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断裂带气体地球化学特征与形变特征之间的相关关系是建立具有物理预报思路断层气流动观测网络布设的重要课题。选择有大量温泉出露点且形变较剧烈的西秦岭北缘断裂带为研究对象,对跨断层形变测量场地进行断层土壤气剖面重合布设及现场测量,重点研究断层气分段性特征与断层形变、地震活动性特征耦合关系,探讨利用多种方法开展断裂带强震危险性分析的可能性。结果表明:断裂带土壤气地球化学特征和断层水准形变特征的分布具有良好相关关系,二者对比结果同时显示出西秦岭北缘断裂带中东段——武山段断层活动性相对活跃,渭源—漳县段次之,天水段断层相对闭锁的特征;且武山和甘谷走滑拉分区因流体活动的影响以中小地震活动为主,天水段和漳县段西部及与武山段交汇的盘古川地区,流体活动较弱,应变速率较小,存在孕育强震的可能。 相似文献
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西秦岭北缘断裂带是青藏高原东北缘一条强烈活动的Ⅱ级块体边界断裂,曾发生过多次6.5级以上大震。规划中的西宁至成都铁路设计线路拟从甘家盆地一带穿行,西秦岭北缘断裂带西段的活动性及其端部终止位置,直接关系到铁路安全。基于甘家盆地一带的第四纪地质地貌与断裂活动性调查结果 ,对西秦岭北缘断裂带的西端活动性及其对铁路方案的影响进行了分析和讨论。结果显示:西秦岭北缘断裂带西段发散为两条主要活动断层,均有全新世地表弱活动迹象;断裂西端终止于甘家盆地东缘一带,铁路设计方案在甘家盆地一带未直接穿经西秦岭北缘断裂带,未来遭遇突发位错的可能性不大,但需要考虑该断裂可能产生的地震动影响。 相似文献
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《地震研究》2021,44(2)
对地震活动强烈地区进行水文地球化学监测可以很好地获取与地震相关的深部流体地球化学信息。通过研究龙门山断裂带及其周围13个温泉及观测井的水文地球化学特征,建立该断裂带温泉水文循环模型,揭示其水化学变化与地震活动的关系。结果表明:(1)龙门山断裂带温泉水主要来自其周围0.8～3.2 km高山的大气降水;(2)温泉水化学类型沿龙门山断裂从北到南、从西到东依次为重碳酸型、硫酸型、氯化物型,温泉水的循环深度、水岩反应程度及微量元素富集因子不断增加;(3)在汶川M_S8.0地震、芦山M_S7.0地震发生后,震中距200 km以内的温泉的离子组分呈下降趋势,这可能是在震后愈合过程中,龙门山断裂内部渗透性减弱、水岩反应程度衰减所致。 相似文献
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西秦岭北缘活断层带断层气的基本特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过对西秦岭北缘活断层带断层气活动基本特征的研究认为：本活断层带是本区地球排气的主要通道;在走滑断层拉分区,地球排放气体活动的强度与地震活动有密切的关系;本带东段断层排气活动比较强,西段断层排气活动比较北,并讨论了两形成差异的原因。 相似文献
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利用GIS方法研究南北地震带和中央造山带交汇区活动断裂与地震的关系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于地理信息系统(GIS)技术研究南北地震带和中央造山带交汇区断裂带分布与地震活动的关系,对区内16条主要断裂带,以25km为缓冲区宽度,进行叠加,分析各断裂带的地震活动性及其特征.结果表明,主要的发震断裂有西秦岭北缘断裂的西段、礼县-罗家堡断裂西南段以及临潭-宕昌断裂的东南段、文县断裂西南段、虎牙断裂和雪山断裂;虎牙断裂和雪山断裂地震活动性最强,其次是塔藏断裂、礼县-罗家堡断裂以及光盖山-迭山北麓断裂;按震源深度可将研究区划分为4个区域,区内的震源深度由北向南逐渐加大,震源深度剖面图反映了断层的几何形态和力学性质,进一步揭示出了青藏高原向东挤压、物质向东向南逃逸的运动模式. 相似文献
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During two expeditions in the Danakil depression (Ethiopia), water samples were collected from: (a) hot springs in Dallol, Salt Plain, in the north of the depression; (b) cold and hot springs around Lake Giulietti; and c) Lake Giulietti.The isotopic results indicate: the water from Dallol hot springs is enriched in18O by isotopic exchange with the rocks as has been observed in many other geothermal areas of the world; b) the isotopic composition of the Lake Giulietti water changes with depth, probably as a consequence of a seasonal stratification; c) the springs in the Lake Giulietti region contain waters which result from the mixing of local meteoric water with a brine, or with lake waters. 相似文献
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利用水文地球化学数据建立温泉水文循环模型, 探讨温泉水文地球化学变化与地震的关系, 对中强地震短临流体异常判断具有重要的意义。 通过对石棉公益海温泉水常量元素、 微量元素和氢氧同位素以及锶同位素的测量, 探讨了该区域水文地球化学时空变化特征。 因此, 于2008年10月至2019年9月, 共对公益海温泉采集水样206个, 并对温泉水中离子组分和浓度, 温泉逸出气组分、 温泉气体同位素、 碳同位素和氢氧同位素含量进行测量。 分析结果表明: ① 公益海温泉主要为Na-HCO3·Cl型水, δD、 δ18O同位素测值分别为-14.19‰~-14.83‰和-108.67‰~-110.47‰, 分布于大气降水线附近, 说明温泉水主要源于大气降水; ② 据SiO2地温计计算热储温度约94.12℃, 循环深度约4.3 km, 表明大气降水入渗地下, 在热源加热后, 沿着断层和裂隙循环到地表, 形成温泉补给; 并且, 锶同位素和微量元素研究发现, 87Sr和86Sr主要来自硅酸盐类矿物, 微量元素含量较低, 水岩反应程度较弱; ③ 通过对研究区进行长时间连续观测发现, 在公益海周围300 km范围内的3个五级以上的地震使温泉水中常量元素的浓度, 分别出现了震前异常、 同震响应和震后效应。 推测这可能是因为公益海温泉位于公益海断裂和安宁河断裂的交会区, 推测周围的地震会触发公益海温泉水中的离子地球化学特征产生变化。 结合已有地质资料与公益海温泉水文地球化学数据, 建立公益海断裂带温泉水文循环模型, 这些对公益海断裂带周围未来中强地震短临流体异常判断具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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本文论述了滇西实验场区五条主要活动断裂的地球化学特征,分析了活动断裂的地球化学特征与断裂的活动方式、活动强度和切割深度等构造因素之间的内在联系。提出洱源盆地西北部地壳内约5.4—6.2公里深度范围内发育有较大规模的热动力变质带,洱源地区高温温泉群的形成与这一变质带有关,其流体地球化学组分和同位素组成都具有热动力变质特征。红河断裂(北段)沿线温泉中含有较多的幔源挥发性组分,是典型的深循环增温型温泉 相似文献
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Ground water can facilitate earthquake development and respond physically and chemically to tectonism. Thus, an understanding of ground water circulation in seismically active regions is important for earthquake prediction. To investigate the roles of ground water in the development and prediction of earthquakes, geological and hydrogeological monitoring was conducted in a seismogenic area in the Yanhuai Basin, China. This study used isotopic and hydrogeochemical methods to characterize ground water samples from six hot springs and two cold springs. The hydrochemical data and associated geological and geophysical data were used to identify possible relations between ground water circulation and seismically active structural features. The data for delta18O, deltaD, tritium, and 14C indicate ground water from hot springs is of meteoric origin with subsurface residence times of 50 to 30,320 years. The reservoir temperature and circulation depths of the hot ground water are 57 degrees C to 160 degrees C and 1600 to 5000 m, respectively, as estimated by quartz and chalcedony geothermometers and the geothermal gradient. Various possible origins of noble gases dissolved in the ground water also were evaluated, indicating mantle and deep crust sources consistent with tectonically active segments. A hard intercalated stratum, where small to moderate earthquakes frequently originate, is present between a deep (10 to 20 km), high-electrical conductivity layer and the zone of active ground water circulation. The ground water anomalies are closely related to the structural peculiarity of each monitoring point. These results could have implications for ground water and seismic studies in other seismogenic areas. 相似文献
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D. C. McDonald 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1966,29(1):691-707
The ratios of D/H and O18/O16 in natural waters from streams, boreholes, soda springs, hot pools, ponds and larger bodies of water in the Ngawha hydrothermal area were determined. The results are considered in relation to the isotopic changes known to occur in water subjected to evaporation. Where applicable chemical and other work was also considered. It is assumed that stream water isotope composition is the mean value for the isotopic composition of meteoric waters. Measurements on waters taken from boreholes drilled to 65 feet and 350 feet and from the other water sources mentioned, indicate that they were of meteoric origin as judged by stream isotope composition. The waters from the soda springs appeared to be isotopically the same as the stream water, a finding consistent with the absence of evaporative surface. These borehole waters were similar but slightly different in O18 due probably to exchange between rock and water. Heavy isotope enrichment of the ponds and larger bodies of water appeared to be due to non-equilibrium evaporation at ambient temperature. The hot pools in the Ngawha springs area proper were enriched in the heavier isotopes probably due to non-equilibrium evaporation at the usual hot pool temperature of about 40°C and also to exchange of O18 between water and rock. The water from a further borehole drilled to approximately 2,000 feet appeared also to be of meteoric origin but was changed in O18 content to an extent consistent with the assumption that oxygen isotope exchange with rock had taken place at approximately 230°C. The results are used to illustrate possibilities for the use of oxygen and hydrogen isotope measurements in hydrothermal investigations. 相似文献
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利用SiO_2地热温标计算了红河断裂带北段14个温泉水的热储温度,并结合当地地温梯度计算了温泉水的循环深度,同时统计分析了886～1987年间的地震频度和震源深度。作者从水对断裂及其围岩的弱化的角度讨论了温泉水深循环对断裂强度、断裂摩擦力和地震活动性的影响。结果表明,各亚段地震活动性差异与水对各亚段的弱化程度有关。认为温泉水循环深度最深的洱源亚段相当于“滑移区”,而温泉水循环深度较浅的剑川亚段和弥渡亚段及温泉稀少的大理亚段则相当于“闭锁区”,强震将孕育于温泉水循环深度较深的地区的两端 相似文献
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The Hakata hot springs area is located in Fukuoka City, which is in the southwestern part of Japan. Gamma-ray and gravity surveys were conducted to understand the relationship between the low-temperature hydrothermal systems and geophysical data of the area. The depth of the reservoir basement, which was derived from gravity data, gradually deepens toward the east; it includes some steep depth gradients in the Hakata hot springs area. High intensities of gamma-rays were detected around these gradients. In addition, higher hot spring temperatures and flow rates can be observed in this area. These results indicate that some part of the level of the basement where the hot springs are concentrated is a part of the Kego Fault and is similar to the fracture zone created by past activities of the fault. Moreover, these steep depth gradients act as a path for hot spring water from the deeper side of the granitic body to the surface. 相似文献
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2020年6月26日新疆于田县发生MS6.4地震, 地震发生前后对震中80 km内的两个温泉在2019年9月至2020年10月的水文地球化学的变化特征进行了研究, 结果表明: ①温泉水的来源为其周围昆仑山的冰川融水, ②克孜勒沙衣温泉补给高程6 km, 水化学类型为Na-HCO3、 部分平衡水、 温泉循环深度达到1.7 km左右, 其主要气体组分为N2, 幔源氦占10.6%。 ③乌什开布隆温泉补给高程为3.1 km, Ca·Na-HCO3·SO4型, 未成熟水, 可能与浅层冷水发生了混合作用, 循环深度仅达到0.5 km, 该温泉的水化学组分对周围的地震活动有明显的异常响应, 伽师MS6.4地震前, 区域应力的不断加载使断裂带内裂隙发生明显变化, 从而温泉流体行为发生变化, 使乌什开布隆温泉的离子浓度小幅度上升, 且Cl-含量在于田MS6.4地震后16天突增。 因此, 对乌什开布隆温泉及克孜勒沙衣温泉的流体地球化学特征进行连续监测, 可以为未来阿尔金断裂及西昆仑断裂的交会区地震危险性提供有效判断指标。 相似文献
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林元武 《地震学报(英文版)》1994,(2)
Ｆａｕｌｔ－ｗｅａｋｅｎｉｎｇ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｏｆ ｒｅｓｅｒｖｏｉｒ ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ ｏｆ ｈｏｔ ｓｐｒｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｉｔｓ ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ ｏｎ ｓｅｉｓｍｉｃ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ（林元武）Ｆａｕｌｔ－ｗｅａｋｅｎｉｎｇｅｆｆｅ... 相似文献