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1.
生物礁是重要的自然资源,在全球气候变化与碳循环中扮演了重要角色.磁性地层学是建立年代框架的有效手段,但是,由于生物礁沉积物中天然剩磁强度弱,南海地区生物礁的磁性地层学研究尚未很好展开.为此,本文利用西沙群岛西科1井乐东组生物礁沉积样品进行了详细的岩石磁学和磁性地层学研究.结果显示,西沙群岛乐东组记录了布容正极性时、奥杜维尔正极性时和松山负极性时.通过对比已有的钻孔资料,本文认为应基于岩石地层特征这一标准将西沙地区的乐东组埋深予以统一.在此基础上,综合磁性地层与~(230)Th定年结果,本文将乐东组的底界限定在~2.0 Ma. 相似文献
2.
磁性地层学是界定沉积物地质年代的一种重要方法,该方法的应用建立在沉积物记录了可靠的特征剩磁基础上.红层的磁性地层年代学研究对于我国华南地区晚中生代以来古环境、古气候的演化具有极为重要的意义.但是,目前对于红层古地磁可靠性的解释存在广泛的争议,为更好地理解并尝试解决具体红层剖面的古地磁可靠性问题,迫切需要综合岩石磁学和其他非磁学手段对沉积物中的载磁矿物性质进行系统厘定.本文通过对赣南地区两个典型晚白垩纪红层剖面(信丰XF剖面和留车LC剖面)进行详细的岩石磁学分析,并结合扫描电镜和沉积相特征,判定出磁性矿物以赤铁矿为主,含有少量针铁矿、磁赤铁矿和磁铁矿.其中,赤铁矿是最主要的剩磁载体,且与钛铁矿共存,综合磁学与非磁学结果判定其记录了原生的沉积剩磁.在获得了可靠的古地磁信息基础上,结合前人对该区域生物地层学和年代学研究并与邻区地层比对,初步判断出LC剖面与XF剖面地质年代分别为晚白垩纪早期Cenomian期和晚白垩纪晚期Maastrichtian期.XF剖面依据ESR测年、南雄盆地地层比对和沉积相的判断,地层极性时段初步界定为C30n,即68.196~66.398 Ma,这为进一步探讨该地区的古环境和古气候演化提供了可参考的年龄标尺. 相似文献
3.
前人对南海现代环礁的研究已经非常系统和深入,但对古环礁及其沉积体系的研究却很少涉及．本文利用高分辨二维地震数据,在西沙海域发现了3个晚中新世环礁体系,分别命名为A,B及C．这3个环礁体系均发育于由断层控制的地垒之上,由环礁礁体、点礁、礁前斜坡及漏湖沉积组成．在层序地层格架下,利用礁前斜坡沉积是否发育来判定这3个环礁体系的淹没史．环礁体系A上的大型环礁礁体一直发育至第四纪才被淹没,而环礁体系B及C在上新世均被淹没．晚中新世,研究区内环礁体系发育最为广泛和完整,表明晚中新世是西沙海域造礁生物最为繁盛的时期,这与ODP184航次钻探结果相一致;上新世是研究区内一个重要的生物礁淹没期,环礁体系B及C全部被淹没于海水之下,半远洋沉积开始占据优势;第四纪是研究区内另一个生物礁淹没期,环礁体系A上的两个大型环礁最终被淹没于海底之下,半远洋沉积开始覆盖填平晚中新世形成的环礁体系．环礁的生长与淹没长期来看主要受构造沉降控制,而全球海平面升降在短期的某一时段内也会产生影响． 相似文献
4.
塔里木盆地的高分辨率沉积记录对于理解青藏高原隆升、亚洲内陆干旱化乃至全球气候变化至关重要.建立可靠的地层年代标尺对于研究塔里木盆地晚新生代沉积环境演化、构造运动及古气候变化具有重要意义.本文对塔里木盆地东北缘库尔勒地区的两个全取心钻孔ZK3（深500 m）、ZK5（深300 m）进行详细的磁性地层学研究，结果表明，ZK3孔中更新统底界为54.8 m，下更新统底界为167.0 m，上新统底界为432.0 m，钻孔底部年龄约为6.2 Ma，属上中新统上部；ZK5孔中更新统底界为64.7 m，下更新统底界为241.5 m，钻孔底部年龄约为3.2 Ma，属上上新统.基于上述磁性地层年代标尺，通过沉积速率分析发现ZK3孔在3.0—3.6 Ma之间沉积速率明显增大，反映了塔里木盆地北部天山在此期间的快速隆升.通过东西部多个盆地地质剖面沉积速率的对比分析发现，这期构造活动在区域上具有准同期活动特征，在时代上与晚中新世以来青藏高原快速隆升的时代一致，可能与青藏高原的隆升扩展效应有关. 相似文献
5.
本文对陇中盆地会宁含小哺乳动物化石的关公滩剖面河湖相沉积序列进行了详细的岩石磁学和磁性地层学研究，磁化率各向异性结果表明关公滩剖面沉积物记录了典型的原生沉积组构，沉积物沉积以后几乎没有受到后期的扰动.最大磁化率主轴方向与现今的古水流流向基本一致，表明区域西高东低的地貌至少在中更新世早期已经形成.磁滞回线、等温剩磁获得曲线的矫顽力谱分析、三轴等温剩磁退磁曲线等岩石磁学结果显示：关公滩剖面河湖相沉积物的磁性矿物有磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿，其中磁铁矿和赤铁矿是主要的剩磁载体，但其特征剩磁载体以赤铁矿为主.系统退磁结果显示，在大部分样品中，磁铁矿和赤铁矿均记录了几乎相同的特征剩磁的方向，整个剖面呈现单一的正极性.另外，关公滩剖面底部河湖相沉积物中产出丰富的小哺乳动物牙齿化石，经初步研究包括复齿鼠兔（Ochotonoides complicidens）、丁氏鼢鼠（Myospalax tingi）、方氏鼢鼠（Myospalax fontanieri）、变异仓鼠（Cricetinus varians）、大林姬鼠（Cricetinus varians）、复齿旱獭（Marmota complicidens）等六个种类，其中丁氏鼢鼠和复齿鼠兔是相对原始的种类，其时代跨越早更新世至中更新世早期，其他都是我国北方中、晚更新世常见的种类，该小哺乳动物化石组合性质表明其时代很可能为中更新世早期.因此，综合磁性地层学和小哺乳动物生物年代学结果，关公滩剖面记录了布容正极性时的沉积，剖面底部堆积及其哺乳动物群的时代应为中更新世早期. 相似文献
6.
含钾盐地层年代学认识不清楚,是造成特提斯构造域东南端大型钾盐矿成矿模式和机制存在争议的主要原因之一.为此,文章针对云南思茅盆地南部江城剖面含钾盐地层勐野井组开展了详细的磁性地层和碎屑锆石UPb年代学研究.剖面总厚度932m,共采集了948个古地磁定向岩心和4件碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学样品.利用系统热退磁法分离出了857个有效特征剩磁方向,倒转检验、褶皱检验和岩相学分析表明其可能为原生剩磁方向.这些特征剩磁方向揭示出剖面含有七个正极性带(N1-N7)和七个负极性带(R1-R7),可与国际标准极性柱(GPTS2012)的极性期C27r~C34n对比,揭示勐野井组地层的沉积年代序列为>112至~63Ma,不同于传统认为的勐野井组等同于呵叻含钾盐地层的中下部.对比分析显示,思茅盆地与邻区呵叻盆地含钾盐地层年代仅部分重叠,前者至少要比后者早开始沉积20Ma,不同于传统认为的勐野井组等同于呵叻含钾盐地层的中下部.结合古地理和古气候环境分析,思茅与呵叻盆地在白垩纪可能属于统一泛盆地.因此,~85Ma呵叻盆地大型钾盐矿沉积的时段也可能是思茅盆地另一个重要的潜在成钾时段. 相似文献
7.
云南元谋盆地含古猿化石层古地磁年龄及古生物学意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
云南元谋盆地含古猿化石剖面磁性地层学研究表明, 小河剖面记录了Cande-Kent95古地磁年表中的C3Br.1n, C3Br.1r, C3Br.2n, C3Br.2r, C4n.1n, C4n.1r, C4n.2n和C4n.2r 8个极性段, 地层应当归属中新世晚期. 该剖面有两个主要含古猿化石层, 下层(剖面第1层)记录了C4n.2r下部, 古地磁年龄约8.2~8.1 Ma; 上层(剖面第16层)记录了C3Br.1n, 古地磁年龄约7.2~7.15 Ma. 该剖面古猿化石古地磁年龄约为8.2~7.15 Ma. 雷老剖面记录了Cande-Kent95古地磁年表中的C3Br, C3Br.1n, C3Br.1r, C3Br.2n, C3Br.2r, C4n.1n, C4n.1r, C4n.2n, C4n.2r, C4n.3n和C4n.3r 11个极性段, 地层应当归属中新世晚期. 该剖面也有两个主要含古猿化石层, 下层(剖面第3层)记录了C4n.2r, 古地磁年龄约8.2~8.1 Ma; 上层(剖面第19层)记录了C3Br中部, 古地磁年龄约7.15~7.1 Ma, 雷老剖面古猿化石古地磁年龄约为8.2~7.1 Ma. 小河剖面与雷老剖面记录的沉积环境极为相似, 两个剖面的古猿化石年龄相当, 下古猿化石层古地磁年龄约8.1~8.2 Ma, 上化石层古地磁年龄约7.2~7.1 Ma. 这可能反映了在雷老盆地与小河盆地生活的古猿有统一的活动范围. 该区域大约在8.00~7.00 MaBP间始终有古猿活动. 相似文献
8.
浙江白垩系的深化研究与新进展 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
根据岩石地层学,生物地层学和年代地层学资料,将浙江省陆相白垩系划分为３统,５群７组,并将其所含化石划分为建德,永康,衢江三修各,以综合地层学手段研究了白垩系的区域地层对比框架。在多学科综合研究,特别是在对一些岩石地层成因机制进行深层次研究的基础上,对浙江白垩系主要的关键性,疑难性地层问题,提出了一些新的认识：（１）“墉中组”底部砾岩为与火山爆发有成因联系的湖泊重力流沉积,并非底砾岩,因而“天台群” 相似文献
9.
羌塘盆地是中国海相中一上侏罗统最为发育的地区.本文对采自北羌塘盆地雁石坪地区侏罗系雁石坪群的沉积岩样品开展了系统热退磁和岩石磁学研究,其结果表明,中侏罗统雀莫错组(上、下段)主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿和赤铁矿;布曲组的主要磁性矿物是细颗粒磁铁矿;夏里组磁性矿物以磁铁矿为主;上侏罗统索瓦组以磁铁矿为主要载磁矿物.布曲组NRM远远高于其余各组(平均值为2.2×10~(-4)A/m)、索瓦组NRM次之(平均值为4.4×10~(-5)A/m)、雀莫错组和夏里组样品的NRM基本相当(平均值为2.2~2.4×10~(-5)A/m).本文认为细颗粒磁铁矿含量的增加可能是布曲组的NRM平均值远远高于索瓦组的主要原因,并且自生磁性矿(如针铁矿、铁的硫化物等)可能是引起布曲组、索瓦组NRM大于的雀莫错组和夏里组的原因之一.通过本研究与古水深和沉积相变化的对比分析,认为雁石坪地区中-上侏罗统磁性矿物组合变化主要受该区沉积环境变化的控制.本研究首次系统报道了羌塘盆地侏罗系雁石坪群各组的磁性矿物组成和组合规律,这将为羌塘盆地侏罗纪高精度磁性地层年代序列的建立以及特提斯沉积一构造演化等研究提供重要的依据. 相似文献
10.
11.
The inversion of density structure by graphic processing unit (GPU) and identification of igneous rocks in Xisha area 
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下载免费PDF全文 Organic reefs, the targets of deep-water petroleum exploration, developed widely in Xisha area. However, there are concealed igneous rocks undersea, to which organic rocks have nearly equal wave impedance. So the igneous rocks have become interference for future exploration by having similar seismic reflection characteristics. Yet, the density and magnetism of organic reefs are very different from igneous rocks. It has obvious advantages to identify organic reefs and igneous rocks by gravity and magnetic data. At first, frequency decomposition was applied to the free-air gravity anomaly in Xisha area to obtain the 2D subdivision of the gravity anomaly and magnetic anomaly in the vertical direction. Thus, the distribution of igneous rocks in the horizontal direction can be acquired according to high-frequency field, low-frequency field, and its physical properties. Then, 3D forward modeling of gravitational field was carried out to establish the density model of this area by reference to physical properties of rocks based on former researches. Furthermore, 3D inversion of gravity anomaly by genetic algorithm method of the graphic processing unit (GPU) parallel processing in Xisha target area was applied, and 3D density structure of this area was obtained. By this way, we can confine the igneous rocks to the certain depth according to the density of the igneous rocks. The frequency decomposition and 3D inversion of gravity anomaly by genetic algorithm method of the GPU parallel processing proved to be a useful method for recognizing igneous rocks to its 3D geological position. So organic reefs and igneous rocks can be identified, which provide a prescient information for further exploration. 相似文献
12.
The inversion of density structure by graphic processing unit （GPU） and identification of igneous rocks in Xisha area 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Organic reefs, the targets of deep-water petroleum exploration, developed widely in Xisha area. However, there are concealed igneous rocks undersea, to which organic rocks have nearly equal wave impedance. So the igneous rocks have become interference for future exploration by having similar seismic reflection characteristics. Yet, the density and magnetism of organic reefs are very different from igneous rocks. It has obvious advantages to identify organic reefs and igneous rocks by gravity and magnetic data. At first, frequency decomposition was applied to the free-air gravity anomaly in Xisha area to obtain the 2D subdivision of the gravity anomaly and magnetic anomaly in the vertical direction. Thus, the distribution of igneous rocks in the horizontal direction can be acquired according to high-frequency field, low-frequency field, and its physical properties. Then, 3D forward modeling of gravitational field was carried out to establish the density model of this area by reference to physical properties of rocks based on former researches. Furthermore, 3D inversion of gravity anomaly by genetic algorithm method of the graphic processing unit(GPU) parallel processing in Xisha target area was applied, and 3D density structure of this area was obtained. By this way, we can confine the igneous rocks to the certain depth according to the density of the igneous rocks. The frequency decomposition and 3D inversion of gravity anomaly by genetic algorithm method of the GPU parallel processing proved to be a useful method for recognizing igneous rocks to its 3D geological position. So organic reefs and igneous rocks can be identified, which provide a prescient information for further exploration. 相似文献
13.
The ages of polarity chrons in previous M-sequence magnetic polarity time scales were interpolated using basal sediment ages in suitably drilled DSDP holes. This method is subject to several sources of error, including often large paleontological age ranges. Magnetostratigraphic results have now tied the Early Cretaceous and Late Jurassic paleontological stage boundaries to the M-sequence of magnetic polarity. The numeric ages of most of these boundaries are inadequately known and some have been determined largely by intuition. An examination of relevant data suggests that 114 Ma, 136 Ma and 146 Ma are optimum estimates for the ages of the Aptian/Barremian, Cretaceous/Jurassic and Kimmeridgian/Oxfordian stage boundaries, respectively. Each of these boundaries has a good correlation to the M-sequence of magnetic reversals. The magnetostratigraphic tie-level ages are linearly related to the spreading distance and have been used to calculate a new magnetic polarity time scale for the Early Cretaceous and Late Jurassic. All stage boundaries in this time interval were correlated by magnetic stratigraphy to the proposed new time scale which was then used to estimate their numeric ages. These are, with the approximate relative errors of placement within the M-sequence:The absolute errors of these interpolated stage boundary ages depend on the accuracy of the tie-level ages. 相似文献
14.
WeiLin Zhu XiNong Xie ZhenFeng Wang DaoJun Zhang ChengLi Zhang LiCheng Cao Lei Shao 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,60(12):2214-2222
The study of basement geochronology provides crucial insights into the tectonic evolution of oceans. However, early studies on the basement of the Xisha Uplift were constrained by limited geophysical and seismic data; Xiyong1 was the only commercial borehole drilled during the 1970 s because of the huge thickness of overlying Cenozoic strata on the continental margin. Utilizing two newly-acquired basement samples from borehole XK1, we present petrological analysis and zircon uranium(U)-lead(Pb) isotope dating data in this paper that enhance our understanding of the formation and tectonic features of the Xisha Uplift basement. Results indicate that this basement is composed of Late Jurassic amphibole plagiogneisses that have an average zircon 206 Pb/238 U age of 152.9±1.7 Ma. However, the youngest age of these rocks, 137±1 Ma, also suggests that metamorphism termination within the Xisha basement occurred by the Early Cretaceous. These metamorphic rocks have adamellites underneath them which were formed by magmatic intrusions during the late stage of the Early Cretaceous(107.8±3.6 Ma). Thus, in contrast to the Precambrian age(bulk rubidium(Rb)-strontium(Sr) analysis, 627 Ma) suggested by previous work on the nearby Xiyong1 borehole, zircons from XK1 are likely the product of Late Mesozoic igneous activity. Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous regional metamorphism and granitic intrusions are not confined to Xisha; rocks have also been documented from areas including the Pearl River Mouth Basin and the Nansha Islands(Spratly Islands) and thus are likely closely related to large-scale and long-lasting subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate underneath the continental margins of East Asia, perhaps the result of closure of the Meso-Tethys in the South China Sea(SCS). Controversies remain as to whether, or not, the SCS region developed initially on a uniform Precambrian-aged metamorphic crystalline basement. It is clear, however, that by this time both Mesozoic compressive subduction and Cenozoic rifting and extension had significantly modified the original basement of the SCS region. 相似文献
15.
Nils Lenhardt Harald Böhnel Klaus Wemmer Ignacio S. Torres-Alvarado Jens Hornung Matthias Hinderer 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2010,72(7):817-832
The volcaniclastic Tepoztlán Formation (TF) represents an important rock record to unravel the early evolution of the Transmexican
Volcanic Belt (TMVB). Here, a depositional model together with a chronostratigraphy of this Formation is presented, based
on detailed field observations together with new geochronological, paleomagnetic, and petrological data. The TF consists predominantly
of deposits from pyroclastic density currents and extensive epiclastic products such as tuffaceous sandstones, conglomerates
and breccias, originating from fluvial and mass flow processes, respectively. Within these sediments fall deposits and lavas
are sparsely intercalated. The clastic material is almost exclusively of volcanic origin, ranging in composition from andesite
to rhyolite. Thick gravity-driven deposits and large-scale alluvial fan environments document the buildup of steep volcanic
edifices. K-Ar and Ar-Ar dates, in addition to eight magnetostratigraphic sections and lithological correlations served to
construct a chronostratigraphy for the entire Tepoztlán Formation. Correlation of the 577 m composite magnetostratigraphic
section with the Cande and Kent (1995) Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS) suggests that this section represents the time
intervall 22.8–18.8 Ma (6Bn.1n-5Er; Aquitanian-Burdigalian, Lower Miocene). This correlation implies a deposition of the TF
predating the extensive effusive activity in the TMVB at 12 Ma and is therefore interpreted to represent its initial phase
with predominantly explosive activity. Additionally, three subdivisions of the TF were established, according to the dominant
mode of deposition: (1) the fluvial dominated Malinalco Member (22.8–22.2 Ma), (2) the volcanic dominated San Andrés Member
(22.2–21.3 Ma) and (3) the mass flow dominated Tepozteco Member (21.3–18.8 Ma). 相似文献
16.
Modern atolls have been studied systematically and thoroughly in the South China Sea.However,the knowledge of a paleo-atoll and related sedimentary system is very limited.Here we used the newly acquired high resolution 2D seismic data,and discovered three late Miocene atoll systems in the offshore Xisha Islands for the first time.We named them atoll system A,B,C,respectively.These three atoll systems,all developed on the horsts dominated by normal fault,consist mainly of atoll reefs,patch reefs,fore-reef slope deposits,and lagoons.On the basis of the interpreted sequence stratigraphic framework and the identification of fore-reef slope deposits,we suggested only the atoll system A continued to grow until Quaternary,and both of atoll system B and C had been drowned in Pliocene.In late Miocene,the atoll systems in the study area were most developed,either in magnitude or in maturity,which indicated late Miocene was the most flourishing period of reef builders,and this was in accordance with the drilling result of ODP Leg 184 in the South China Sea.Pliocene was an important reef drowning period in the study area,and both atoll systems B and C were drowned and hemipelagic deposits prevailed gradually.Quaternary was another reef drowning period in the study area,two large atoll reefs grown on the atoll system A were finally drowned,and hemipelagic deposits begun to drape and fill the palaeo-atoll systems.The growth and drowning of atolls are controlled mainly by tectonic subsidence in long term,but global eustatic can impact it in short term also. 相似文献
17.
Models of geomagnetic reversals as a stochastic or gamma renewal process have generally been tested for the Heirtzler et al. [1] magnetic polarity time scale which has subsequently been superseded. Examination of newer time scales shows that the mean reversal frequency is dominated in the Cenozoic and Late Cretaceous by a linearly increasing trend on which a rhythmic fluctuation is superposed. Subdivision into two periods of stationary behavior is no longer warranted. The distribution of polarity intervals is visibly not Poissonian but lacks short intervals. The LaBrecque et al. [2] polarity time scale shows the positions of 57 small-wavelength marine magnetic anomalies which may represent short polarity chrons. After adding these short events the distribution of all polarity intervals in the age range 0–40 Myr is stationary and does not differ significantly from a Poisson distribution. A strong asymmetry develops in which normal polarity chrons are Poisson distributed but reversed polarity chrons are gamma distributed with indexk = 2. This asymmetry is of opposite sense to previous suggestions and results from the unequal distribution of the short polarity chrons which are predominantly of positive polarity and concentrated in the Late Cenozoic. If short-wavelength anomalies arise from polarity chrons, the geomagnetic field may be more stable in one polarity than the other. Alternative explanations of the origin of short-wavelength marine magnetic anomalies cast doubt on the inclusion of them as polarity chrons, however. The observed behavior of reversal frequency suggests that core processes governing geomagnetic reversals possess a long-term memory. 相似文献
18.
南海的海岛、海山等地貌单元的地球物理研究对于南海成因、海岛利用、资源问题和我国海防建设均具有重要意义.过去我国的南海海洋实际测量资料覆盖面小,且多数为测线调查,海底地形测量精度和重磁等测量精度较低,因此,一直无法得到精度较高的研究成果.本文利用半个多世纪我国在南海历年的多波束、重力、磁力等船载海洋实际地球物理调查资料,加上少数卫星、航空测量成果,得到能够覆盖南海全部海域的多波束、重力、磁力实际测量的地球物理基础数据.追溯南海周边的地磁台站与当年调查时间匹配的日变数据,重新校正历年磁力测量成果,并利用"十一五"863国家海洋高科技计划的处理、拼合技术,获得了南海海底地形、重力、磁力三方互为印证的可靠地球物理成果,为海岛海山的地球物理研究奠定基础.研究发现,南海海岛海山按其地球物理性质并结合现有的岩石物性资料,可以分为三大类:1)南海大部分海岛海山为空间重力异常值高、正磁力ΔZ⊥异常值也高的高密度高磁性的双高海山,以基性喷出岩(玄武岩)为主;2)空间重力异常值高、磁力ΔZ⊥异常值低的海山,以花岗岩、变质岩为主;3)空间重力异常值高、部分磁力ΔZ⊥异常值高部分低的海山,可能是花岗岩、变质岩海山的部分区域出现火山喷发形成的. 海山的分布有规律,与南海的成因与南海块体的分异状态有关. 相似文献
19.
New contributions to Chinese Plio-Pleistocene magnetostratigraphy 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
Hongbo Zheng Zisheng An John Shaw 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1992,70(3-4):146-153
A new collection of over 500 orientated hand-samples (of which 180 are red clays) from a 195 m loess/red clay section near Xian (109° 12′ E, 34° 12′ N), China, has been dated by magnetic stratigraphy. Biostratigraphic and previous magnetostratigraphic investigations gave a maximum age for the Chinese loess of 2.4 Ma, implying that the underlying Red Clay Formation is Pliocene in age. The present study yields a clearly defined magnetic polarity stratigraphy in good agreement with a polarity time scale developed by earlier workers. An interpretation of this magnetostratigraphy suggests a basal age for the loess series in this region of 2.5 Ma, and a minimum age for the base of the Red Clay Formation, which is also the base of the section, of 5.0 Ma. 相似文献