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1.
《地震工程与工程振动》2017,(6)
本文选取两栋高层剪力墙结构住宅工程案例,采用ETABS软件分析并讨论了高层剪力墙结构中安装位移型钢滞变阻尼器连梁进行消能减震设计的几个关键问题。以阻尼器刚度、设计极限位移、附加阻尼比等参数为基本参量,以层间位移角和层间剪力为减震效果优劣评价指标,对比研究了阻尼器空间布设位置和数量变化对结构地震反应的影响规律。验证了阻尼器刚度参数变化影响结构主振周期变化,进一步影响层间剪力减震效果;阻尼器设计极限位移参数变化引起结构整体耗能能力变化,即阻尼器的设置增加了结构附加阻尼比尤其是大震附加阻尼比,使结构大震作用下的层间位移反应得到有效控制。给出了如下设计建议:当在高层剪力墙结构中采用消能连梁进行消能减震设计时,应尽可能将阻尼器布置在受力较大的连梁位置处,并使阻尼器的设计屈服位移和极限位移分别与结构设计弹性层间位移和弹塑性层间位移相匹配。在设计过程中应通过调整阻尼器刚度尽可能延长消能减震结构的基本振动周期,优化阻尼器布设位置和数量,最大限度地增大阻尼器对结构的附加阻尼比贡献,达到显著降低结构地震反应的目的。 相似文献
2.
林剑 《地震工程与工程振动》2015,(2):181-186
研究采用阻尼器对连体高层结构的地震响应进行振动控制。首先从结构动力方程出发,推导了在主塔与连廊之间设置有黏滞阻尼器的有控结构的基本振动控制方程;进而通过数值模拟,以某实际工程为原型,尝试将连廊与主塔间的斜撑利用黏滞阻尼器进行替换,分别在不同地震激励下比较了有控结构和无控结构的地震响应。分析结果表明,采用黏滞阻尼器可以有效降低结构的层剪力、结构位移、加速度等地震响应;同时能量分析的结果也表明本文采用的减振方案在不同地震激励下都可以有效耗散地震能量,由此得出结论采用黏滞阻尼器提高连体高层结构的抗震安全性是可行的。 相似文献
3.
《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(2)
为了解决结构层间位移过小对阻尼器性能发挥的影响,依据机械原理,应用齿轮机构,提出了1种新型具位移放大机制的流体黏滞阻尼器,然后根据幂律流体的本构关系,推导了阻尼器力学模型并分析了其耗能减震能力,结果表明该阻尼器耗能能力可放大λ~(1.2)~λ~2倍,其中λ为大小齿轮的直径比。最后选择一12层钢筋混凝土框架结构,分别按不安装黏滞阻尼器、安装普通黏滞阻尼器和安装位移放大2倍黏滞阻尼器3种工况进行多遇和罕遇水准下的时程分析,分析结果表明:安装黏滞阻尼器结构的层间位移角均有不同程度的减小,位移放大2倍黏滞阻尼器减震效果优于位移未放大的黏滞阻尼器,多遇地震水准下的减震效果好于罕遇地震水准下的减震效果;安装位移放大黏滞阻尼器,对顶层的加速度控制效果较其它楼层的好,对层间位移的控制效果好于对加速度的控制效果。 相似文献
4.
为了验证提出的新型筒式自复位形状记忆合金阻尼器(telescopic recentering shape memory al-loy damper,TRSMAD)对结构平动-扭转耦联振动反应的抑制作用,进行了偏心结构消能减震体系的振动台试验。设计了一个1/4缩尺的三层两跨单向偏心的钢框架模型,将提出的新型SMA阻尼器安装在结构底层的一侧,通过振动台分别对无控条件下和装有阻尼器的有控条件下的结构反应进行了研究。试验结果表明:(1)在各地震波作用下,TRSMAD对结构的平动反应有很好控制效果,而对结构各层扭转角位移的控制效果稍低;(2)不同地震波下的控制效果有所不同:对结构的平动位移而言,天津波的减震率最高,El Centro波次之,最后为Taft波;对结构扭转角的控制,平均而言,除了天津波作用下第二层为特例外,对El Centro波的减震效果最好,其次为Taft波,最后为天津波;(3)同一地震波下,阻尼器对结构模型一层的位移控制效果较其他层为优。 相似文献
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本文采用半主动控制方法对非对称结构在地震作用下的平动-扭转耦合振动控制进行了研究。首先建立了非对称结构的平动-扭转耦合振动方程和状态空间方程;然后以磁流变(MR)阻尼器为控制装置,结合线性二次型最优控制、最优控制算法和限幅控制策略,提出了基于MR阻尼器的半主动控制方法;最后对半主动控制方法对非对称结构地震反应的控制效果进行了计算分析。结果表明,半主动控制方法可以对非对称结构的水平位移、扭转位移和加速度反应都产生明显的控制效果,适当下调控制力需求时,不会导致控制效果的等比下降,降低MR阻尼器可调控制力上限后,可以减小阻尼器尺寸,便于其在工程实际中的应用。 相似文献
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多维地震作用下偏心结构的磁流变阻尼器半主动控制 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
理论研究与震害经验表明,地震时结构会产生不可忽略的平动与扭转耦合的空间振动。本文提出了基于线性最优控制理论的部分状态反馈次优控制策略和基于遗传算法的控制策略,以Marlab和Simulink为平台,采用磁流变阻尼器对双向水平地震作用下的偏心结构平．扭耦联反应进行半主动控制。对-6层双向偏心框架结构进行控制效果仿真分析的结果证明,本文提出的2种控制策略是有效的。 相似文献
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为了研究新型电磁惯性质量阻尼器(Electromagnetic Inertial Mass Damper,EIMD)应用于偏心高层结构振动控制工程的可行性,鉴于半主动控制技术的优点,基于LQR主动控制算法,提出一种可行的EIMD-偏心高层结构半主动控制策略,同时研究EIMD在结构每层中安装位置不同对于控制偏心高层结构扭转反应的影响。以一个实体24层偏心高层结构作为研究对象验证地震作用下所提控制策略的有效性,仿真结果表明:(1)所提半主动控制策略基本能够达到主动控制对于结构振动反应分量的控制效果;(2)当采用半主动控制策略时,调整EIMD的安装位置对于偏心高层结构转角和转角加速度反应有着较好的控制效果。 相似文献
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利用形状记忆合金(SMA)材料的超弹性,本文提出了一种放大位移型SMA阻尼器,建立了装有该阻尼器的框架有限元模型并对该框架的地震反应实施了模拟减震控制。分不安装阻尼器、安装不放大位移阻尼器和安装放大2倍层间位移阻尼器三种工况,输入El Centro和Taft地震动,对比研究了阻尼器的减震控制效果。分析结果表明:(1)放大位移型SMA阻尼器的控制效果优于不放大位移型SMA阻尼器;(2)该放大位移型SMA阻尼器对位移的控制效果优于对加速度的控制效果。 相似文献
10.
相对传统结构,自复位墙结构在地震作用下具有更大的变形能力且几乎无残余位移,但其耗能能力较弱,需采用附加阻尼来增加整体耗能.目前,金属阻尼器已广泛用于自复位墙结构,其可显著减小结构大震下的地震响应,但小震下的位移和加速度减震效果不佳.因此,将小变形下即可耗能的黏弹性阻尼器应用于自复位墙结构中.设计一幢10层自复位墙结构,分别采用黏弹性阻尼器和 U 型金属阻尼器作为附加耗能构件,通过弹塑性时程分析对比采用两种耗能机制的结构地震响应.结果表明,黏弹性阻尼器可显著减小自复位墙结构在小震下的位移和加速度响应;U 型金属阻尼器在中震下开始耗能,在大震和巨震下,其减震效果会超越黏弹性阻尼器.因此,为进一步优化自复位墙结构在不同水准地震作用下的抗震性能,建议结合阻尼器的特点进行合理设计. 相似文献
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Robust performance of hysteretic dampers, used in controlling mid‐rise buildings, against change of earthquake characteristics is investigated in this paper. A shear type ten‐storey building incorporating hysteretic dampers is studied as a model under the assumption of elastic perfectly plastic behavior for inelastic frame and damper deformations. An energy‐based damper performance index is used to evaluate damper overall efficiency. Thirty‐five earthquake records are applied and the damper strength is optimized for each earthquake record to obtain the maximum performance index or the damper efficiency. Based on the obtained numerical results it is found that, besides the effect of maximum energy input on damper efficiency, other time‐dependant properties such as energy‐based effective duration and earthquake dominant period have great influence on the damper efficiency. A factor (α), which represents the combined effect of maximum energy input, effective duration and dominant earthquake period, is also derived for the prediction of damper efficiency. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
This paper presents an experimental study on the performance of a shear-sliding stud-type damper composed of multiple friction units with high-tension bolts and disc springs. A numerical evaluation of the response reduction effects achieved by the stud-type damper is also presented. In dynamic loading tests, the behavior of stud-type multiunit friction damper specimens was investigated. Three different full-scale damper specimens, which were composed of five, six, or seven friction units with two or four sliding surfaces, were incorporated into loading devices for testing. The stud-type friction dampers demonstrated stable rigid-plastic hysteresis loops without any remarkable decrease in the sliding force even when subjected to repetitive loading, in addition to showing no unstable behavior such as lateral buckling. The damper produced a total sliding force approximately proportional to the number of sliding surfaces and friction units. The total sliding force of the stud-type damper can thus be estimated by summing the contributions of each friction unit. In an earthquake response simulation, the control effects achieved by stud-type dampers incorporated into an analytical high-rise building model under various input waves, including long-period, long-duration and pulse-like ground motions, were evaluated. A satisfactory response reduction was obtained by installing the developed stud-type dampers into the main frame without negatively impacting usability and convenience in terms of building planning. 相似文献
13.
基于带粘弹性阻尼器钢框架结构振动台试验,提出了基于OpenSees的阻尼器尺寸选择方法。首先,通过试验获得一种特定尺寸阻尼器的滞回曲线,根据粘弹性阻尼器相似理论,将其转换为一系列不同尺寸的阻尼器滞回曲线。使用Bouc-Wen模型对它们进行参数识别并添加到结构分析模型中,利用OpenSees软件对添加阻尼器结构和纯框架结构进行不同水准的3条地震波下动力时程分析。最后,通过综合考查阻尼器的减震效果和最大应变来确定合适的用于振动台试验当中的阻尼器尺寸。结果表明,本方法可避免对不同尺寸阻尼器逐个进行性能试验,Bouc-Wen模型可较准确地模拟阻尼器力学性能,OpenSees非线性动力时程分析可准确模拟试验过程,根据提出的选择指标能简单方便地确定阻尼器的尺寸。 相似文献
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在大震或特大震下，黏滞阻尼器可能因某个极限状态的出现而发生破坏。现有在斜拉桥上设置黏滞阻尼器的研究多集中在阻尼器的参数优化上，很少考虑到阻尼器失效对斜拉桥抗震性能的影响。针对这一问题，以某三塔斜拉桥为背景，利用OpenSees平台建立斜拉桥有限元模型和可以考虑承载力及行程极限的黏滞阻尼器模型；分析黏滞阻尼器的阻尼系数和阻尼指数对斜拉桥地震响应的影响，确定阻尼器参数的取值；对不安装阻尼器、安装不考虑极限状态及考虑极限状态阻尼器等多种工况的斜拉桥进行非线性时程分析，对比各工况斜拉桥的地震响应。分析结果表明，在大震下，考虑极限状态阻尼器的耗能能力及减震效果将显著降低；不考虑阻尼器达到极限状态后失效的情况将高估耗能减震设计斜拉桥的抗震能力。 相似文献
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Adding dampers is a commonly adopted seismic risk mitigation strategy for modern buildings, and the corresponding design procedure of dampers has been well established by the Chinese Building Code. Even though all types of dampers are designed by the same procedure, actual seismic performance of the building may differ from one to the others. In this study, a nine-story benchmark steel building is established, and three different and typical types of dampers are designed according to the Chinese Building Code to realize structural vibration control under strong earthquake excitation. The seismic response of the prototype building equipped with a viscoelastic damper, viscous damper and buckling-restrained brace(BRB) subjected to 10 earthquake records are calculated, and Incremental Dynamic Analysis(IDA) is performed to describe progressive damage of the structure under increasing earthquake intensity. In the perspective of fragility, it shows that the viscoelastic damper has the highest collapse margin ratio(CMR), and the viscous damper provides the best drift control. Both the BRB and viscoelastic dampers can effectively reduce the floor acceleration responses in the mid-rise building. 相似文献
16.
Lyan‐Ywan Lu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(5):647-668
In this paper a predictive control method especially suitable for the control of semi‐active friction dampers is proposed. By keeping the adjustable slip force of a semi‐active friction damper slightly lower than the critical friction force, the method allows the damper to remain in its slip state throughout an earthquake of arbitrary intensity, so the energy dissipation capacity of the damper can be improved. The proposed method is formulated in a discrete‐time domain and cast in the form of direct output feedback for easy control implementation. The control algorithm is able to produce a continuous and smooth slip force for a friction damper and thus avoid exerting the high‐frequency structural response that usually exists in structures with conventional friction dampers. Using a numerical study, the control performance of a multiple degrees of freedom (DOF) structural system equipped with passive friction dampers and semi‐active dampers controlled by the proposed method are compared. The numerical case shows that by merely using a single semi‐active friction damper and a few sensors, the proposed method is able to achieve better acceleration reduction than the case using multiple passive dampers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Concept and performance testing of a high‐capacity oil damper comprising multiple damper units 
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下载免费PDF全文 There has been a significant increase in the size of building structures in recent years. Huge structures such as high‐rise buildings and large‐domed stadiums require high‐performance structural control, including the use of high‐capacity dampers, especially in an earthquake‐prone country like Japan. The objective of the present study was the enhancement of both human and structural safety in such structures through the development of a rate‐dependent type of damper with a high damping capacity. Among the various available types of rate‐dependent dampers, the authors focused on the oil damper owing to its stable performance against long‐duration vibrations. The target maximum damping force was 6000 kN, which is higher than that of any existing oil damper utilized in building structures. The authors developed a novel concept for achieving this high capacity while maintaining the size of the damper within acceptable dimensions from an architectural point of view. The concept involves the use of multiple damper units that produce mechanically parallel damping forces spatially arranged in series. As a prototype, a 1500‐kN oil damper was fabricated by combining three 500‐kN dampers. The 1500‐kN prototype damper was conceived as a full‐scale prototype of a damper that is more slender than comparable commercially available dampers in Japan, and as a scaled model of the proposed 6000‐kN damper. Sinusoidal loading tests were conducted on the prototype damper using a frequency range of 0.1–1.5 Hz and a velocity range of 0.4–300 mm/s. The results confirmed that the damper produced the design damping forces. The results of earthquake loading tests also revealed that the damper exerted a stable damping force against a large earthquake and maintained its performance after the earthquake. The damper is particularly effective against earthquakes with long‐period components that could increase the temperature of a damper. This is afforded by its high heat capacity compared to conventional dampers. Considering that the proposed 6000‐kN damper will generate a damping force that is about 2–3 times that of the strongest conventional oil damper, existing manufacturer test machines would be inadequate for evaluating its full performance characteristics. To address this issue, the authors also propose a test method for evaluating the overall damping force. The method is premised on the fact that the characteristic feature of the proposed damper is its combination of multiple damper units. The overall performance is thus evaluated using the test results for the individual damper units while the other dampers are bypassed. This method was verified by the results of the abovementioned sinusoidal loading tests, with the error for the 1500‐kN prototype damper found to be less than 5%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Magneto‐rheological (MR) dampers are a promising device for seismic hazard mitigation because their damping characteristics can be varied adaptively using an appropriate control law. During the last few decades researchers have investigated the behavior of MR dampers and semi‐active control laws associated with these types of dampers for earthquake hazard mitigation. A majority of this research has involved small‐scale MR dampers. To investigate the dynamic behavior of a large‐scale MR damper, characterization tests were conducted at the Lehigh Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation equipment site on large‐scale MR dampers. A new MR damper model, called the Maxwell Nonlinear Slider (MNS) model, is developed based on the characterization tests and is reported in this paper. The MNS model can independently describe the pre‐yield and post‐yield behavior of an MR damper, which makes it easy to identify the model parameters. The MNS model utilizes Hershel–Bulkley visco‐plasticity to describe the post‐yield non‐Newtonian fluid behavior, that is, shear thinning and thickening behavior, of the MR fluid that occurs in the dampers. The predicted response of a large‐scale damper from the MNS model along with that from existing Bouc–Wen and hyperbolic tangent models, are compared with measured response from various experiments. The comparisons show that the MNS model achieves better accuracy than the existing models in predicting damper response under cyclic loading. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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In this study, several mass dampers were designed and fabricated to suppress the seismic responses of a ¼‐scale three‐storey building structure. The dynamic properties of the dampers and structure were identified from free and forced vibration tests. The building structure with or without the dampers was, respectively, tested on a shake table under the white noise excitation, the scaled 1940 El Centro earthquake and the scaled 1952 Taft earthquake. The dampers were placed on the building floors using the sequential procedure developed by the authors in previous studies. Experimental results indicated that the multiple damper system is substantially superior to a single tuned mass damper in mitigating the floor accelerations even though the multiple dampers are sub‐optimal in terms of tuning frequency, damping and placement. These results validated the sequential procedure for placement of the multiple dampers. The structure was also analysed numerically based on the shake table excitation and the identified structure and damper parameters for all test cases. Numerical and experimental results are in good agreement, validating the dynamic properties identified. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献