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1.
《中国科学:地球科学》2020,(6)
沉积盆地地层古压力重建是油气成藏研究的重要内容之一.针对目前各种古压力研究方法的优缺点,文章提出了地层古压力研究的新思路,即在超压主控因素定量分析的基础上,明确不同地质历史时期各种主控因素对超压的定量贡献,将流体包裹体、差异应力方法等获得的某一特定时间的古压力和流体-压实耦合模型获得的压力演化相结合,共同约束地层的压力演化史并最终获得地层的压力演化过程.明确地层演化过程中的超压主控因素是古压力恢复的基础和前提,文章分别给出了欠压实、天然气充注、原油裂解、温度降低和构造抬升/沉降等引起盆地地层超压因素的定量研究方法,并利用新的研究思路重建了四川盆地川中古隆起震旦系的常压、塔里木盆地塔北隆起奥陶系的弱超压和鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田二叠系的负压三个典型地区地层压力的演化过程.本文建立的地层古压力研究方法为重建海相盆地深层和古老层系的地层古压力演化过程提供了重要的研究方法和思路. 相似文献
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以神木-榆林地区石炭—二叠系的现今压力分布及其成因探讨为基础,以压实恢复、包裹体温压测试获得的古压力数据为约束,利用盆地数值模拟技术恢复出古压力的演化史.在此基础上,探讨了异常压力的发育、演化历史对天然气运移、成藏的作用.研究认为,研究区东南、西北部接近常压,大部分地区存在"负压",主要由致密储层压力难以测准、地势起伏与水势面的不协调导致的计算误差、地层抬升致使压力散失等引起.上古生界存在有利于形成超压的地质因素,在实测压力、压实研究和包裹体分析获得古压力数据约束下,以盆地数值模拟为主线,恢复出流体压力的演化历史.上古生界在地质历史上至少存在过两个异常压力高峰,其过剩压力幅度可达5～25MPa.受上石盒子组物性、超压双重封闭,天然气主要在山西组和下盒子组主力产层内聚集.中南部J3-K1中,K2中-E两个时期为天然气主要的运移成藏时期;而在N中后则属气藏的调整期. 相似文献
3.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(4)
南海琼东南盆地为典型的高温超压盆地,在中深层高温超压地层中发育多个大型勘探目标,是中国南海勘探主战场.琼东南盆地存在多种超压成因,使得不同构造位置的压力结构不同,不同的压力结构其压力成因存在差异,并且压力结构与油气的成藏也具有非常密切的关系,而且地层压力结构与钻井安全息息相关.为了提高压力预测精度和钻井安全,研究琼东南高压盆地压力结构与油气成藏关系是十分有意义的.快速沉积的欠压实泥岩排水不畅是超压的主要成因,同时还存在断裂系统泄压、大型沉积体疏导泄压和侧向砂体传递增压等多种成因.本文首先总结不同位置的压力结构,其次分析不同压力结构的成因,最后在超压与油气聚集分析的基础上,总结超压与油气聚集成藏的关系,分析认为崖城凸起砂体泄压型低压带和大崖城区异常高压带是琼东南盆地最有利的勘探区带. 相似文献
4.
页岩气储层孔隙压力是页岩气藏保存条件综合评价过程中的一项重要指标.常规基于欠压实成因的地层孔隙压力预测方法并不适用于存在大量有机质生烃增压过程的页岩气储层.本文在页岩储层岩石物理建模的基础上,通过在模型中添加有机相来间接考虑有机质生烃作用对泥页岩正常压实趋势的影响,结合有效应力原理,形成了面向页岩气储层的孔隙压力预测技术.该技术在四川盆地南部WR区块页岩气藏实际预测结果表明,研究区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气藏属于典型的超压气藏.在纵向上,五峰-龙马溪组底部的有机碳含量高的优质页岩层段表现为明显的超压特征,压力系数介于1.6～2.1之间.在平面分布上,深凹区压力系数大,西部深凹区保存条件比东部隆起区要好.压力系数预测结果与钻井实测吻合率大于97％,该方法有效提高了钻前地层压力预测精度. 相似文献
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6.
利用储层流体包裹体的PVT特征模拟计算天然气藏形成古压力——以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界深盆气藏为例 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
利用PVTsim软件, 通过对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界山西组砂岩储层中的次生液态烃包裹体和同期含气态烃包裹体的研究, 建立起利用它们的二元一次等容线方程二者联立求得该期包裹体的捕获温度和压力的方法. 研究结果表明, 鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界石炭-二叠系储层砂岩次生包裹体的捕获压力为21~32 MPa, 均一温度在100~110℃范围的含气态烃包裹体, 其最小捕获压力比真正捕获压力低6~7 MPa, 其均一温度比捕获温度低2~3℃; 包裹体的捕获温度和压力从南向北有逐渐减小的趋势; 包裹体的捕获压力远小于当时的静水压力. 这些特征与该深盆气藏形成的地质地球化学条件相一致. 相似文献
7.
采用储层流体包裹体、固体沥青有机岩石学与^13C—NMR（CP／MAS）谱分析,结合盆地模拟技术,对川东北普光地区油气成藏历史进行了分析．根据固体沥青包裹体特征、储层固体沥青双反射和高芳碳率特征,证实了川东北长兴．飞仙关组储层固体沥青的为高演化阶段的原油裂解形成的焦沥青,天然气具有原油裂解成因．通过单井热史、生烃史的盆地模拟,结合流体包裹体均一化温度及构造演化历史分析,本人认为川东北飞仙关组天然气藏经历了三期的油气充注过程：第一期油气充注发生于185～180Ma的早侏罗世中晚期,主要是下志留统烃源岩的大量生烃,对应包裹体均一化温度在80～110℃,代表了燕山早期阶段初始油藏的形成过程：第二期油气充注在165～138Ma,代表了燕山中期快速沉降阶段二叠系烃源岩大量生油阶段的油气充注过程,对应充注温度在120—155℃;第三期油气充注发生在110-65Ma,主要代表了储层原油裂解生气过程,对应充注温度160—210℃．喜马拉雅期的调整改造造就了现今气田的分布面貌． 相似文献
8.
依据钻孔系统稳态测温、静井温度资料与实测热导率数据分析了柴达木盆地地温场分布特征,建立了柴达木盆地热导率柱,新增了17个大地热流数据.柴达木盆地现今地温梯度介于17.1~38.6℃·km-1,平均为28.6±4.6℃·km-1,大地热流介于32.9~70.4mW·m-2,平均55.1±7.9mW·m-2.盆地不同构造单元地温场存在差异,昆北逆冲带、一里坪坳陷属于"高温区",祁南逆冲带属于"中温区",三湖坳陷、德令哈坳陷及欧龙布鲁克隆起属于"低温区",盆地现今地温场分布特征受控于地壳深部结构、盆地构造等因素.以现今地温场为基础,采用磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹年龄分布特征定性分析与径迹长度分布数据定量模拟相结合,研究了柴达木盆地晚古生代以来的沉积埋藏、抬升剥蚀和热演化史,并结合区域构造背景,对柴达木盆地构造演化过程进行了探讨,研究表明柴达木盆地晚古生代以来经历了六期(254.0—199 Ma,177—148.6 Ma,87—62 Ma,41.1—33.6 Ma,9.6—7.1 Ma,2.9—1.8 Ma)构造运动,六期构造事件与研究区构造演化的动力学背景相吻合.其中白垩纪末期(87—62 Ma)的构造事件导致了柴达木盆地东部隆升并遭受剥蚀,欧龙布鲁克隆起形成雏形,柴达木盆地北缘在弱挤压环境下形成坳陷盆地;中新世末的两期构造事件(9.6—7.1 Ma和2.9—1.8 Ma)使柴达木盆地遭受强烈挤压,盆地快速隆升,构造变形强烈,基本形成现今的构造面貌. 相似文献
9.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(2)
以致密气藏为代表的非常规油气藏勘探在国内逐渐得到重视.前梨园洼陷是东濮凹陷最大的生油气洼陷,展示了极好的深层超压天然气勘探前景.在实测压力基础上,结合声波时差及地震速度计算,利用东濮凹陷丰富的测井、测试和地质资料综合分析超压分布和成因.结果表明:前梨园地区地层压力在纵向上具有典型双层结构,其中沙三中下亚段超压普遍发育.泥岩层的压力分布与砂岩储层的压力分布特征具有一定差异,泥岩欠压实所产生的增压并不显著,生烃作用尤其是大量生气为区域超压形成的主要机制.超压的存在对天然气运聚成藏产生重要的影响.超压通过对成岩作用的影响,改善了深部砂岩储层物性从而提高储集性能.相同深度和储集条件下,油气层压力越高,相应含油气饱和度增高.加强超压相关研究对于本区深层致密砂岩气藏勘探意义重大. 相似文献
10.
库车前陆盆地蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,然而盆地中新生代的构造热演化史一直缺乏有效的研究,制约了油气的勘探.本文测试了吐孜2井磷灰石、锆石(U-Th)/He年龄数据,建立了He年龄随现今温度/深度变化的关系,确定该区磷灰石(U-Th)/He体系封闭温度为89℃.综合利用(U-Th)/He及镜质体反射率(Ro)数据模拟恢复了库车盆地吐孜2井中新生代热演化史,结果表明库车盆地吐孜洛克背斜形成起始时间约为5Ma,新生代抬升剥蚀量平均约为670m,平均抬升剥蚀速率为0.133mm/a.根据新生代吐孜洛克背斜的构造演化分析确定了气源断裂活动及圈闭形成的时期,揭示了吐孜洛克背斜天然气成藏时间为5Ma以后,且烃源岩生排烃、断裂活动及圈闭形成的时间具有良好的匹配关系,这是吐孜洛克油气田形成的关键因素之一.本文应用(U-Th)/He技术研究沉积盆地构造热演化史,对库车盆地油气勘探具有重要的意义. 相似文献
11.
泥页岩的热演化过程与其经历的古温度史相关,最高古温度决定它的最终热演化程度.本文利用古温标方法恢复了川东地区古生界主要泥页岩层系经历的最高古温度.研究结果表明,它们在距今80—90Ma时达到最高古温度,龙潭组顶面最高古温度150~220℃,龙潭组底面最高古温度160~230℃,龙马溪组顶面最高古温度160~250℃,五峰组底面最高古温度170~260℃,筇竹寺组顶面最高古温度210~320℃,筇竹寺组底面最高古温度210~320℃.各层最高古温度平面展布特征相似,最高温出现在涪陵—丰都一带,向南与向北温度均呈降低趋势,在达州—开江一带局部出现较高温.此外,结合川东地区古热流史分析认为,川东古生界泥页岩热演化过程具有阶段性,现今处于高-过成熟状态,达到最高古温度后生烃作用停止.川东地区经历较高的最高古温度随后快速抬升剥蚀有利于页岩气的成烃与成藏. 相似文献
12.
Shenghui Deng Yuanzheng Lu Zhong Luo Ru Fan Xin Li Yi Zhao Xueying Ma Rukai Zhu Jingwei Cui 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(10):1419-1439
The Yanchang Formation is extensively developed in the Ordos Basin and its surrounding regions. As one of the best terrestrial Triassic sequences in China and the major oil-gas bearing formations in the Ordos Basin, its age determination and stratigraphic assignment are important in geological survey and oil-gas exploration. It had been attributed to the Late Triassic and regarded as the typical representative of the Upper Triassic in northern China for a long time, although some scholars had already proposed that the lower part of this formation should be of the Middle Triassic age in the mid-late 20th century. In this paper, we suggest that the lower and middle parts of the Yanchang Formation should be of the Ladinian and the bottom possibly belongs to the late Anisian of the Middle Triassic, mainly based on new fossils found in it and high resolution radiometric dating results. The main source rocks, namely the oil shales and mudstones of the Chang-7, are of the Ladinian Age. The upper part of the Yanchang Formation, namely the Chang-6 and the above parts, belongs to the Late Triassic. The uppermost of the Triassic is missed in most parts of the Ordos Basin. The Middle-Upper Triassic Series boundary lies in the Yanchang Formation, equivalent to the boundary between Chang-7 and Chang-6. The Ladinian is an important palaeoenvironmental turning point in the Ordos Basin. Palaeoenvironmental changes in the basin are coincidence with that of the Sichuan Basin and the main tectonic movement of the Qinling Mountains. It indicates that tectonic activities of the Qinling Mountains are related to the big palaeoenvironmental changes in both the Ordos and Sichuan Basins, which are caused by the same structural dynamic system during the Ladinian. 相似文献
13.
Geochemical features and genesis of the natural gas and bitumen in paleo-oil reservoirs of Nanpanjiang Basin, China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
ZHAO MengJun ZHANG ShuiChang ZHAO Lin & DA Jiang Research Institute of Exploration Development PetroChina Beijing China Guizhou Institute of Petroleum Geology Southern Petroleum Exploration Development Corp. Sinopec Guiyang China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(5):689-701
Bitumen from the Nanpanjiang Basin occurs mainly in the Middle Devonian and Upper Permian reef limestone paleo-oil reservoirs and reserves primarily in holes and fractures and secondarily in minor matrix pores and bio-cavities. N2 is the main component of the natural gas and is often associated with pyrobitumen in paleo-oil reservoirs. The present study shows that the bitumen in paleo-oil reservoirs was sourced from the Middle Devonian argillaceous source rock and belongs to pyrobitumen by crude oil cracking under high temperature and pressure. But the natural gas with high content of N2 is neither an oil-cracked gas nor a coal-formed gas generated from the Upper Permian Longtan Formation source rock, instead it is a kerogen-cracked gas generated at the late stage from the Middle Devonian argilla- ceous source rock. The crude oil in paleo-oil reservoirs completely cracked into pyrobitumen and methane gas by the agency of hugely thick Triassic deposits. After that, the abnormal high pressure of methane gas reservoirs was completely destroyed due to the erosion of 2000--4500-m-thick Triassic strata. But the kerogen-cracked gas with normal pressure was preserved under the relatively sealed condition and became the main body of the gas shows. 相似文献
14.
烃源岩热演化是含油气盆地烃源岩评价的基本内容之一,也是油气动态成藏研究的基础.通过系统分析地层沉积样式,结合盆地热史恢复结果,应用Easy%Ro化学动力学模型,模拟了四川盆地86口代表性钻井和200余口人工井点震旦系-下古生界烃源岩热演化史.结果表明,在盆地不同构造单元,下寒武统和下志留统烃源岩热演化特征存在明显差异,并据此建立了四种热演化模式:①加里东期成熟,早晚二叠世期间快速演化定型,以川南地区下寒武统烃源岩为代表;②加里东期未熟,早晚二叠世期间一次快速演化定型,以川西南下寒武统和川南下志留统烃源岩为代表;③加里东期成熟,晚海西-燕山期再次增熟,以川东、川北地区下寒武统烃源岩为代表;④加里东期未熟,晚海西-燕山期持续增熟,以川中地区下寒武统和川东、川北下志留统烃源岩为代表.通过对比研究沉积速率、热流和增温速率之间的耦合关系,剖析了四川盆地震旦系-下古生界烃源岩热演化的控制因素,即川西南和川南局部地区主要受控于早晚二叠世期间峨眉山地幔柱和玄武岩的异常热效应,而盆地其它地区则受沉积地层埋深增热和盆地热流演化的共同作用,其中沉积地层埋深增热对烃源岩增温效应更加显著. 相似文献
15.
On the basis of measuring the pressure distribution and analyzing its origin in the Carboniferous and Permian of Shenmu-Yulin area, the evolution history of ancient pressure is restored mainly by means of the basin numerical simulation technique, in which the paleo-pressure has been constrained by the compaction restoration and the examination of fluid inclusion temperature and pressure. Then the development and evolution history of abnormal pressure and its effect on gas migration and accumulation are investigated. Studies show that the pressure in southeastern and northwestern parts of studied area is near to hydrostatic pressure, whereas in the remainder vast area the pressure is lower than the hydrostatic pressure, which is caused by difficulty to measure pressure accurately in tight reservoir bed, the calculating error caused by in-coordinate between topography relief and surface of water potential, pressure lessening due to formation arising and erosion. There are geological factors beneficial to forming abnormal high pressure in the Upper Palaeozoic. On the distraction of measured pressure, paleo-pressure data from compaction restoration and fluid inclusion temperature and pressure exa- mining, the evolution history of ancient pressure is restored by the basin numerical simulation technique. It is pointed out that there are at least two high peaks of overpressure in which the highest value of excess pressure could be 5 to 25 MPa. Major gas accumulated in main producing bed of Shanxi Fm (P1s) and lower Shihezi Fm (P2x), because of two-fold control from capillary barrier and overpressure seal in upper Shihezi Fm (P2s). In the middle and southern districts, the two periods of Later Jurassic to the middle of Early Cretaceous, and middle of Later Cretaceous to Palaeocene are main periods of gas migration and accumulation, while they belong to readjustment period of gas reservoirs after middle of Neocene. 相似文献
16.
Zou Caineng Yang Zhi Sun Shasha Zhao Qun Bai Wenhua Liu Honglin Pan Songqi Wu Songtao Yuan Yilin 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(7):934-953
The Sichuan Basin is rich in shale oil and gas resources, with favorable geological conditions that the other shale reservoirs in China cannot match. Thus, the basin is an ideal option for fully "exploring petroleum inside source kitchen" with respect to onshore shale oil and gas in China. This paper analyzes the characteristics of shale oil and gas resources in the United States and China, and points out that maturity plays an important role in controlling shale oil and gas composition. US shale oil and gas exhibit high proportions of light hydrocarbon and wet gas, whereas Chinese marine and transitional shale gas is mainly dry gas and continental shale oil is generally heavy. A comprehensive geological study of shale oil and gas in the Sichuan Basin reveals findings with respect to the following three aspects. First, there are multiple sets of organic-rich shale reservoirs of three types in the basin, such as the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation marine shale, Permian Longtan Formation transitional shale, Triassic Xujiahe Formation lake-swamp shale, and Jurassic lacustrine shale. Marine shale gas enrichment is mainly controlled by four elements: Deep-water shelf facies, moderate thermal evolution, calcium-rich and silicon-rich rock association, and closed roof/floor. Second, the "sweet section" is generally characterized by high total organic carbon, high gas content, large porosity, high brittle minerals content, high formation pressure,and the presence of lamellation/bedding and natural microfractures. Moreover, the "sweet area" is generally characterized by very thick organic-rich shale, moderate thermal evolution, good preservation conditions, and shallow burial depth, which are exemplified by the shale oil and gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Longtan Formation, and Daanzhai Member of the Ziliujing Formation. Third, the marine, transitional, and continental shale oil and gas resources in the Sichuan Basin account for 50%, 25%, and 30% of the respective types of shale oil and gas geological resources in China, with great potential to become the cradle of the shale oil and gas industrial revolution in China. Following the "Conventional Daqing-Oil"(i.e., the Daqing oilfield in the Songliao Basin) and the "Western Daqing-Oil Gas"(i.e., the Changqing oilfield in the Ordos Basin), the Southwest oil and gas field in the Sichuan Basin is expected to be built into a "Sichuan-Chongqing Daqing-Gas" in China. 相似文献
17.
利用四川东北地区现有的钻井测温数据及测定的岩石样品热导率数据,计算了12口钻井的大地热流值. 结果表明,川东北地区现今地温梯度为18～25 ℃/km,平均21 ℃/km,大地热流值介于41～57 mW/m2之间,平均为49 mW/m2. 在此基础上,利用镜质体反射率(Ro)资料对研究区热史进行了恢复,认为研究区在255Ma左右古热流达到最高值(62～70 mW/m2),此后热流持续降低直到现今;研究区中-新生界不整合面的剥蚀厚度最大,可达约2100 m;异常高压是在低热流的地温场背景下形成的. 相似文献
18.
On the basis of measuring the pressure distribution and analyzing its origin in the Carboniferous and Permian of Shenmu-Yulin area, the evolution history of ancient pressure is restored mainly by means of the basin numerical simulation technique, in which the paleo-pressure has been constrained by the compaction restoration and the examination of fluid inclusion temperature and pressure. Then the development and evolution history of abnormal pressure and its effect on gas migration and accumulation are investigated. Studies show that the pressure in southeastern and northwestern parts of studied area is near to hydrostatic pressure, whereas in the remainder vast area the pressure is lower than the hydrostatic pressure, which is caused by difficulty to measure pressure accurately in tight reservoir bed, the calculating error caused by in-coordinate between topography relief and surface of water potential, pressure lessening due to formation arising and erosion. There are geological factors beneficial to forming abnormal high pressure in the Upper Palaeozoic. On the distraction of measured pressure, paleo-pressure data from compaction restoration and fluid inclusion temperature and pressure examining, the evolution history of ancient pressure is restored by the basin numerical simulation technique. It is pointed out that there are at least two high peaks of overpressure in which the highest value of excess pressure could be 5 to 25 MPa. Major gas accumulated in main producing bed of Shanxi Fm (P1s) and lower Shihezi Fm (P2x), because of two-fold control from capillary barrier and overpressure seal in upper Shihezi Fm (P2s). In the middle and southern districts, the two periods of Later Jurassic to the middle of Early Cretaceous, and middle of Later Cretaceous to Palaeocene are main periods of gas migration and accumulation, while they belong to readjustment period of gas reservoirs after middle of Neocene.
相似文献19.
On the basis of measuring the pressure distribution and analyzing its origin in the Carboniferous and Permian of Shenmu-Yulin area, the evolution history of ancient pressure is restored mainly by means of the basin numerical simulation technique, in which the paleo-pressure has been constrained by the compaction restoration and the examination of fluid inclusion temperature and pressure. Then the development and evolution history of abnormal pressure and its effect on gas migration and accumulation are investigated. Studies show that the pressure in southeastern and northwestern parts of studied area is near to hydrostatic pressure, whereas in the remainder vast area the pressure is lower than the hydrostatic pressure, which is caused by difficulty to measure pressure accurately in tight reservoir bed, the calculating error caused by in-coordinate between topography relief and surface of water potential, pressure lessening due to formation arising and erosion. There are geological factors beneficial to forming abnormal high pressure in the Upper Palaeozoic. On the distraction of measured pressure, paleo-pressure data from compaction restoration and fluid inclusion temperature and pressure examining, the evolution history of ancient pressure is restored by the basin numerical simulation technique. It is pointed out that there are at least two high peaks of overpressure in which the highest value of excess pressure could be 5 to 25 MPa. Major gas accumulated in main producing bed of Shanxi Fm (P1s) and lower Shihezi Fm (P2x), because of two-fold control from capillary barrier and overpressure seal in upper Shihezi Fm (P2s). In the middle and southern districts, the two periods of Later Jurassic to the middle of Early Cretaceous, and middle of Later Cretaceous to Palaeocene are main periods of gas migration and accumulation, while they belong to readjustment period of gas reservoirs after middle of Neocene. 相似文献
20.
It has been proved to be a difficult problem to determine directly trapping pressure of fluid inclusions. Recently, PVT simulation softwares have been applied to simulating the trapping pressure of petroleum inclusions in reservoir rocks, but the reported methods have many limitations in practice. In this paper, a method is suggested to calculating the trapping pressure and temperature of fluid inclusions by combining the isochore equations of a gas-bearing aqueous inclusion with its coeval petroleum inclusions. A case study was conducted by this method for fluid inclusions occurring in the Upper-Paleozoic Shanxi Formation reservoir sandstones from the Ordos Basin. The results show that the trapping pressure of these inclusions ranges from 21 to 32 MPa, which is 6-7 MPa higher than their minimum trapping pressure although the trapping temperature is only 2-3℃ higher than the homogenization temperature. The trapping pressure and temperature of the fluid inclusions decrease from southern area to northern area of the basin.The trapping pressure is obviously lower than the state water pressures when the inclusions formed. These data are consistent with the regional geological and geochemical conditions of the basin when the deep basin gas trap formed. 相似文献