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1.
反演瑞雷波频散曲线能有效获取地层横波速度和厚度.但由于其高度的非线性、多参数、多极值等特点,传统的全局搜索方法易出现收敛速度慢、早熟收敛及搜索精度低的问题.鉴于此,本文提出并测试了基于萤火虫优化算法（FA）和带惯性权重的蝙蝠优化算法（WBA）的新的瑞雷波频散曲线反演策略.在瑞雷波频散曲线反演中,FA全局搜索能力强,但后期搜索精度低,而WBA局部搜索能力强,搜索精度高,但易出现早熟收敛.故本文将二者结合,提出了一种新的优化策略,称其为WFBA,即在反演前期使用FA,后期使用WBA,很好地解决了FA后期搜索精度低及WBA早熟收敛的问题.本文首先反演了三个典型理论模型的无噪声、含噪声的数据,验证了WFBA对瑞雷波数据反演的有效性与稳定性.然后将WFBA与WBA、FA单独反演以及不含惯性权重的FBA和粒子群优化算法（PSO）反演的结果进行了对比,说明了WFBA相对于WBA、FA、FBA和PSO具有更稳定、收敛速度更快、求解精度更高等优点.最后,反演了来自美国怀俄明地区的实测资料,检验了WFBA对瑞雷波数据反演的实用性.理论模型试算和实测资料分析表明,WFBA很适用于瑞雷波频散曲线的定量解释,具有很高的实用性价值. 相似文献
2.
瞬变电磁圆锥型场源装置有效的减小了线圈间的电感,提高了小装置探测地下浅层的分辨率,但常规反演方法需给定初始模型且反演精度不高.针对瞬变电磁法反演计算问题,通过对粒子群优化算法(PSO)和神经网络算法(BP)分析研究,改进了一种基于神经网络算法Sigmoid函数的自适应加权粒子群优化(AWPSO)算法.采用标准测试函数对算法进行试算,建立多个理论层状地质模型对该算法进行理论验证,最后在地质资料已知地区开展现场实验.计算结果表明,新提出的算法具有更高的全局搜索寻优能力和收敛速度快、计算精度高,且不需要给定初始模型;实验结果显示实测数据反演结果与高密度电法探测结果吻合,证明该算法能够对瞬变电磁探测数据进行反演计算且精度较高,可以在同类型的浅层探测任务中提供参考. 相似文献
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产出剖面测井技术是页岩气井生产动态监测及压裂后评估的有效方法,能够认识压裂层段产出、返排规律,了解井下生产动态情况,为完井和生产优化提供依据.目前,国内水平井产出剖面测井工艺相对成熟,但是资料解释多解性强及解释结果应用程度较低是存在的主要问题.针对以上问题,本文首先根据阵列仪器的特点,分析了水平井产出剖面测井资料解释方法,给出了资料解释的一般步骤及需要注意的问题,并对四川地区一口页岩气井的测井资料进行了解释分析,计算出每个压裂段的产量贡献率和连续流量.根据资料解释结果进行了井筒内流型流态识别和动液面分析,进而了解井筒内的生产动态,为后续生产优化提供依据.完成了裸眼井测井数据和压裂施工数据与每段产气贡献率的相关性分析,优选出了裸眼井测井及压裂施工相对产气量的敏感性参数.最后根据测井结果,建立了不规则裂缝试井分析模型,优化了产能预测分析.通过对测井资料的分析及应用,了解了测试井各压裂段的产气情况,分析了各段产量分布不均的主要控制因素,并为后期完井和生产优化提供了合理化建议. 相似文献
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Baker Hughes INTEQ的MPR是应用较广的传播电阻率测井仪器，它有4条相位差和4条幅度比测井曲线，本文以它在垂直井中的测井响应为例开展电磁传播电阻率资料的二维反演方法研究.由于其测井响应对地层纵向边界的探测灵敏度比对其他地层参数的大得多，在其资料反演中必须重视地层纵向边界位置的提取和反演精度.本文首先应用特征识别方法由分辨率最好的测井曲线提取地层纵向边界，接着对浅、深探测的两条相位差曲线分别做纵向一维反演，利用此结果来建立二维反演的初始地层模型，采用改进的阻尼型正则化高斯 牛顿优化算法，实现了MPR资料的二维全参数反演.对含23个纵向分层的两种典型地层模型的数值模拟测井资料的二维反演得到了令人满意的结果，它可显著提高MPR的资料解释水平.发现只用它的5条测井曲线就可得到与8条测井曲线几乎相同的反演效果. 相似文献
6.
煤矿井下矿井瞬变电磁法(MTEM)探测中,电磁场呈全空间分布,全空间瞬变电磁反演是复杂的非线性问题,目前反演计算中全空间响应主要由半空间响应乘以全空间响应系数来得到,导致反演结果中顶板和底板异常(或前方和后方异常)叠加在一起难以分离,造成分辨率下降.论文提出采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)进行全空间MTEM反演,通过理论分析,在常规的粒子群算法基础上提出了一种新的进化公式改进策略,提高了粒子群算法的寻优能力.基于全空间瞬变电磁场理论,编写了粒子群算法反演程序,进行全空间条件下五层含巷道的复杂模型的反演计算.结合某矿井巷道顶板、底板岩层及断层含水性的探测实例,对实测数据进行反演计算和解释,探测结果得到钻探证实.研究表明,改进的粒子群优化算法对理论模型和实际资料的反演拟合程度较高,实现了矿井顶板、底板视电阻率异常的分离,提高了全空间瞬变电磁勘探资料的解释精度和分辨率. 相似文献
7.
温度和压力是水平井产出剖面测井必测的参数,然而利用温度资料进行水平井产出剖面测井解释,具有影响因素较多,多解性强的特点.本文根据热力学守恒定律,建立了温度测井计算模型,进行了压降幅度和热损失系数对温度的敏感性分析,研究了不同参数对热损失系数和温度测井的影响,为水平井温度测井资料解释奠定了理论基础.利用温度测井解释方法,对鄂北一口致密气水平井产出剖面测井资料进行了解释分析,分析了不同压裂段的产出情况,解释结果与持水率计测试结果吻合较好,说明了温度测井解释模型的可靠性.在流速等参数缺失的情况下,通过温度测井能够很好的了解水平井各压裂段的产出情况,为后续完井和生产优化提供依据. 相似文献
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从CSAMT信号中提取激电信息有利于提高频率域电磁法反演与解释的精度.目前的研究多以线性反演方法为主,存在依赖初始模型、易陷入局部极值的问题.针对CSAMT信号IP提取问题的非线性和非凸特征,本文提出了一种基于柯西分布和惯性权重的二阶段最小构造混合蛙跳反演方法来提取IP信息.该方法首先利用柯西算子取代随机算子来提高算法的全局搜索能力,并通过引入混沌震荡惯性权重来均衡进化过程中的个体经验和群体经验,保证算法后期的稳定收敛;然后通过引入第二阶段反演过程来强化极化率对观测数据的影响,同时将正则化参数引入混合蛙跳算法的适应度函数来改善反演的多解性问题;最后利用CPU并行计算加速了算法的模因组搜索过程.反演结果表明,上述方法能够较好地重构地电结构和提取激电信息,在加噪环境下具有较强的鲁棒性.相比其他非线性算法(标准混合蛙跳算法SFLA,差分进化算法DE和粒子群优化算法PSO)的反演结果,本文算法具有更强的全局搜索能力和更高的计算效率,适合对微弱的激电信息进行提取. 相似文献
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根据非线性反演理论与Morozov偏差原理研究建立从双侧向测井(DLL)资料中同时重构地层原状电阻率、侵入带电阻率、侵入半径、层界面位置以及井眼泥浆电阻率的迭代正则化算法.首先利用Tikhonov正则化反演理论将双侧向测井资料的反演问题转化为含有稳定泛函的非线性目标函数的极小化问题,并利用Gauss-Newton算法确定极小化解.为得到稳定的反演结果并有效实现测井资料的最佳拟合,在迭代过程中将Morozov偏差原理和Cholesky分解技术相结合,建立了一套后验选择正则化因子的方法.最后通过理论模型和大庆油田实际测井资料的处理结果,验证了该算法能够取得更为满意的反演效果. 相似文献
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《中国科学D辑》2008,(Z1)
声反射成像测井方法和仪器近来成为勘探地球物理界的新研究热点.但有利于成像的反射波信号与井中的模式波叠加而难以分离出来.为了改进仪器设计,研究更有效的数据处理和解释方法,必须用以波动方程为基础的数值模拟方法来精确描述声反射成像测井的波场.为此建立了非均匀交错网格、加PML吸收边界的、能够用于正交各向异性介质的3维有限差分数值模拟方法和并行算法程序.将其应用于典型各向同性和各向异性地层中反射声波成像测井的三维波场模拟,并与已公开发表的应用离散波数方法的相应结果对比,证明了此方法正确、算法高效.模拟的波场动态范围能够大于60dB,计算速度比常规算法提高了3.5倍.这些技术能够正确、有效地模拟大尺度(在10m左右)、较高频率(10kHz左右)的反射声波成像测井波场.为我们研究声反射成像测井仪器和资料处理解释方法提供了有力的定量分析工具. 相似文献
11.
相对于常规砂岩,致密砂岩在岩石物理性质、力学性质等方面具有明显差异,并呈现出很强的非均质性.岩石物理模型能将储层参数与地震特性信息联系起来,因此可以作为致密砂岩储层参数与地震特性信息转换的桥梁.常规的岩石物理模型通常只考虑单一因素(例如非均匀性,单一孔隙,单一尺度等),建立的岩石物理模板并不适用于致密砂岩.本文针对高饱和气、微裂隙发育、非均质性强的致密砂岩储层,利用Voigt-Reuss-Hill模型计算混合矿物的弹性模量,采用微分等效介质(DEM)模型描述含裂隙、孔隙岩石的骨架弹性模量,基于Biot-Rayleigh波动方程构建了岩石物理弹性模板,给出了致密砂岩储层弹性参数与物性的关系.基于测井数据和实验数据对岩石物理弹性模板进行校正,并将校正后的岩石物理弹性模板结合叠前地震资料应用于川西地区储层孔隙度与裂隙含量预测.结果显示,反演裂隙含量、孔隙度与储层试气报告、测井孔隙度基本吻合,表明该模板能够较合理地应用于致密砂岩储层孔隙度及裂隙含量解释中. 相似文献
12.
凝灰质砂岩储层一直是测井评价中的难点.凝灰质的存在使储层的孔隙结构和物性变化都很大,其含量直接影响储层参数的求取,对储层饱和度的影响不容忽视.本文以海-塔盆地X凹陷的凝灰质砂岩储层为例进行测井评价研究.基于泥质和凝灰质的测井响应差异利用粒子群和细菌觅食的混合优化算法计算储层中两者的含量,然后通过阳离子交换量(CEC)的实验数据验证了凝灰质具有导电性,进而利用CEC与电阻率之间的关系得到凝灰质电阻率的计算方法,并且应用到饱和度的计算,最终得到了一种新的计算凝灰质砂岩储层饱和度的方法——CEC比值法,并取得了良好的应用效果. 相似文献
13.
岩石物理模板采用测井解释的各类岩性矿物骨架点值,选取适合该地区的岩石物理模型,模拟在不同储层组合、不同孔隙及不同饱和度情况下,储层岩石物理参数变化引起的储层测井参数及地球物理响应特征的变化,定量地建立起储层参数同地球物理弹性参数间的解释关系模版.本文根据新场JS42气藏储层参数分析结果,尝试性地将岩石物理解释模板应用于储层定量解释中,对储层高产气区、含水区域进行定量解释,并预测了该气藏的气水界面,该预测结果与实钻井测试情况吻合,证实了该方法的科学性. 相似文献
14.
Rui-Zhao Yang Zheng-Guang Zhao Wei-Jun Peng Yu-Bo Gu Zhan-Gang Wang Xi-Qin Zhuang 《应用地球物理》2013,10(2):157-169
The development of unconventional resources, such as shale gas and tight sand gas, requires the integration of multi-disciplinary knowledge to resolve many engineering problems in order to achieve economic production levels. The reservoir heterogeneity revealed by different data sets, such as 3D seismic and microseismic data, can more fully reflect the reservoir properties and is helpful to optimize the drilling and completion programs. First, we predict the local stress direction and open or close status of the natural fractures in tight sand reservoirs based on seismic curvature, an attribute that reveals reservoir heterogeneity and geomechanical properties. Meanwhile, the reservoir fracture network is predicted using an ant-tracking cube and the potential fracture barriers which can affect hydraulic fracture propagation are predicted by integrating the seismic curvature attribute and ant-tracking cube. Second, we use this information, derived from 3D seismic data, to assist in designing the fracture program and adjusting stimulation parameters. Finally, we interpret the reason why sand plugs will occur during the stimulation process by the integration of 3D seismic interpretation and microseismic imaging results, which further explain the hydraulic fracture propagation controlling factors and open or closed state of natural fractures in tight sand reservoirs. 相似文献
15.
Understanding fracture orientations is important for optimal field development of fractured reservoirs because fractures can act as conduits for fluid flow. This is especially true for unconventional reservoirs (e.g., tight gas sands and shale gas). Using walkaround Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) technology presents a unique opportunity to identify seismic azimuthal anisotropy for use in mapping potential fracture zones and their orientation around a borehole. Saudi Aramco recently completed the acquisition, processing and analysis of a walkaround VSP survey through an unconventional tight gas sand reservoir to help characterize fractures. In this paper, we present the results of the seismic azimuthal anisotropy analysis using seismic traveltime, shear‐wave splitting and amplitude attenuation. The azimuthal anisotropy results are compared to the fracture orientations derived from dipole sonic and image logs. The image log interpretation suggests that an orthorhombic fracture system is present. VSP data show that the P‐wave traveltime anisotropy direction is NE to SW. This is consistent with the cemented fractures from the image log interpretation. The seismic amplitude attenuation anisotropy direction is NW to SE. This is consistent with one of the two orientations obtained using transverse to radial amplitude ratio analysis, with the dipole sonic and with open fracture directions interpreted from image log data. 相似文献
16.
J. Hou 《Geophysical Prospecting》2002,50(5):453-462
The evaluation of coalbed methane reservoirs using log data is an important approach in the exploration and development of coalbed methane reservoirs. Most commonly, regression techniques, fuzzy recognition and neural networks have been used to evaluate coalbed methane reservoirs. It is known that a coalbed is an unusual reservoir. There are many difficulties in using regression methods and empirical qualitative recognition to evaluate a coalbed, but fuzzy recognition, such as the fuzzy comprehensive decision method, and neural networks, such as the back-propagation (BP) network, are widely used. However, there are no effective methods for computing weights for the fuzzy comprehensive decision method, and the BP algorithm is a local optimization algorithm, easily trapped in local minima, which significantly affect the results. In this paper, the recognition method for coal formations is developed; the improved fuzzy comprehensive decision method, which uses an optimization approach for computing weighted coefficients, is developed for the qualitative recognition of coalbed methane reservoirs. The homologous neural network, using a homologous learning algorithm, which is a global search optimization, is presented for the quantitative analysis of parameters for coalbed methane reservoirs. The applied procedures for these methods and some problems related to their application are also discussed. Verification of the above methods is made using log data from the coalbed methane testing area in North China. The effectiveness of the methods is demonstrated by the analysis of results for real log data. 相似文献
17.
在松辽盆地深层发现了含气火成岩储层。由于火成岩矿物组成复杂和含量的变化,使得选择用于测井评价的解释参数很困难。基于IUGS提出的QAPF分类方案,本文提出了采用遗传算法,利用测井数据确定火成岩矿物含量的方法。根据QAPF分类方案,将火成岩中的矿物分为五类:Q-石英;A-碱性长石;P-斜长石和方柱石;F-副长石(研究区未出现);M-铁镁矿物。本文提出用包括孔隙度在内的QAPM模型对储层进行分析。建立密度、视中子孔隙度、声波时差、自然伽玛和体积光电吸收截面指数的测井响应方程,各矿物参数从斯伦贝谢的矿物参数手册中得到。用遗传算法计算骨架中四种矿物的体积,根据四种矿物的体积含量,依据QAPF分类对火成岩命名。基于解释参数计算的孔隙度可与岩心分析的孔隙度相比,本文给出的火成岩命名与岩心化学分析的命名相一致。 相似文献
18.
含气饱和度预测是天然气储层地震解释工作的重要目标.本文将岩石物理分析与地震物理模拟技术相结合,构建了部分;饱和砂岩储层物理模型并进行含气饱和度预测分析.物理模型中设置了高孔渗常规砂岩和低孑孔渗致密砂岩两种模拟储层,每种储层都是由具有不同含水饱和度的气-水双相饱和砂体组成.岩石物理分析结果显示在低孔渗致密砂岩中气-水混合流体更加倾向于非均匀的斑块分布,而结合了Brie等效流体公式的Gassmann流体替换理论可以更准确地描述纵波速度随含水饱和度的变化趋势.对物理模型进行地震资料采集处理后,对比了AVO特征和叠前同步反演结果对两种砂岩储层含气饱和度预测能力的差异.AVO特征结果显示,对于混合流体均匀分布的高孔渗砂岩储层,AVO响应曲线和属性变化很难对含气饱和度进行估算;对于混合流体斑块分布的致密砂岩储层,AVO特征可以定性地分辨出储层是否为高、中、低含气情况.反演结果显示,密度及纵横波速度比分别对高孔渗及致密砂岩储层的含气饱和度有着较好的指示能力. 相似文献
19.
Many reservoirs around the world are being operated based on rule curves developed without considering the evacuation of deposited sediment. Current reservoir simulation and optimization models fall short of incorporating the concept of sustainability because the reservoir storage losses due to sedimentation are not considered. This study develops a new model called Reservoir Optimization‐Simulation with Sediment Evacuation (ROSSE) model. The model utilizes genetic algorithm based optimization capabilities and embeds the sediment evacuation module into the simulation module. The sediment evacuation module is implemented using the Tsinghua university flushing equation. The ROSSE model is applied to optimize the rule curves of Tarbela Reservoir, the largest reservoir in Pakistan with chronic sedimentation problems. In the present study, rule curves are optimized for maximization of net economic benefits from water released. The water released can be used for irrigation, power production, sediment evacuation, and for flood control purposes. Relative weights are used to combine the benefits from these conflicting water uses. Nine sets of rule curves are compared, namely existing rule curves and proposed rule curves for eight scenarios developed for various policy options. These optimized rule curves show an increase of net individual economic benefits ranging from 9 to 248% over the existing rule curves. The shortage of irrigation supply during the simulation period is reduced by 38% and reservoir sustainability is enhanced by 28% through increased sediment evacuation. The study concludes that by modifying the operating policy and rule curves, it is possible to enhance the reservoir's sustainability and maximize the net economic benefits. The developed methodology and the model can be used for optimization of rule curves of other reservoirs with sedimentation problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Evaluation of volcanic reservoirs with the “QAPM mineral model” using a genetic algorithm 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Gas-bearing volcanic reservoirs have been found in the deep Songliao Basin, China. Choosing proper interpretation parameters for log evaluation is difficult due to complicated mineral compositions and variable mineral contents. Based on the QAPF classification scheme given by IUGS, we propose a method to determine the mineral contents of volcanic rocks using log data and a genetic algorithm. According to the QAPF scheme, minerals in volcanic rocks are divided into five groups： Q（quartz）, A （Alkaline feldspar）, P （plagioclase）, M （mafic） and F （feldspathoid）. We propose a model called QAPM including porosity for the volumetric analysis of reservoirs. The log response equations for density, apparent neutron porosity, transit time, gamma ray and volume photoelectrical cross section index were first established with the mineral parameters obtained from the Schlumberger handbook of log mineral parameters. Then the volumes of the four minerals in the matrix were calculated using the genetic algorithm （GA）. The calculated porosity, based on the interpretation parameters, can be compared with core porosity, and the rock names given in the paper based on QAPF classification according to the four mineral contents are compatible with those from the chemical analysis of the core samples. 相似文献