共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
以祁连山为研究区,以上限震级７．５和８．０的潜源为特征地震段,利用滑动速率法分别计算上述每个潜源中７．０～７．４级,７．５～７．９级地震的复发间隔。特征地震选用ＮＢ模型条件概率和ＮＢ累积概率模型,中强震采用中国地震区划图（１９９０）的分档泊松模型,组成混合地震模型,用中国西部椭圆地震衰减公式,计算了未来５０ａ,超越概率为１０％的地震烈度。计算结果认为累积概率模型当地震离逝时间长而潜源面积小时影响大,面积大的潜源应进一步考虑潜源的稀释问题 相似文献
2.
地震巨灾保险是降低地震灾害风险的有效手段之一,而地震危险性分析是地震巨灾模型的主要分析模块之一。传统的概率地震危险性分析主要是基于潜在震源模型、地震活动性模型和地震动衰减模型等并采用概率方法得到场点的地震危险性值,该危险性表示的是未来所有地震对场点的综合影响。然而,在使用地震巨灾模型进行地震风险分析时需要用到单个地震事件对场点的影响,这就需要根据潜在震源区生成一系列单个地震事件,并计算每个事件对场点的影响。本研究采用蒙特卡洛方法,基于第五代中国地震动参数区划图中所采用的地震活动性模型(潜在震源区及其地震活动性参数),模拟符合我国地震活动时间、空间和强度分布特征的地震事件集。模拟时遵从的基本理论为:地震发生在时间上符合泊松分布,震级分布可用古登堡-里克特定律来描述,空间分布特征则用潜在震源区及其地震发生率来描述。模拟得到的地震事件包含以下参数:时间(年、月、日)、地点(经度、纬度)、深度、震级、断层走向以及衰减特征等。该模拟地震事件集可满足地震巨灾模型中地震风险分析的需求,已应用于我国地震巨灾模型中。 相似文献
3.
非齐次复合 Poisson地震发生概率模型研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
依据现有地震发生概率模型合理性与局限性以及地震估计的基本思想提出五类非齐次复合 Poisson 地震发生概率模型,阐述各模型的基本特点及可能实用的前提。 以华北地区的地震序列为例大致模拟了不同阶段的地震发生概率水平,分析表明非齐次复合 Poisson 地震发生概率模型更能反映地震发生的时间不均匀性。 相似文献
4.
引言概率性地震危险性分析(PSHA)是一种涉及多学科的工作,它需要诸如区域地震构造学、地震特征和重复性、地震动形成、地震波传播以及局部场地效应的多种知识。这些资料组成概率模型,可提供任一场地的地震动参数的年超越概率。最近 相似文献
5.
地震危险性分析发展与工程应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
系统阐述了地震危险性分析方法发展中三种典型概率模型的特点和实质,它们被分别称之谓：简单概率模型、分段泊松模型以及复合概率模型。在此基础上,提出了一种基于复合概率模型的地震影响场等效地震的计算方法,并给出了它们在一个重大工程场地地震安全性评价中的应用。 相似文献
6.
运用地震矩和实时概率模型,分别对东昆仑断裂带和阿尔金断裂带上的几个断裂段进行了地震危险性评估,得到的概率数据都属于小概率事件范围,说明未来100年内,这两个断裂带各段上发生与其历史上大小相当的地震的可能性很小。 相似文献
7.
在十年尺度（５—１０年）地震危险性预测中，需要处理众多的不确定因素。受这些不确定因素的约束，地震预测的结果必然带有相当的不确定性，因此应该用概率分析的方法进行预测。考虑地震发生的时间、空间和强度的非均匀性及相关特征和地震危险性长期背景（地质、地球物理场等因素）与地震发生前兆的概率结合，提出了十年尺度地震危险性预测的概率模型。考虑资料的不均匀性和适宜不同地区的地震前兆方法的差异，本文还提出了概率预测模型简化形式，以满足全国不同地区的需要。本文以华北北部地区为例讨论了该模型的实际应用。文中提出的方法可以用于全国十年尺度地震危险性的概率预测。根据本项研究提供的结果和计算程序，可以满足地震对策和地震损失估计对地震中长期概率预测的需要。 相似文献
8.
尽管缺少可信的确定性地震前兆,但地震学家通过对地震丛集属性日渐精确的理解,已经获得了地震活动的重要的预测信息。在过去的15年间和较大的地震序列期间,公众可以近实时地得到基于一般短期丛集模型并与时间有关的地震概率。这些预报描述一个给定震级主震之后可能发生地震事件的平均概率和数目,但并不适合于当前特定的序列和不包含可能的余震位置信息。我们的模型在两方面依赖于一般的预测模型的基本原则：它以强地面震动概率表述预测,并将一个现有的基于断层数据和历史地震并与时间无关的发震模型,和描述与时间有关的区域地震丛集的渐增的复杂模型结合起来,得到一个在加州任何地方未来24小时强震动概率随时间变化的地图。我们的地震危险性建模方法可以帮助大家较好地理解随时间变化的地震危险性,并增加它对公众、应急决策者和媒体的实用性。 相似文献
9.
对地震事件的统计预报是地震危险性分析中的一项基本工作。因此,近十几年来,地震学和工程地震学方面的研究者们发展了多种预报地震的概率模型。但由于在这些模型中需要较多的参数,因而大大限制了这些模型的应用。本文在前人工作的基础上,提出了一种新的双态泊桑模型。本文提出的模型较目前人们所常用的平稳泊桑模型有所改进,且方便、实用,在一定条件下可转化为平稳泊桑模型。双态泊桑模型能较好地反映出地震活动的高潮期和低潮期,因此,在预测地震危险性时效果较好。本文还以海原断层为例,用双态泊桑模型计算了未来50年内该断层对兰州市的影响,並将所得结果与用平稳泊桑模型计算的结果进行了比较。 相似文献
10.
王阜 《地震工程与工程振动》1986,(3)
本文的主要目的是为工程地震危险性分析提供一种考虑地震发生空间不均匀性的概率模型。采用伯努利试验模型描述了在一给定震源区内地震发生位置的不确定性,并利用贝叶斯方法将观测数据与专家的主观判断相结合给出了地震发生概率的均衡估计。同时也给出了综合专家主观意见的方法和计算场地烈度超过概率的方法。从而为在工程地震危险性分析中充分反映地震地质学家和地球物理学家关于地震中长期预报的意见提供了一种定量的方法。 相似文献
11.
Qian Wang Xinxin Yin Changsheng Jiang Cong Jiang Yan Zhang Hongyu Zhai Yanbao Zhang Guijuan Lai Fengling Yin 《地震科学（英文版）》2021,34(3):286-298
In the new types of industrial activities including unconventional energy extraction associated with shale gas and hot dry rock, gas reservoir operations, CO2 geological storage, undergoing research on induced earthquake forecasting has become one of the forward positions of current seismology. As for the intense actual demand, the immature research on induced earthquake forecasting has already been applied in pre-assessment of site safety and seismic hazard and risk management. This work will review systematically recent advances in earthquake forecasting induced by hydraulic fracturing during industrial production from four aspects: earthquake occurrence probability, maximum expected magnitude forecasting, seismic risk analysis for engineering and social applications and key scientific problems. In terms of earthquake occurrence probability, we introduce statistical forecasting models such as an improved ETAS and non-stationary ETAS and physical forecasting models such as Seismogenic Index (SI) and hydro-mechanism nucleation. Research on maximum expected magnitude forecasting has experienced four stages of linear relationship with net injection volume of fluid, power exponential relationship and physical forecasting regarding fault parameters. For seismic risk analysis, we focus on probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and quantitative geological susceptibility model. Furthermore, this review is extended to key scientific problems that contain obtaining accurate fault scale and environmental stress state of reservoir, critical physical process of runaway rupture, complex mechanism of fault activation as well as physical mechanism and modeling of trailing effect. This work in understanding induced earthquake forecasting may contribute to unconventional energy development and production, seismic hazard mitigation, emergency management and scientific research as a reference. 相似文献
12.
ＢｉｎｏｍｉａｌｍｏｄｅｌｏｎｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｒｉｓｋａｎａｌｙｓｉｓＪｉａｎＷＡＮＧ（王健）ａｎｄＺｈｅｎ－ＬｉａｎｇＳＨＩ（时振梁）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＳｔａｔｅＳｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢｕｒｅａｕ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１００... 相似文献
13.
Aníbal Ojeda Kuvvet Atakan Eullia Masana Pere Santanach María-Jos Jimnez Mariano García-Fernndez 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(9-12):911-916
In this study, the influence of paleoseismic and geologic data in the seismic hazard estimation for the Catalan coastal ranges is analysed. We computed the probabilistic seismic hazard using area seismic sources with a Poissonian assumption for the earthquake occurrence. For the computations, a previously published attenuation relationship based on European strong motion data was applied. The resulting hazard estimates show similarities to the previous assessments in the region. These results were then used as a reference for comparison with other new models. In order to analyse the influence of the paleoseismic data three different models were tested. Since the number of faults that are investigated in detail are few, the same area sources that were used in the Poissonian assumption were kept in all three new models. In addition, the new paleoseismic data with faults expressed as line sources were used. In this case, a cyclic earthquake occurrence was assumed. The three models were based on the paleoseismic data with different assumptions on the time elapsed since last event. The time elapsed was set to 0, 10 and 85% of the recurrence interval in each model. The results are presented as maps showing the difference between the three models and the reference model with the Poissonian assumption. The results are given in horizontal peak ground acceleration contour maps for different return periods, also taking into account large return periods as high as 25,000 years. This is done to demonstrate the effect of large recurrence intervals found for some of the active faults. In general, we observe that for short return periods (<1000 years), the Poissonian assumption of earthquake occurrence is probably sufficient and provides a robust estimate of the hazard. However, for longer return periods (>5000 years) the effects of the paleoseismic data become increasingly significant. In order to estimate the true seismic hazard potential of this apparently low seismicity area, long-term behaviour of the possible active faults in the region needs to be investigated systematically. 相似文献
14.
Seismic Hazard Assessment: Issues and Alternatives 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Zhenming Wang 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2011,168(1-2):11-25
Seismic hazard and risk are two very important concepts in engineering design and other policy considerations. Although seismic hazard and risk have often been used interchangeably, they are fundamentally different. Furthermore, seismic risk is more important in engineering design and other policy considerations. Seismic hazard assessment is an effort by earth scientists to quantify seismic hazard and its associated uncertainty in time and space and to provide seismic hazard estimates for seismic risk assessment and other applications. Although seismic hazard assessment is more a scientific issue, it deserves special attention because of its significant implication to society. Two approaches, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) and deterministic seismic hazard analysis (DSHA), are commonly used for seismic hazard assessment. Although PSHA has been proclaimed as the best approach for seismic hazard assessment, it is scientifically flawed (i.e., the physics and mathematics that PSHA is based on are not valid). Use of PSHA could lead to either unsafe or overly conservative engineering design or public policy, each of which has dire consequences to society. On the other hand, DSHA is a viable approach for seismic hazard assessment even though it has been labeled as unreliable. The biggest drawback of DSHA is that the temporal characteristics (i.e., earthquake frequency of occurrence and the associated uncertainty) are often neglected. An alternative, seismic hazard analysis (SHA), utilizes earthquake science and statistics directly and provides a seismic hazard estimate that can be readily used for seismic risk assessment and other applications. 相似文献
15.
探讨了东南沿海地震带20世纪以来在时间分布方面存在的密集－平静相互交替的丛集现象。 对以往按地震能量释放的分布划分出的活跃—平静幕数目不等的多种结果; 对东南沿海地区54次M≥43/4地震的时间间隔序列, 在使用有序样品聚类分析中的“离差平方和”法及误差函数法, 从误差随分段数增加而减少的拐点值及误差函数比值认为四段活跃幕划分是合理的。 从 1943 年之后, 计算得出的东南沿海地区中强以上地震序列的时间变异系数δ值为1.2 , 明显处于丛集状态。 对东南沿海地震区20世纪以来四个地震活跃幕中, 其丛集非线性时间结构演化幂指数, 即各幕地震的累积频次与发震系统内部时间的关系基本符合为N=ctd。 4个活跃幕的演化幂指数d变化范围分布在0.7~0.8。 东南沿海地震区20世纪以来M6.0以上的强震也基本符合该关系式。 只是其活跃幕演化幂指数d为 0.47 。 相似文献
16.
There was an earthquake swarm of two major events of MS6.3 and MS5.8 on the Xianshuihe fault in November, 2014. The two major earthquakes are both strike-slip events with aftershock zone along NW direction.We have analyzed the characteristics of this earthquake sequence. The b value and the h value show the significant variations in different periods before and after the MS5.8earthquake. Based on the data of historical earthquakes, we also illustrated the moderate-strong seismic activity on the Xianshuihe fault. The Kangding earthquake swarm manifests the seismic activity on Xianshuihe fault may be in the late seismic active period. The occurrence of the Kangding earthquake may be an adjustment of the strong earthquakes on the Xianshuihe fault. The Coulomb failure stress changes caused by the historical earthquakes were also given in this article. The results indicate that the earthquake swarm was encouraged by the historical earthquakes since1893, especially by the MS7.5 Kangding earthquake in1955. The Coulomb failure stress changes also shows the subsequent MS5.8 earthquake was triggered by the MS6.3earthquake. 相似文献
17.
设定地震及其烈度影响判别 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
设定地震常用于震害预测、地震小区划和重大工程选址,烈度衰减模型反映了地震引起的地面震动及其影响的强弱程度分布。设定地震包括确定性和非确定性设定两种方法,确定性方法基于构造或历史地震,非确定性方法是基于概率危险性方法,用于估计区域或城市未来可能遭遇的地震危险。缺失等震线或震害记载不详的历史地震和概率设定地震都不能确切地反映地震破坏影响,借助于烈度衰减关系模型和GIS,可直观地判别其影响分布情况,便于设定地震的取舍。 相似文献
18.
结构参数识别是结构抗震安全性能鉴定和健康诊断的基础。利用地震观测记录来识别结构模态参数,是地震工程领域备受关注的研究课题之一。本文利用三层平面框架结构的理论地震反应时程,对一维、多维和整体ARX模型三种模态参数识别方法进行了对比分析。结果表明：整体ARX模型的识别结果较为稳定且精度较高,更适合于进行多自由度结构参数识别。 相似文献
19.
Different models were developed for evaluating the probabilistic three-dimensional (3D) stability analysis of earth slopes and embankments under earthquake loading using both the safety factor and the displacement criteria of slope failure. In the 3D analysis, the critical and total slope widths become two new and important parameters.The probabilistic models evaluate the probability of failure under seismic loading considering the different sources of uncertainties involved in the problem, i.e. uncertainties stemming from the discrepancies between laboratory-measured and in-situ values of shear strength parameters, randomness of earthquake occurrence, and earthquake-induced acceleration. The models also takes into consideration the spatial variabilities and correlations of soil properties.Five probabilistic models of earthquake-induced displacement were developed based on the non-exceedance of a limited value criterion. Moreover, a probabilistic model for dynamic slope stability analysis was developed based on 3D dynamic safety factor.These models are formulated and incorporated within a computer program (PTDDSSA).A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the different parameters involved in the developed models by applying those models to a well-known landslides (Selset landslide) under different levels of seismic hazard.The parametric study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different input parameters on the resulting critical failure width, 3D dynamic safety factor, earthquake-induced displacement and the probability of failure. Input parameters include: average values and coefficients of variations of water table, cohesion and angle of friction for effective stress analysis, scales of fluctuations in both distance and time, hypocentral distance, earthquake magnitude, earthquake strong shaking period, etc.The hypocentral distance and earthquake magnitude were found to have major influence on the earthquake-induced displacement, probability of failure (i.e. probability of allowable displacement exceedance), and dynamic 2D and 3D safety factors. 相似文献