共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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多道自适应匹配滤波方法压制表面多次波 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
表面多次波压制是海洋地震数据处理的关键环节,基于波动方程的多次波压制方法可由多次波模型预测和自适应相减两步实现.因此,除了采用有效的算法实现高精度的多次波预测外,多次波的自适应相减也是改善多次波压制效果的重要手段.文中采用多道自适应滤波器完成表面多次波的自适应相减,利用数据驱动的基于波动方程预测多次波模型的高频重建道、Hilbert变换道、以及它们相应的上下延拓道改善预测多次波模型的振幅、相位、旅行时以及频带信息,使得修正后多次波模型与实际地震数据中的多次波更好地匹配.实际数据测试表明,文中所述方法可有效地完成表面多次波的自适应相减.通过讨论分析交叠时窗和滤波器的长度对自适应相减效果的影响,表明合理地利用时窗以及选择滤波器长度将有效地改善自适应相减的效果. 相似文献
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多次波预测与自适应相减是基于波动方程表面多次波压制的两个重要环节.文中利用具有并行计算优势的GPU加速表面多次波预测,使得预测效率大为提高.在自适应相减算法中,文中将预测的多次波道、预测多次波道的Hilbert变换道、预测多次波道的高频重建道、以及它们的平移道用作自适应相减中的多次波模型道.Hilbert变换道用以补偿预测多次波的相位信息,高频重建道用以改善预测多次波的高频信息,补偿频带能量差异.文中在预测和相减过程中均采用迭代算法,迭代预测,可较好地获得多次波的运动学特性,迭代相减,可较好地获得多次波的动力学特性,迭代预测与相减使预测的多次波与地震数据中实际的多次波更好地匹配.将该方法应用于理论模拟的SMAART模型和实际海洋数据中,测试结果表明,该方法预测多次波效率较高,在保持有效波振幅条件下可有效地压制地震数据中的表面多次波. 相似文献
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三维表面多次波压制是海洋地震资料预处理中的重要研究课题,基于波动理论的三维表面多次波压制方法(3DSRME)是数据驱动的方法,理论上来说,可有效压制复杂构造地震数据表面多次波.但该方法因对原始地震数据采集要求高而很难在实际资料处理中广泛应用.本文基于贡献道集的概念,将稀疏反演方法引入到表面多次波压制中,应用稀疏反演代替横测线积分求和,无需对横测线进行大规模重建,进而完成三维表面多次波预测,这样可有效解决实际三维地震数据横测线方向稀疏的问题.基于纵测线多次波积分道集为抛物线的假设,为保证预测后三维表面多次波和全三维数据预测的多次波在运动学和动力学特征上基本一致,文中对预测数据实施基于稳相原理的相位校正.理论模型和实际数据的测试结果表明,本文基于稀疏反演三维表面多次波压制方法可在横测线稀疏的情况下,有效压制三维复杂介质地震资料中的表面多次波,从而更好地提高海洋地震资料的信噪比,为高分辨率地震成像提供可靠的预处理数据保障. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
在海洋地震勘探中,水层多次波是一种常见的干扰波.水层多次波的存在常常会造成地震资料分辨率降低,损伤地震资料频带,产生虚假同相轴等假象,严重影响波组特征与地震资料解释.SRME(Surface Related Multiple Elimination)和MWD(Model-based Water-layer Demultiple)方法的提出为多次波预测压制提供了有效的解决方案.但SRME方法并不能适用于浅水以及起伏海底的OBC(Ocean Bottom Cable)观测数据的多次波压制,而常规的MWD方法构建格林函数进行多次波预测时仅仅考虑了地震波在传播过程中产生的时移和几何扩散等运动学特征,不能很好地将多次波进行精确的重建.为了解决上述问题,本文基于克希霍夫衍射理论在格林函数中加入角度算子,使预测结果更加准确、更具有动力学特征,并根据多次波射线路径提出了一种相对更加灵活的适用于浅水的水层多次波预测方法,精确预测了水层多次波,结合曲波域多次波提取技术使水层多次波得到了有效压制. 相似文献
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消除层间多次波是地震勘探资料处理研究领域的难题,尤其对于实际资料的处理,到目前为止还很难找到一种完全有效的方法. 本文给出了仅对一次波成像既波路径偏移方法压制层间多次波方法,在共炮道集和共检波点道集分别计算炮点射线的入射角和检波点射线的出射角,由此计算的角度作为射线追踪的初始角度,计算地震波射线的传播路径. 结合由程函方程计算的走时表,判断偏移范围是反射波还是多次波. 在前期偏移过程压制多次波的理论研究基础上,本文主要研究波路径偏移消除多次波的应用部分. 为了进一步说明效果的有效性,计算了在单炮和共成像点道集压制层间多次波,给出了实际资料的压制多次波的偏移结果. 相似文献
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《地球物理学报》2021,64(6)
层间多次波与有效波在走时、频率和叠加速度上差异较小,因此层间多次波压制常难以获得理想效果.本文提出一种基于迭代反演的层间多次波压制方法(MSI,Multiple Suppression Inversion),该方法以共聚焦点(CFP,Common Focus Point)层间多次波压制理论为基础,通过构建卷积因子,将层间多次波压制转变为迭代反演的问题,直接利用观测的地震数据进行迭代反演计算,进而完成多次波压制.MSI方法避免了共聚焦点方法中构建CFP道集的聚焦运算,大幅降低层间多次波预测的计算成本;同时该方法为全数据驱动方法,无需地下介质任何先验信息,算法容易实现.模型数据测试表明,本文提出的方法可有效压制层间多次波,而且对有效波也具有很好的保幅性. 相似文献
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常规滤波方法对浅海多次波压制不能取得理想效果.通过改变模型表面边界条件，求解波动方程实现多情景地震数值模拟.利用自由边界条件模拟时获得含海平面强反射多次波地震记录，而利用吸收边界条件时得到理想条件下无多次波地震记录.对比分析多次波对有效地震信号的影响得到海平面强反射多次波改变了有效地震信号的振幅、频率和相位.利用归一化方法计算得到压制多次波滤波器算子，并作用于含海平面强反射多次波地震记录.叠加地震剖面对比分析表明，归一化滤波器算子较好的压制了地震记录中的多次波，提高地震资料分辨率.最后，根据多次波产生条件，给出了利用实际区域简化地质模型的地震数值模拟结果计算归一化滤波器算子的方法，从而利用该方法压制实际地震数据中多次波. 相似文献
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波射线路径压制多次波的反射波成像是在偏移过程去除多次波同时仅对反射波成像.通过在共炮道集和共检波点道集分别计算炮点射线的入射角和检波点射线的出射角计算射线的路径.从炮点入射的射线与从检波点出射的射线的交点形成的走时,若等于观测走时,可以判断此条射线是反射波;反之,若不相等,则是多次波.数值实验表明此方法可以有效地去掉由于多次波能量产生的假成像点和压制多次波,因此界面可以正确归位,同时去掉由于多次波引起的假成像位置. 相似文献
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在油气田勘探过程中,多次波的存在往往会直接影响地质构造的解释程度.鉴于自由界面的反射系数一般都远远大于地层的反射系数,与之相关多次波具有更强的能量,更多的宽频带,本文聚焦于与表面相关多次波的模拟与衰减.表面多次波的衰减可以表述为一种迭代的过程,其中MPI(Wang,2003)是一种全数据驱动型的多次波建模方法,它是通过迭代修正多次波模型从而预测出更为精确的多次波.MPI多次波建模方法的显著特征在于它减弱了对表面操作因子的依赖性,即在先验信息未知的情况下,仍可以依据地震数据而模拟出较为精确的多次波模型,这种方法的另一特征在于它不仅在时间域而且在相位和振幅域也可以模拟出多次波模型.根据实际地震数据的应用效果,表明在给定一个一般精度的去多次波结果的情况下,通过利用全数据驱动型迭代反演可以建立更为精确的多次波模型,然后再把它从原始地震数据中减去,从而更为有效地压制和衰减多次波场能量. 相似文献
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The filter for wave-equation-based water-layer multiple suppression, developed by the authors in the x-t, the linear τ-p, and the f-k domains, is extended to the parabolic τ-2 domain. The multiple reject areas are determined automatically by comparing the energy on traces of the multiple model (which are generated by a wave-extrapolation method from the original data) and the original input data (multiples + primaries) in τ-p space. The advantage of applying the data-adaptive 2D demultiple filter in the parabolic τ-p domain is that the waves are well separated in this domain. The numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of such a dereverberation procedure. Filtering of multiples in the parabolic τ-p domain works on both the far-offset and the near-offset traces, while the filtering of multiples in the f-k domain is effective only for the far-offset traces. Tests on a synthetic common-shot-point (CSP) gather show that the demultiple filter is relatively immune to slight errors in the water velocity and water depth which cause arrival time errors of the multiples in the multiple model traces of less than the time dimension (about one quarter of the wavelet length) of the energy summation window of the filter. The multiples in the predicted multiple model traces do not have to be exact replicas of the multiples in the input data, in both a wavelet-shape and traveltime sense. The demultiple filter also works reasonably well for input data contaminated by up to 25% of random noise. A shallow water CSP seismic gather, acquired on the North West Shelf of Australia, demonstrates the effectiveness of the technique on real data. 相似文献
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A method is presented for the prediction and attenuation of long-period water-layer multiples based on an adaptive multichannel lattice algorithm. The multichannel approach can be viewed as a generalization of two-dimensional linear prediction. The multichannel linear least-squares prediction problem is reviewed briefly and the performance and limitations of the algorithm are demonstrated on two different marine data sets with different properties of the simple and peg-leg multiple system. The algorithm works well even on problematic data sets and is very easy to apply. 相似文献
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Recent advances in the demultiple technique have shown that a multidimensional convolution of a portion of data containing only primaries with the whole data (containing both primaries and multiples) can allow us to predict and attenuate all orders of free‐surface multiples that are relevant for practical purposes. One way of constructing the portion of the data containing only primaries is by muting the actual data just above the first free‐surface multiple to arrive. The location of the mute is generally known as the bottom‐multiple‐generator (BMG) reflector; the portion of the data containing only primaries required for constructing the free‐surface multiples is located above the BMG. The outstanding question about this method is how effective can the technique be when the BMG cuts through several seismic events, as is the case in long‐offset data or in very complex shallow geology. We present new results which demonstrate the fact that the BMG location may cut through several seismic events without affecting the accuracy or the cost of demultiple. 相似文献
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自由表面多次波压制是海底地震仪（Ocean Bottom Seismometer,OBS）数据处理和成像中的难点,OBS数据多次波能量强,周期长,严重影响深层一次反射波的处理和成像.不同于常规拖缆观测系统,OBS数据站点一般相隔较远,仅仅利用检波点稀疏的波场信息难以压制OBS数据中的自由表面多次波.本文采用拖缆数据与OBS数据联合,利用稀疏反演估计（Estimation of Primaries and Multiples by Sparse Inversion,EPSI）方法,研究了OBS数据自由表面多次波压制理论,分析了OBS多次波产生的机理,详细推导了拖缆数据与OBS数据联合预测OBS多次波的EPSI方法基本原理.通过利用拖缆数据的信息,实现了OBS检波点稀疏数据多次波的压制问题.EPSI方法通过稀疏反演直接估计一次反射波,避免了SRME（Surface Related Multiple Elimination）方法中自适应相减对有效信号的损害,保真了一次反射有效信号,理论模拟OBS数据验证了方法的有效性. 相似文献
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在常规偏移方法中一般都需要压制地震数据中的多次波,仅利用一次波信息成像,把自由表面反射的多次波视为噪声,但是在多次波中也包含着地下结构信息,应该将其充分利用到成像中来.事实上,已经有不少成像方法试图利用多次波信息,但是大部分方法都需要对多次波进行预测.本文提出了基于傅里叶有限差分偏移算子的数据自相关偏移方法.在这种偏移方法中,对含有一次波和多次波的地震数据,分别进行下行和上行延拓,然后直接利用常规的互相关成像条件成像.由于波场延拓采用了傅里叶有限差分算子,其计算效率高,能够很好地对复杂介质中的地震数据进行延拓.在数值试验中,使用了一个含散射点的三层模型和Marmousi模型.合成数据测试结果表明,这种方法可以对更大范围的地下构造成像,比常规的只利用一次波的傅里叶有限差分法照明度更好,并且在浅层可以提供更高的分辨率.我们提出的数据自相关策略易于实现且避免了繁杂的多次波预测,这对于复杂地下构造成像可能有着重大意义. 相似文献
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A new method for predicting different kinds of multiples and peg-leg reflections in unstacked seismic data is discussed. The basis for this method is the fact that kinematic properties of multiples can be represented as a combination of kinematic properties of primary reflections. The prediction is made using a two-step process. In the first step, the values for the angle of emergence and radius of curvature of the wavefront for primary reflections from ‘multiple-generating’ interfaces are obtained. These parameters are estimated directly from unstacked data for every source point using the homeomorphic-imaging technique. The second step consists of prediction of multiples from primary reflections that satisfy a so-called ‘multiple condition’. This condition is the equality of the absolute values of the angles of emergence calculated from the first step. This method is effective even in complex media and information on the subsurface geology is not required. The parameters are estimated directly from the unstacked data and do not require any computational efforts such as in wavefield extrapolation of data. 相似文献
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Minimum variance unbiased (MVU) beamforming is a type of multichannel filtering which extracts coherent signals without distortion, whilst minimizing residual noise power. Adaptive beamforming estimates signal and noise characteristics as part of the extraction process. The adaptive beamformer used here is designed from models of primary and multiple reflection signals having parametrically specified moveout and amplitude variation with offset (MVO and AVO). Phase variation with offset (PVO) can also be included but it is not usually justified in practice. The resulting analysis provides data for input into AVO and PVO schemes for obtaining lithological information. Synthetic data examples illustrate details of implementation of parametric adaptive MVU beamforming and the response characteristics of the resultant design. Real data examples show that data-adaptive beamforming is more flexible and more effective in attenuating multiples in prestack common-midpoint seismic data than Radon transform methods. In common with other prestack multichannel processes, the advantages of beamforming are shown to best effect in data with a good signal-to-noise ratio. 相似文献
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The Karhunen-Loéve transform, which optimally extracts coherent information from multichannel input data in a least-squares sense, is used for two specific problems in seismic data processing. The first is the enhancement of stacked seismic sections by a reconstruction procedure which increases the signal-to-noise ratio by removing from the data that information which is incoherent trace-to-trace. The technique is demonstrated on synthetic data examples and works well on real data. The Karhunen-Loéve transform is useful for data compression for the transmission and storage of stacked seismic data. The second problem is the suppression of multiples in CMP or CDP gathers. After moveout correction with the velocity associated with the multiples, the gather is reconstructed using the Karhunen-Loéve procedure, and the information associated with the multiples omitted. Examples of this technique for synthetic and real data are presented. 相似文献