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1.
Myrl E. Beck Steven D. Sheriff Jimmy F. Diehl Ernest A. Hailwood Peter W. Lipman 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1977,37(1):124-130
Combining paleomagnetic data for 17 new sites from the northwest portion of the (Oligocene) San Juan volcanic field of southern Colorado with data for 29 sites previously published yields a paleomagnetic pole at 85°N, 114°E (with a 95% confidence circle of 7.5° radius). A further combination of the San Juan data with the results of other studies on rocks of Oligocene age from tectonically stable parts of North America gives a mid-Tertiary reference pole located at 81°N, 132.5°E, with a confidence circle of approximately 4°. Mid-Tertiary paleomagnetic poles for the western edge of the continent diverge markedly from this reference pole. 相似文献
2.
The response of the electric and magnetic field variations over the San Juan Bay region of Vancouver Island is studied using a scaled laboratory analogue model. The laboratory frequencies simulate periods of 10 and 100 s in the geophysical problem. The model results indicate that, for both E- and H-polarization of the source field, induced current in the ocean is deflected around Cape Flattery and channelled into the Juan de Fuca Strait. With increasing period, the proportion of current channelled into the Strait decreases sharply. Induced current in the strait is also funnelled into San Juan Bay, a finger-shaped bay ca. 4 km wide and 7.5 km long, for both polarizations of the source field. The effect of the Bay on the field response is confined to the local region, within approximately 6 km of the centre of the Bay. Good agreement between field station and analogue model Hz results was obtained for the San Juan Bay. The behaviour of the Parkinson arrow for these two stations is examined with the aid of the analogue model results. 相似文献
3.
Three major cycles of volcanism during the Miocene and Pliocene formed a layered succession of calc-alkaline eruptive materials in the western San Juan Mountains nearly 1.5 miles thick and having a volume greater than 1,000 cubic miles. Each cycle was characterised by major eruptions followed by subsidence in the vent areas, and the resulting structure was a great volcanic plateau surrounding a complex of nested cauldrons. In the first cycle, cruption of several hundred cubic miles of tuff breccia and subordinate lavas was followed by subsidence that created the San Juan volcanic depression, about 15 miles wide and 30 miles long. During the second cycle, pyroclastic rocks and lava flows accumulated within this depression and on its borders, and the depression subsided further. During the third cycle, ash flows spead widely from centres within the depression, and their eruption resulted in formation and subsidence of the nearly circular comagmatic Silverton and Lake City cauldrons, each about 10 miles across, within the earlier depression. Cauldron subsidence in the second and third cycles was followed by resurgence and doming of the central blocks. Keystone grabens formed along the distended crests of the domed floors; graben faults formed in the third cycle were in part controlled by those formed in the second cycle. The distribution of post-cauldron radial and concentric fractures, dikes, and intrusive plutons, particularly around the Silverton cauldron, suggests that the underlying magma chamber must have been appreciably larger than the associated cauldrons. 相似文献
4.
南海北部深水区是中国重要的油气潜力区.本文在前人对其现今地温场和正演热史研究的基础上,利用磷灰石(U-Th)/He和镜质体反射率(Ro)数据对根据拉张盆地模型正演获得的热历史进行了进一步约束,并在此基础上对南海北部深水区的烃源岩热演化进行了研究.研究结果表明基于盆地构造演化模型的正演热历史可以作为烃源岩热演化计算的热史基础,而盆地内主力烃源岩热演化计算结果显示:南海北部深水区存在4个生烃中心,即珠江口盆地的白云凹陷和琼东南盆地的乐东凹陷、陵水凹陷和松南凹陷,生烃中心烃源岩有机质现今处于过成熟状态,以生气为主;受盆地基底热流显著升高的影响,32~23.3 Ma时段为南海北部深水区烃源岩快速成熟阶段,琼东南盆地烃源岩有机质现今(2.48 Ma后)还存在一期加速成熟过程,而珠江口盆地则不存在此期快速成熟过程. 相似文献
5.
岩石圈热结构是盆地现今地温场研究的重要延伸和扩展,是了解大陆岩石圈构造变形及演化等大陆动力学问题的重要窗口,更是地热田热源机理研究的核心问题.本次工作,在系统分析渭河盆地现今地温场和水动力系统基础上,编制了渭河盆地大地热流分布等值线图;通过实测生热率等热物性参数,利用一维稳态热传导方程计算了研究区岩石圈热结构,并分析了渭河盆地岩石圈热结构特征和地热田热源机理.结果表明,渭河盆地现今大地热流值分布范围为62.5~80.2mW·m-2,平均为70.8±4.8mW·m-2,西部明显高于东部,西安坳陷最高,咸礼凸起次之;渭河断裂并不是控热断裂,其沟通作用引起的水热循环一定程度上影响了浅部热量再分配,对渭河盆地地温场并没有起到明显的控制作用.西安坳陷—咸礼凸起地壳热流介于32.2~37.5mW·m-2之间,平均为34.6mW·m-2;地幔热流分布范围为33.8~38.9mW·m-2,平均为36.0mW·m-2;地壳热流和地幔热流的总体变化趋势一致,西安坳陷高于咸礼凸起,分析认为西安坳陷沉积层厚度大于后者,且沉积层放射性生热率更大,是造成西安坳陷地壳热流高于咸礼凸起的原因,而西安坳陷相比咸礼凸起更高的地幔热流,表明西安坳陷深部活动性强于咸礼凸起.西安坳陷和咸礼凸起地壳/地幔热流比值相近,介于0.93~1.01之间,平均为0.96,"热"岩石圈厚度约为95~101km.渭河盆地岩石圈热结构特征与鄂尔多斯盆地在很大程度上具有相似性,暗示着二者具备相似的深部稳定性,这与渤海湾盆地为代表的中国东部中—新生代主动裂谷盆地岩石圈热结构特征截然不同,表明渭河盆地为被动伸展裂陷.从鄂尔多斯盆地、渭河盆地、山西裂谷到华北盆地,"热"岩石圈厚度的有序变化表明太平洋板块俯冲引起的地幔对流对华北地块深部动力学行为的影响主要发生在太行山以东,而太行山以西的鄂尔多斯盆地和渭河盆地则影响甚微,这种空间差异影响从侧面暗示着华北克拉通破坏过程的有序性.综合分析渭河盆地地质—地球物理资料认为,岩石圈表层伸展破裂、深部重力均衡调整进而引起软流圈被动上涌,其产生的相对高地幔热流的热传导和深大断裂沟通的水体热对流相互叠加作用,共同构成了渭河盆地中—低温地热田的热源机理. 相似文献
6.
本文报道了莺歌海盆地、北部湾盆地共148个新测热导率数据,根据收集的钻井温度数据新增计算65个大地热流数据;结合前人研究成果绘制了南海北部大陆边缘沉积盆地的地温梯度图、大地热流分布图;系统归纳了南海北部大陆边缘油气勘探成果.结果表明,南海北部大陆边缘珠江口盆地、琼东南盆地、北部湾盆地、莺歌海盆地的平均热流值分别为68.7±11 mW/m2、71.1±13 mW/m2、65.7±8.9 mW/m2、74.7±10 mW/m2,属于典型的“热盆”.热流区域分布特征总体上受大地构造背景控制,随地壳厚度从北向南,由陆架到陆坡区逐渐减薄而增高,水热活动与岩浆活动等是引起局部高热流异常的原因.盆地地温场的差异控制和约束了油气分布富集规律,从研究区油气勘探成果中可以发现,该区域的气田多发育于高热流盆地（凹陷）,而中-低热流盆地（凹陷）则多孕育油田,油气田具有“北油南气”的分布特征. 相似文献
7.
A seafloor lava field was mapped within the summit caldera of Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge, using SeaMARC I sidescan sonor and submersible observations. By analogy with similar subaerial features, we infer that several volcanic seafloor features here formed by the process of lava flow inflation. Flow inflation occurs within tube-fed lava flows when lava continues to be supplied to the interior of a flow that has ceased advancing, thus uplifting the flow's rigid surface and creating a suite of characteristic surface structures. Inflated lavas require a feeder lava tube or tube system connected to a remote lava source, and therefore we infer that inflated submarine lava flows contain lava tubes. Inflated flow features identified from sidescan sonar images elsewhere on Axial Volcano and within the axial valley of the southern Juan de Fuca ridge suggest that flow inflation is a widespread submarine volcanic process. 相似文献
8.
江汉盆地是我国前新生代海相油气勘探的重要领域之一，为研究海相烃源岩的热演化史提供地热学参数，以镜质体反射率(Ro)为古温标进行热史反演，获得了盆地的热流史.印支运动以前，盆地基底热流为50～55mW/m2；晚印支－早燕山期，热流整体升高；不同构造单元达到最高古热流的时间不同，潜北断裂以北，157Ma左右达到最高古热流（～72 mW/m2），潜北断裂以南，43 Ma左右达到最高古热流（71～76 mW/m2）；晚喜山期，热流迅速降低，盆地快速冷却.盆地热流史和沉积构造演化、岩浆活动热事件的耦合关系表现为:印支运动以前，海相盆地稳定建造阶段为统一的低热流背景，岩浆活动微弱；晚印支－早燕山期，构造活动性增强产生深部热搅动，热流整体升高；中燕山期挤压改造变形阶段热流值的高低受控于岩浆活动热事件的分区表现，盆地基底热流表现为北降南升；晚燕山－早喜山期，陆相伸展盆地建造与叠加改造阶段，岩浆活动热事件的区域特征决定热背景分区；晚喜山期，盆地萎缩，为热流值降低的冷却过程. 相似文献
9.
A comprehensive study on geothermal history of the Turpan-Hami Basin by vitrinite reflectance, fluid inclusion geothermometry,
apatite fission track and40Ar-39Ar dating displays that the main effects influencing geotemperature distribution are burial depth of the basement, heat flow,
magmatic activities, as well as tectonic movement, having a rugulation to be higher in the east and north, lower in the west
and south, as well as higher in the past and lower at the present. The heat of the mantle source and the Indo-China tectonic
thermal event have extremely influenced maturation of source rocks of the upper Lower Permian and the Middle and Upper Triassic
in the lndo-China epoch. While, the geothermal gradient and the weak tectonic geothermal event of the Early Yanshan Movement
provided necessary heat for the maturation of source rock in coal-bearing strata of the Middle and Lower Jurassic. 相似文献
10.
Linzy K. Foster Jeremy T. White Andrew T. Leaf Natalie A. Houston Aarin Teague 《Ground water》2021,59(4):581-596
A numerical surface-water/groundwater model was developed for the lower San Antonio River Basin to evaluate the responses of low base flows and groundwater levels within the basin under conditions of reduced recharge and increased groundwater withdrawals. Batch data assimilation through history matching used a simulation of historical conditions (2006-2013); this process included history-matching to groundwater levels and base-flow estimates at several gages, and was completed in a high-dimensional (highly parameterized) framework. The model was developed in an uncertainty framework such that parameters, observations, and scenarios of interest are envisioned stochastically as distributions of potential values. Results indicate that groundwater contributions to surface water during periods of low flow may be reduced from 6% to 25% with a corresponding 25% reduction in recharge and a 25% increase in groundwater pumping over an 8-year planning period. Furthermore, results indicate groundwater-level reductions in some hydrostratigraphic units are more likely than in other hydrostratigraphic units over an 8-year period under drought conditions with the higher groundwater withdrawal scenario. 相似文献
11.
沉积盆地岩石圈热结构特征是岩石圈构造-热演化过程的综合反映和盆地热史恢复的约束条件,对盆地动力学研究和油气资源评价具有重要意义.由于海洋勘探难度大、勘探程度低,相对于大陆地区,边缘海盆地比较缺乏岩石圈热结构方面的研究.本文在收集整理珠江口盆地及邻区大地热流数据的基础上,补充收录了自2003年以来发表的新数据,绘制了研究区最新版的大地热流等值线图;基于中美合作双船地震剖面揭示的深部地壳结构计算了研究区的壳-幔热流、深部温度以及"热"岩石圈厚度.研究表明,珠江口盆地地壳热流介于18.7~28.6 mW·m-2,地幔热流介于36.9~91.4 mW·m-2,壳幔热流比值0.23~0.75;由陆架、陆坡至中央海盆,在地壳热流逐渐减小的情况下地表热流逐渐递增,说明地表热流分布主要受深部热作用控制;盆地"热"岩石圈厚度介于34.0~87.2 km,平均65.5 km,反映出显著拉张减薄的特征. 相似文献
12.
Arthur H. Lachenbruch 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(1-2):34-50
In regions of tectonic extension, vertical convective transport of heat in the lithosphere is inevitable. The resulting departure of lithosphere temperature and thickness from conduction-model estimates depends upon the mechanical mode of extension and upon how rapidly extension is (and has been) taking place. Present knowledge of these processes is insufficient to provide adequate constraints on thermal models. The high and variable regional heat flow and the intense local heat discharge at volcanic centers in the Basin and Range province of the United States could be accounted for by regional and local variations in extensional strain rate without invoking anomalous conductive heat flow from the asthenosphere. Anomalous surface heat flow typical of the province could be generated by distributed extension at average rates of about 1/2 to 1%/m.y., similar to rates estimated from structural evidence. To account for higher heat flow in subregions like the Battle mountain High, these rates would be increased by a factor of about 3, and locally at active bimodal volcanic centers, by an order of magnitude more. 相似文献
13.
George C. Manos 《地震工程与结构动力学》1991,20(12):1099-1114
This paper details the damage sustained by a number of wine tanks during the San Juan, Argentina, 1977 earthquake. The available ground motion information is used to compare the actual tank performance with that predicted. Two of the tanks examined were located quite near the two accelerographs that recorded the ground motion in the city of San Juan for the main shock. An empirical attenuation formula which describes the intensity of the shaking was derived for this earthquake and used in a quantitative evaluation of the performance of a number of other tanks. By correlating and comparing the observed performance of the anchors and what was predicted we see the predictions are upheld by the actual damage. When the anchoring system failed during the earthquake the tanks were rendered effectively unanchored. Consequently, the state of stress that results from their base uplift was then examined in conjunction with the tank wall stability approach proposed by the author, and seen to give results consistent with the observed tank wall performance. 相似文献
14.
Stephen R. Hammond 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1997,58(8):617-627
Forty-three volcanoes located along the flanks of the Juan de Fuca Ridge were selected to study relationships between their
morphologies and off-axis magmatic processes. The volcanoes occur both in chains consisting of up to seven distinct cones
and isolated edifices. Nearly all of the volcanoes are circular, truncated cones with steep flanks and large, relatively flat
summit plateaus. In addition, most of these volcanoes also have prominent and distinctly offset calderas or craters. The most
striking characteristic of the volcanoes' morphology is that nearly all of their collapse structures are located on the sides
of the volcanoes which face the Juan de Fuca Ridge and many are breached with openings toward the ridge. A simple model based
on these observations accounts for these ridge-facing features. As plate motion transports a volcano away from its magma source
beneath the lithosphere, the volcano's magma supply conduits tend to lag behind. Eventually these conduits are abandoned and
ridgeward collapse structures are formed. It can be inferred from the model that, on average, individual volcanoes were active
for approximately 50 000 years and that most eruptions took place early in this interval. If most of the cone-building eruptions
occurred during the first thousand years or so, associated hydrothermal activity may have temporarily rivaled the present-day
yearly time-averaged hydrothermal output along the entire Juan de Fuca ridge axis.
Received: 1 September 1996 / Accepted: 13 January 1997 相似文献
15.
基于二维稳态热传导方程,利用有限元数值模拟方法,选取东西向横穿鄂尔多斯盆地地质与地球物理解释大剖面进行了深部温度场数值模拟研究,得到了华北克拉通西部的鄂尔多斯盆地下伏岩石圈热结构特征.地幔热流变化范围:21.2~24.5mW·m-2,体现为东高西低特征.壳幔热流比(Qc/Qm)介于1.51~1.84之间,为"热壳冷幔".与华北东部地幔热流对比表明,西部的鄂尔多斯盆地相对处于稳定的深部动力学环境.在岩石圈热结构研究基础上,对克拉通地震岩石圈与热岩石圈厚度差异进行了对比,研究表明:鄂尔多斯盆地西部地震岩石圈与热岩石圈厚度差异约达140km,而东部的汾渭地堑,渤海湾盆地二者差异逐渐减小.华北克拉通自西向东,地震岩石圈厚度与热岩石圈厚度差异不断减小,意味着华北克拉通岩石圈下部的软流圈地幔黏性系数自西向东逐渐降低,本文从地热学角度可能印证了太平洋俯冲脱水作用对华北克拉通的影响. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2005,139(3-4):185-210
Four closely spaced volcanoes (Summer Coon; Twin Mountains; Del Norte; Carnero Creek) form the east-central cluster of Conejos volcanic centers. These Conejos rocks range from high-K basaltic andesite to rhyolite, with andesite volumetrically the most abundant. Summer Coon and Twin Mountains are composite volcanoes. The Del Norte and Carnero Creek volcanoes are deeply eroded dacite shields. Rhyolite (10% of our Conejos analyses but a much smaller percentage by volume) is only known from Summer Coon and Twin Mountains volcanoes, although high-SiO2 dacite occurs in the Del Norte volcano. The younger Hinsdale Formation contains a related series ranging from transitional basalt to high-K andesite; we use Hinsdale Formation analyses to represent Conejos parental magmas.Conejos and Hinsdale magmas evolved through AFC processes: Basalt, after interacting with lower crust, assimilated low K/Rb crust, similar in some ways to Taylor and McLennan (Taylor, S.R., and McLennan, S.M., 1985, The continental crust: its composition and evolution. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific.) model upper crust; main series basaltic andesite fractionated to high-K andesite; rhyolite was produced by melting of high K/Ba upper crustal rocks similar to granite gneiss known from inclusions and basement outcrops. Some rhyolite may have been back-mixed into fractionating andesite and dacite. Field evidence for assimilation includes sanidinite-facies, partially melted, gneiss blocks up to 1 m in diameter. Temperature estimates (1100–900 ° C) from two-pyroxene equilibria are consistent with this interpretation, as are the sparsely porphyritic nature of the most-evolved rhyolites and the absence of phenocrystic alkali feldspar.Our study supports the conclusions of previous workers on AFC processes in similar, but generally more mafic, Conejos magmas of the southeastern San Juan Mountains. Our results, however, emphasize the importance of crustal melting in the generation of Conejos rhyolite. We further speculate that Conejos magmatism, and the San Juan Volcanic Field (SJVF) in general, may represent an early phase of Rio Grande rift magmatism, the orogenic geochemical signature of the series having been generated through multi-level and extensive assimilation of varied Precambrian orogenic and anorogenic rocks. 相似文献
17.
Geochronology and petrogenesis of granitic rocks in Gangdese batholith,southern Tibet 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
Based on petrological and geochemical characteristics such as rock assemblage, petrogeochemistry, Sr-Nd isotope, zircon U-Pb age, and Hf isotope, we studied geochronological framework, magma types, source characters, and petrogenesis of different stages of magmatism of the granitic rocks from the Gangdese batholith in southern Tibet. The magmatic activities of the Gangdese batholith can be divided into three stages. The Mesozoic magmatism, induced by northern subduction of Neotethyan slab, was continuously ... 相似文献
18.
Detrital microcline grains from sedimentary strata preserve a record of thermal evolution in the temperature range ～ 100° to 200°C which can be revealed by40Ar/39Ar age spectrum analysis. Microcline separates from deep drill hole intersections with Eocene to Miocene sediments in the Basin and Tejon Blocks of the southern San Joaquin Valley, California, analysed by the age spectrum approach show radiogenic40Ar (40Ar*) gradients that record both the slow cooling of the uplifting sediment source ～ 65 Ma ago, and a recent thermal event. This information, in conjunction with the observation of fission track annealing in the coexisting apatites, allows estimation of the temperature-time conditions of this thermal event at about 140°C for ～ 200 ka. Present and paleotemperature data is in accord with heating related to several kilometers of Pleistocene sediment deposition. Heat flow calculations suggest that this recent subsidence has depressed the thermal gradient from about 30°C km?1 to the present apparent gradient of 24°C km?1.40Ar/39Ar analysis of detrital microcline crystals yields thermochronological information in the temperature-time range of petroleum maturation and provides this technique with potential as both a useful exploration tool and as a means of probing the fundamental geodynamic processes of basin evolution. 相似文献
19.
Tectonic thermal history and its significance on the formation of oil and gas accumulation and mineral deposit in Ordos Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The analyzing data on stratigraphic temperature measurement, thermal conductivity of the strata and radioactive heat production rate show that the present average geothermal gradient in the Ordos Basin is 2.93 °C/100 m, and the average heat flow value is 61.78 mW/m2, which belongs to the mesothermal basin, and the value of the present geothermal gradient and heat flow in the east is higher than that in the west. The sandstone radioactive heat production rate of Zhiluo Group in Dongsheng Uranium deposits of Yimeng uplift is obviously higher in the mudstone, indicating that there exists a uranium anomaly. Based on studies of the present thermal field of the basin, the late-Mesozoic paleotemperature and paleogeothermal gradient are determined by using different kinds of paleotemperature methods. According to the anomaly of the late-Mesozoic paleotemperature gradient and magmatic event age, there was a tectonic thermal event in the early Cretaceous epoch of late-Mesozoic. This article rebuilds tectonic thermal history of different tectonic units by thermal history simulation using basin simulating software. The evolution of oil-gas and coal, and accumulation (mineralization) of mineral uranium are all controlled by the tectonic thermal history in the Ordos basin, especially by the tectonic thermal event that happened in the late Mesozoic. For both the gas source rocks of upper Paleozoic group and lower paleozoic group, the gas was largely generated in the early Cretaceous epoch of the late Mesozoic. The main petroleum generation period for Yanchang Group in Triassic system is the early Cretaceous epoch too, and the highest thermal maturity of the coal of Permo-Carboniferous, Triassic, and Jurassic reaches is the early Cretaceous epoch also. Early Cretaceous epoch is still one of the most important mineralizing periods of uranium. 相似文献
20.
We estimated the effects of hydrogeological and surface temperature warming on subsurface thermal regime from the temperature-depth profiles and hydrological data of groundwater quality both in the quaternary and tertiary systems in the Sendai Plain as a preliminary step toward reconstruction of climate changes.Annual mean air temperature in the plain has increased about 1.5 °C in the last 70 years and this surface warming resulted in low or negative thermal gradient. However, anomaly of thermal gradient was recognized in not all temperature-depth profiles. Groundwater chemical compositions and stable isotope data (δD and δ18O) show that the groundwater flow system has marked difference between those of tertiary and quaternary systems. Calculated results of three dimensional groundwater flow and heat transport model ensure the above hypothesis and shows that thermal gradient changes at close to basement of the quaternary system. The differences in groundwater flow systems are expressed as subsurface thermal gradient anomalies in the temperature-depth profiles in the Sendai Plain. Furthermore, one-dimensional numerical analyze including the effect of surface warming indicates that calculated profile has departure from steady state line at depths in 60-80 m agree well with observed one. 相似文献