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1.
陈文彬  徐锡伟 《地震地质》2006,28(2):319-324
阿拉善地块南缘发育了由5条走向近EW、向西收敛、向东撒开的断裂组成的断裂束,每条断裂长度一般>100km,控制第四纪盆地呈EW向长条状展布,卫片上线性影像清晰,晚第四纪以来表现出左旋走滑活动的特点。断裂束西段的金塔南山断裂与阿尔金断裂带东段的宽滩山段趋于交会,并与文殊山构造隆起之间构成构造转换关系。分析认为金塔南山断裂以及整个阿拉善南缘断裂束是阿尔金断裂左旋运动的东延部分,断裂束在平面上“帚状”的、向东撒开的构造样式有利于走滑运动量的分解、消减和吸收,符合走滑断裂末端的构造特点。阿拉善南缘断裂束的左旋走滑活动有可能是阿尔金断裂带进一步向东扩展的结果,其时代可能发生于早更新世末—中更新世初  相似文献   

2.
2019年10月28日甘肃夏河MS5.7地震发生于临潭—宕昌断裂与西秦岭北缘断裂之间,震中周边断裂的发育情况不明,断裂研究程度低,且无明确的地表断裂与该地震相关。本文通过遥感解译和野外调查,完善了震中周边断裂即临潭—宕昌断裂、夏河断裂东段和达麦—合作断裂的几何展布图像和新活动特征,结合小震精定位和震源机制,综合分析并构建了夏河地震的发震构造模型。研究结果显示:夏河地震的周边断裂包括两条已知、但研究程度不高的西秦岭北缘断裂和临潭—宕昌断裂,以及仅标绘在地质图上、活动未知的夏河断裂和达麦—合作断裂;首次发现了夏河断裂东段的新活动,活动性质兼具左旋走滑和向北逆冲,前人基于小震定位判定的发震断层(走向312°,倾向42°,倾角48°)可能是夏河断裂东段派生的一条隐伏分支,该分支在平面上与夏河断裂东段呈小角度斜交(夹角22°),在深部归并到夏河断裂,滑动方向(滑动角48°)与夏河断裂东段的活动性质(兼具逆冲和左旋)一致。夏河断裂东段在构造上可能归属于临潭—宕昌断裂西段,是西秦岭北缘断裂正花状构造的组成部分,2019年夏河MS5.7地震代表临潭—宕昌断裂西段的构造活动。   相似文献   

3.
刘兴旺  袁道阳  邵延秀  张波  柳煜 《地震》2019,39(3):1-10
玉门—北大河断裂是酒西盆地南侧的一条重要的活动断裂, 断裂西起青草湾, 向东经老玉门市、 青头山、 大红泉, 止于北大河以东骨头泉一带, 长约80 km, 走向北西西, 倾向南, 倾角20°~60°。 玉门—北大河断裂为一条全新世活动的逆冲断裂, 断裂东段保留了地震破裂带遗迹, 通过野外断错地貌调查和探槽开挖, 揭示该破裂带形成于距今1.7±0.3 ka, 此前断裂在4.1±0.3~5.4±0.3 ka及8.4±1.0 ka还有过2次古地震事件, 利用经验公式和已有震例估算, 每次地震震级约为M7。  相似文献   

4.
张志亮 《华南地震》2020,40(2):85-91
西秦岭北缘断裂带是青藏高原东北缘一条强烈活动的Ⅱ级块体边界断裂,曾发生过多次6.5级以上大震。规划中的西宁至成都铁路设计线路拟从甘家盆地一带穿行,西秦岭北缘断裂带西段的活动性及其端部终止位置,直接关系到铁路安全。基于甘家盆地一带的第四纪地质地貌与断裂活动性调查结果 ,对西秦岭北缘断裂带的西端活动性及其对铁路方案的影响进行了分析和讨论。结果显示:西秦岭北缘断裂带西段发散为两条主要活动断层,均有全新世地表弱活动迹象;断裂西端终止于甘家盆地东缘一带,铁路设计方案在甘家盆地一带未直接穿经西秦岭北缘断裂带,未来遭遇突发位错的可能性不大,但需要考虑该断裂可能产生的地震动影响。  相似文献   

5.
西秦岭北缘断裂带西端晚第四纪活动特征及其西延问题   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
张波  何文贵  袁道阳  刘白云  刘兴旺 《地震》2012,32(1):136-143
西秦岭北缘断裂是青藏高原东北缘的一条以左旋走滑运动为主的大型活动断裂.通过卫片解译和野外地质调查,认为断裂西端活动性仍很强烈,并发现切龙沟一带全新世活动特征明显.结果表明,全新世以来西秦岭北缘断裂西端至少有2次古地震事件,说明断裂经过土房村以后活动并没有停止,而是继续向西延伸,最后终止于甘加盆地.  相似文献   

6.
前人对位于青藏块体北部与阿拉善块体接触带的金塔南山断裂是否存在左旋走滑新活动一直存在争议。文中基于航空照片和高分辨率遥感影像解译、地质地貌调查与填图、差分GPS测图、开挖剖面等方法,详细研究了金塔南山断裂的地质、地貌表现,分析是否存在左旋走滑的新活动特征。结果表明:金塔南山断裂晚第四纪以来有左旋走滑活动,地貌上表现为正、反向交替的断层陡坎、冲沟和微地貌的左旋位错、拉分盆地和挤压隆起等现象;地质剖面上表现为高倾角的断层面、倾向和性质不固定的断层面、花状构造。通过对比分析,得到金塔南山断裂晚更新世以来的左旋走滑速率约为(0.19±0.05)mm/a,与倾滑速率以及地表抬升速率相当,但远小于阿尔金断裂的走滑速率。综合分析认为,祁连山逆冲断裂系向NE的挤压扩展与应变分配可能是金塔南山断裂左旋走滑运动的动力学来源。  相似文献   

7.
甘东南地区基于射线追踪面波频散三维成像   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
利用甘肃东南部地区(32.2°~33.5°N,102.7°~105.5°E)62个流动台站的垂直分量连续背景噪声记录数据,经过处理得到了所有可能台站对的面波互相关函数和瑞利波相速度频散曲线,采用基于射线追踪的面波频散直接反演方法得到了观测台站下方5~20km深度范围内的剪切波速度分布图像。结果表明,5km深度对应的剪切波速度横向变化与地表断裂带分布和沉积层厚度存在一定的相关性,西秦岭北缘断裂带以北地区多为低速区,漳县盆地、临洮盆地低速是沉积层较厚(近几km)的一种表征;10km深度对应的剪切波速度在西秦岭北缘断裂以南、临潭—宕昌断裂、礼县—罗家堡断裂之间的区域为低速区,光盖山—迭山北麓断裂周围为高速区;在15km深度左右,迭部—白龙江断裂附近形成了高低速相间的分块结构;在18km深度左右,西秦岭北缘断裂带附近呈现高速特征,10~18km深度范围内速度随深度逐渐增加,其变化幅度一般为0.2km/s。  相似文献   

8.
历史资料和前人研究表明,462年山东省滕州西发生6*1/2级地震。该地震震中附近有已探究发现的凫山断裂、峄山断裂和孙氏店断裂等。本文利用物探、钻探、形貌测量、地质考察和测年等多种手段,进一步鉴定凫山断裂和峄山断裂,得出前者最新活动时代为晚更新世早期,后者最新活动时代为中更新世早期。前人研究表明,462年滕州西地震烈度等震线近SN走向,因此,SN走向的峄山断裂和孙氏店断裂均可能是此次地震的发震断裂。  相似文献   

9.
全国主要构造区GPS水平运动负位错反演与应变积累特性   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用2009~2011年全国GPS水平运动速度场资料,借助负位错反演,寻找新疆、青藏块体东北缘、川滇、华北地区主要活动断裂能量积累闭锁段,研究其积累速率、闭锁深度、分区分段差异性,及与强震孕育—发生的可能关系。结果表明:(1)新疆天山地区应变积累速率最强,平均闭锁深度也最深,约20.9km。其次为川滇地区,平均深度约16.3km。青藏块体东北缘存在一定程度应变积累,平均深度约15.7km。华北地区应变积累最弱,平均深度约16.0km;(2)南天山西段、川滇交界东部、红河断裂中段至滇西、祁连山断裂带西段、西秦岭北缘断裂甘青交界段、晋冀蒙交界区近期能量积累相对显著。  相似文献   

10.
袁道阳  杨明 《地震研究》1999,22(4):382-389
根据西秦岭北缘断裂带的水平位移分组特征,定量计算了断裂端部和不连续部位的位移累积滑动亏损率,同时结合断裂带上的障碍体规模,滑动速率的差异,历史地震及古地震特征等,对断裂带进行了破裂分段性研究,结果表明,西秦岭北缘断裂带可以划分为鸳凤断裂,漳县断裂,锅麻滩断裂3条一级破裂段,6条二级破裂段。  相似文献   

11.
The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.  相似文献   

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14.
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...  相似文献   

15.
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.  相似文献   

16.
Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

Address: Veveři 95, Brno.  相似文献   

17.
Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.  相似文献   

18.
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.  相似文献   

19.
Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.  相似文献   

20.
Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM.  相似文献   

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