau intensified the East Asia monsoon system and started red clay deposition. 相似文献
16.
对福建三明某钢铁厂和火电厂附近的污染表土样品进行了多参数的岩石磁学测试分析,包括χ T曲线、磁滞回线、等温剩磁获得曲线等. 三明地区污染表土中的磁性矿物有磁铁矿、赤铁矿和磁黄铁矿. 样品中磁性矿物的平均粒度较粗,为较大的准单畴,甚至多畴,粒度明显大于成土作用所产生的磁性颗粒. 粗粒的磁铁矿颗粒是污染物的主要磁性组分. 虽然磁化率测量可以作为一种简单、快速而且廉价的检测污染土壤的方法,但同时辅以必要的岩石磁学测量将有利于提取更多的污染信息. 对于低磁化率的污染土壤,亚铁磁性硫化物的存在可以作为土壤可能被污染的证据之一. 相似文献
17.
Expansion of a Plane Wave into Gaussian Beams 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Magnetic susceptibility measurements on topsoils have often been used during the last few years to detect anthropogenic pollution. In most cases, a Bartington susceptibility meter for field measurements was used. However, up to now, no standard procedure has been developed for carrying out such investigations. The purpose of our study was to test the compatibility of different set-ups of instruments used for this purpose and the possible influences of subjective (human) factors. Field magnetic susceptibility measurements, carried out with four different Bartington MS2D instruments in strictly defined positions, are very consistent both for low and high values. The correlation coefficient between the magnetic susceptibility values recorded with different Bartington MS2D probes reached 97–98%. A test area was mapped independently by two groups, without any restrictions concerning the choice and distribution of the measured points, but respecting a few standard conditions (e.g., measuring at a distance from tree trunks; on the flattest place possible; recording between 10–30 values per point). The resulting susceptibility maps show the same general features in both cases, suggesting that the measuring strategy applied is suitable for topsoil magnetic screening. The methodology proposed can be used to map magnetic susceptibility on a larger scale—for example Europe—providing large sets of representative data and eliminating border-transition biases and human errors. 相似文献