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本文针对流体饱和孔隙介质的动电效应,在实验室内进行了小岩样的动电实验(流动电势实验)测量,获得了10块岩样在6种不同饱和浓度下的流动电势系数,进而分析了饱和溶液浓度、岩样渗透率和泥质含量对流动电势系数的影响,探讨了流动电势系数对上述参数的敏感性,并进一步给出了流动电势系数随这些参数的变化规律.实验结果表明:前人流动电势系数频响曲线中的凹点现象是由实验装置的共振引起,并非岩样动电效应的自身特性.实验还发现:孔隙介质的动电耦合能力与溶液浓度有关,流动电势系数随溶液浓度增大而减小,但在很高浓度溶液中,动电现象依然存在,流动电势系数趋于常数.此外,流动电势系数对地层参数(渗透率和泥质含量)的敏感性受溶液浓度影响较大,随着溶液浓度增大,敏感性降低.因此,可在低浓度饱和情况下(低于0.4mol/L),利用流动电势系数的幅度对地层渗透率进行直接评价.本文结果对动电测井的可行性及应用条件给出了实验说明. 相似文献
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根据孔隙介质的动电耦合理论设计了一套岩芯渗透率测量系统.实验采用交流锁相放大技术,在低频12~42 Hz范围内完成了砂岩岩样流动电势和电渗实验,得到了流动电势系数KS和电渗压力系数KE,进而计算出岩样动电渗透率,对于中、高渗透率岩样,测量得出的动电渗透率与常规气测渗透率差异较小,两者具有很好的相关性.实验表明,动电测量可作为岩样渗透率测量的一种方法,同时揭示了利用地层动电测井信号反演地层参数的可能性,实验结果对于分析天然地震动电效应也有参考意义. 相似文献
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连续测量岩心的流动电势效应和电渗效应，可以获得岩心的动电渗透率，并验证Onsager互易性.通常这两个实验的岩心夹持器需要使用不同的堵头，而更换堵头会导致岩心内流体的参数和边界条件发生变化.本文设计了新的岩心夹持器和激励压力源，避免了在测量过程中更换堵头，提高了两个实验的一致性.本文测量了蒸馏水、以及0.01、0.02、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4和0.6 mol/L氯化钠溶液饱和的10块岩心的流动电势效应和电渗效应，获得了动电渗透率，并验证了低矿化度下的Onsager互易性.结果表明，Onsager互易性在低矿化度下是成立的；对于高矿化度，电渗效应能够取代流动电势效应用于反演渗透率. 相似文献
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地震波在地下含流体孔隙介质中传播时,会引起中观尺度的"局域流",进而产生地震波震电效应.基于Biot(1941)固结理论的准静态方程,在频率域中采用空间有限差分方法,正演模拟虚岩石物理岩样的地震波衰减和震电效应.与时间域虚岩石物理方法相比,该方法既可以直接求取任一频率下的地震波衰减和电势,便于应用于实际岩样的预测分析,也避免了讨论岩样外表面施加的力源函数表达式及时间剖分稳定性条件等问题.首先利用周期性层状介质模型验证了本文所描述方法的有效性,并进一步求取分析了周期性层状介质两种不同特征单元的渗流电流密度及电势,数值模拟结果表明由中观尺度"局域流"引起的震电效应电势振幅数量级在实验室测量范围之内,随后,分析研究了四种不同高渗介质占比值的地震衰减及震电效应特征.最后,将本文提出的震电效应数值计算方法推广至二维,并求取了二维斑块饱和模型的地震波衰减、速度频散、电势的振幅和相位角数值结果. 相似文献
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基于孔隙介质动电效应的测量方法在油气勘探领域有着巨大的潜在应用价值.本文针对理论预测的随钻动电测井可削弱钻铤波对地层声波干扰的问题,设计了室内随钻动电测井实验装置和测量系统,并在小尺寸砂岩模型井中开展了随钻动电测井实验研究.为了突出随钻动电测井技术的特点,本文先在砂岩模型井中进行了电缆声波测井和电缆动电测井实验测量,获得了地层声波的传播速度.然后又在同一模型井中进行了随钻声波测井和随钻动电测井实验,记录了这两种情况下的测井全波波形,比较了电缆声波/动电测井和随钻声波/动电测井的差异性,并进一步分析了钻铤波和井中动电转换信号的传播特性.本文还通过随钻动电测井的时域波形提取到被测地层的纵横波速度,从实验角度验证了随钻动电测井技术测量地层波速的可行性.此外,本文实验结果对随钻动电测井的仪器设计及现场测量也有参考意义. 相似文献
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动电效应指孔隙介质中与固/液界面的双电层和孔隙流体渗流有关的弹性-电磁耦合现象,探索基于动电效应的勘探和测井新方法则是石油工业重点关注的研究方向之一.本文对流体饱和孔隙介质中的动电效应进行了实验测量研究,记录到了不同模型井中伴随声波的动电转换信号和界面动电转换信号,对比分析了这两种动电信号的产生条件及传播特性,验证了理论分析结果,并进一步研究了动电信号的分波成分及其与声波信号的关系,探讨了声源激发模式、电极接收方式及数据处理方法对动电信号的影响,为动电测井仪器设计奠定实验基础. 相似文献
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探索基于孔隙介质动电效应的随钻测井新方法是当前测井勘探领域的热点研究之一.本文针对随钻测井情况下的动(声)-电转换机理,在砂岩模型井中进行了多极源(单/偶/四极源)随钻动电测井实验研究,记录了井中声波激发动电转换波场的时域波形,给出了各分波的时间-速度图,并与多极源随钻声波测井数据进行对比,结果表明:钻铤波诱导的动电转换信号在随钻动电测井全波中的相对幅度显著降低,从而可准确提取到地层声波的传播速度,实现了利用随钻动电测井方法测量地层波速的目的,验证了随钻动电测井技术可有效抑制钻铤波的思想.本文还进一步分析了钻铤波的动电耦合特性,并结合有机玻璃模型井中随钻动电测井和无井孔模型下的随钻声波测量,研究了伴随钻铤波电场信号的传播特性和衰减规律,深入探讨了随钻动电测井全波中钻铤波被削弱的原因,并给出了定量的实验数据分析,为随钻动电测井理论模拟的解释提供有效实验数据支撑. 相似文献
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本文针对流体饱和孔隙介质的动电效应,在砂岩模型井中开展了动电测井实验研究.记录到渗透率不同模型中单极源动电测井的全波波形,清晰地观测到了伴随纵波、横波和斯通利波的动电转换信号,给出了本文实验条件下,动电测井全波中各分波的幅度,并通过电声比的大小说明了各分波的动电转换能力.实验结果表明:孔隙介质动电效应与渗透率密切相关,动电信号的幅度随着地层渗透率的增大而增加,在高渗透率地层中记录动电信号的幅度较大,这一特性可用于地层渗透率的井下动电评估.本文实验结果还验证了动电测井的可行性,同时指出:与声波测井相比,动电测井信号对地层渗透率更加敏感,这为渗透率等地层参数的井下动电测量奠定了实验基础. 相似文献
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全球大气电模式是指大气和地表构成的闭合回路,其中考虑雷暴为主要充电电源,并将雷暴作为一个垂直电偶极子来考虑.本文从电流连续方程出发,采用球谐函数展开法,边界条件采用下边界为地表大气电势,上边界为电离层底部电势,非齐次电流源函数项采用垂直偶极子假设.通过所做的非线性函数变换,得出了考虑雷暴活动的全球电模式的近地稳态解析解,并证明其能展开为有限多项式级数之和.所得结论与过去的理论分析结果和实验观测是一致的.该文的工作是对以前相关工作仅能得到近似解的一种改进,同时本文所得公式可用于今后对大气电参量进行相关的数值计算及模拟之中. 相似文献
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In theory, the streaming potential coefficient depends not only on the zeta potential but also on the permeability of the rocks that partially determines the surface conductivity of the rocks. However, in practice, it is hard to show the permeability dependence of streaming potential coefficients because of the variation of zeta potential from sample to sample. To study permeability dependence of streaming potential, including the effects of the variation of the zeta potential and surface conductance due to the difference in mineral compositions between samples, we perform measurements on 12 consolidated samples, including natural and artificial samples saturated with 7 different NaCl solutions to determine the streaming potential coefficients. The results have shown that the streaming potential coefficients strongly depend on the permeability of the samples for low fluid conductivity. When the fluid conductivity is larger than than 0.50 S/m for the natural samples or 0.25 S/m for the artificial ceramic samples, the streaming potential coefficient is independent of permeability. This behavior is quantitatively explained by a theoretical model. 相似文献
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Luong Duy Thanh Phan Van Do Nguyen Van Nghia Nguyen Xuan Ca 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(4):753-766
Streaming potential is the result of coupling between a fluid flow and an electric current in porous rocks. The modified Helmholtz–Smoluchowski equation derived for capillary tubes is mostly used to determine the streaming potential coefficient of porous media. However, to the best of our knowledge, the fractal geometry theory is not yet applied to analyse the streaming potential in porous media. In this article, a fractal model for the streaming potential coefficient in porous media is developed based on the fractal theory of porous media and on the streaming potential in a capillary. The proposed model is expressed in terms of the zeta potential at the solid?liquid interface, the minimum and maximum pore/capillary radii, the fractal dimension, and the porosity of porous media. The model is also examined by using another capillary size distribution available in published articles. The results obtained from the model using two different capillary size distributions are in good agreement with each other. The model predictions are then compared with experimental data in the literature and those based on the modified Helmholtz–Smoluchowski equation. It is shown that the predictions from the proposed fractal model are in good agreement with experimental data. In addition, the proposed model is able to reproduce the same result as the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski equation, particularly for high fluid conductivity or large grain diameters. Other factors influencing the streaming potential coefficient in porous media are also analysed. 相似文献
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Influence of water pressure dynamics and fluid flow on the streaming‐potential response for unsaturated conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 V. Allègre L. Jouniaux F. Lehmann P. Sailhac R. Toussaint 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(3):694-712
Streaming‐potentials are produced by electrokinetic effects in relation to fluid flow and are used for geophysical prospecting. The aim of this study is to model streaming potential measurements for unsaturated conditions using an empirical approach. A conceptual model is applied to streaming potential measurements obtained from two drainage experiments in sand. The streaming potential data presented here show a non‐monotonous behaviour with increasing water saturation, following a pattern that cannot be predicted by existing models. A model involving quasi‐static and dynamic components is proposed to reproduce the streaming potential measurements. The dynamic component is based on the first time derivative of the driving pore pressure. The influence of this component is investigated with respect to fluid velocity, which is very different between the two experiments. The results demonstrate that the dynamic component is predominant at the onset of drainage in experiments with the slowest water flow. On the other hand, its influence appears to vanish with increasing drainage velocity. Our results suggest that fluid flow and water distribution at the pore scale have an important influence on the streaming potential response for unsaturated conditions. We propose to explain this specific streaming potential response in terms of the behaviour of both rock/water interface and water/air interfaces created during desaturation processes. The water/air interfaces are negatively charged, as also observed in the case of water/rock interfaces. Both the surface area and the flow velocity across these interfaces are thought to contribute to the non‐monotonous behaviour of the streaming potential coefficient as well as the variations in its amplitude. The non‐monotonous behaviour of air/water interfaces created during the flow was highlighted as it was measured and modelled by studies published in the literature. The streaming potential coefficient can increase to about 10 to 40 when water saturation decreases. Such an increase is possible if the amount of water/air interfaces is increased in sufficient amount, which can be the case. 相似文献
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利用储层岩石流动电位的频散特性评价复杂储层已经成为勘探地球物理领域关注的热点,但是目前还没有形成基于储层岩石储渗特性及电化学性质的具有普遍指导意义的理论方法和数学模型.本文利用微观毛管理论,通过随时间谐变条件下渗流场和电流场的耦合模型,建立了描述储层岩石流动电位频散特性的数学方法,定量分析了频率域储层岩石动态渗透率、动电耦合系数和流动电位耦合系数随储层岩石孔隙度、溶液浓度和阳离子交换量的变化规律.研究结果表明:储层岩石流动电位频散特性是储层流体惯性力与流体黏滞力相互作用的结果.储层岩石孔隙度越大,储层维持流体原有运动状态的能力越大,临界频率越小;储层岩石的溶液浓度和阳离子交换量对临界频率没有影响.储层岩石的孔隙度越大,流体流动能力越强,流动电位各耦合系数的数值越大;溶液浓度越小或阳离子交换量越大,孔隙固液界面的双电层作用越强,各耦合系数的数值越大. 相似文献
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The zeta potential is one of the most important parameters influencing the electrokinetic coupling. Most reservoir rocks are saturated or partially saturated by natural water containing various types of ions (mostly monovalent and divalent ions). Therefore, understanding how the zeta potential behaves for mixtures of electrolytes is very important. In this work, measurements of the zeta potential for four different silica-based samples saturated by seven different mixtures of monovalent and divalent electrolytes are then carried out at a fixed ionic strength. It is seen that the magnitude of the measured zeta potential decreases with increasing divalent cation fraction. The experimental results are then explained by a model developed for mixtures of monovalent and divalent electrolytes. The result shows that the theoretical model is able to reproduce the main trend of the variation of the zeta potential with divalent cation fractions. Additionally, the model can fit the experimental data reported in literature well for reasonable values of the input parameters. 相似文献
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N. Ardjmandpour C. Pain J. Singer J. Saunders E. Aristodemou J. Carter 《Geophysical Prospecting》2011,59(4):721-748
An artificial neural network method is proposed as a computationally economic alternative to numerical simulation by the Biot theory for predicting borehole seismoelectric measurements given a set of formation properties. Borehole seismoelectric measurements are simulated using a finite element forward model, which solves the Biot equations together with an equation for the streaming potential. The results show that the neural network method successfully predicts the streaming potentials at each detector, even when the input pressures are contaminated with 10% Gaussian noise. A fast inversion methodology is subsequently developed in order to predict subsurface material properties such as porosity and permeability from streaming potential measurements. The predicted permeability and porosity results indicate that the method predictions are more accurate for the permeability predictions, with the inverted permeabilities being in excellent agreement with the actual permeabilities. This approach was finally verified by using data from a field experiment. The predicted permeability results seem to predict the basic trends in permeabilities from a packer test. As expected from synthetic results, the predicted porosity is less accurate. Investigations are also carried out to predict the zeta potential. The predicted zeta potentials are in agreement with values obtained through experimental self potential measurements. 相似文献