共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 687 毫秒
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黄河水资源贫乏,水污染严重,水资源供需矛盾日益尖锐,黄河流域水资源保护面临着诸多的困难和压力.新《水法》的颁布,给黄河水资源保护带来新的机遇和挑战,依法建立法制化、社会化的流域与区域相结合的水资源保护管理体系,完善法规,建立健全执法体系,以水功能区划管理为重心,实施入河总量控制,建立和完善重大水污染事件快速反应机制,加强水质监测机制与技术创新,加强水资源保护前期和科研工作,建设水资源保护信息管理系统,采取多部门联合治污等项措施,是做好黄河流域水资源保护工作的重要前提和任务. 相似文献
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三峡水库支流小江富营养化模型构建及在水量调度控藻中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
三峡水库蓄水以来,支流小江呈富营养化加重的趋势,且多次暴发春季水华.水库蓄水以后支流流速变缓,水体滞留时间增加,是引发支流水华的主要因素之一.基于MIKE软件,建立小江调节坝下游至河口的二维水动力-富营养化模型,考虑碳、氮、磷3种元素在浮游植物有机体、死亡腐屑和无机盐中的循环转化,模拟小江河段的春季水华过程.分析小江生态调节坝的水量调节抑藻作用,即人为制造"洪水脉冲",增加短时间内的水流流速,对下游流场进行扰动以控制水华.计算结果表明,增大泄水量对调节坝下游的小江河段的春季藻华总体上具有一定的抑制作用.小江上游河段调度作用效果明显,下游高阳至入汇口河段调节作用较小,上游调节坝水力调度可以作为三峡水库支流水华应急治理措施之一.营养盐控制应该是控制支流水华的根本措施. 相似文献
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随着水资源短缺程度的加剧,可交易水权制度逐渐成为当今世界水资源管理制度发展的新方向.水资源初始产权是水资源管理的基础和前提.在干旱区内陆河流域,产权初始配置要在生态环境可持续的前提下,坚持公平、效益相结合的分配目标和配置原则.通过建立初始水权配置指标体系,对黑河流域进行实地问卷调查,在此基础上对用户调查结果进行专家判断修正,应用层次分析法研究了各分配指标的权重分布.以黑河流域张掖地区为例的界定结果表明,除上游的肃南县和山丹县外,其余各县市的实际用水量都超过了各自界定的初始水权,这种差别为水资源产权交易管理提供了现实依据,为开展流域上游的生态保护补偿提供了理论基础. 相似文献
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地球自转速率变化与河道演变及泥沙灾害关系初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
丰沙期及低频率、高强度洪水往往酿成泥沙灾害和洪涝灾害。地球自转变化是影响河道演变与诱发泥沙灾害的重要的自然因素,由长江、黄河及淮河的部分水沙资料及地球自转日长变化资料的初步分析表明,当地球自转由加速转向减速时,黄河下游出现枯水、少沙时期,长江中下游及淮河出现高频率、低强度洪水;而地球自转由减速转向加速时,黄河下游出现丰水期和中、丰沙期,长江与淮河出现低频率、高强度洪水,长江下游处于切滩旺盛期。在地球自转变化的转折点之间,河道处于相对稳定演变阶段,一般不会发生严重的洪涝与泥沙灾害。 相似文献
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流域管理是以水资源的自然流域特性和多功能属性为基础的管理制度,它的目标是使有限的水资源实现优化配置和发挥最大效益.流域管理的问题直接关系到以水资源的可持续利用支持经济社会的可持续发展的大局.通过分析我国流域管理存在的问题,借鉴国外成功的流域管理经验,提出要进一步明确流域管理和行政区域管理的事权,加快流域管理相应的法律法规建设,加大流域管理的支撑保障能力建设,充分发挥流域管理机构科学规划决策、有效配置调控和有力监督控制的作用,进一步探索适合不同流域的管理模式,加大构建公共参与和民主协商机制力度,探索建立流域水资源管理可持续利用的市场机制. 相似文献
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基于模拟优化与正交试验的库塘联合灌溉系统水资源调控 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
依托灌溉试验站田间降水-作物耗水-土壤水相互转化的长序列试验成果,构建灌区田间尺度水量蓄-耗-灌-排全过程的水资源模拟模块,结合系统仿真方法,建立库塘联合灌溉系统水量分配仿真模拟模型,以保障灌区基本需水(包括农村生活需水与生态环境需水)供水安全前提下的经济效益最大化为目标,运用正交试验选优原理,构建了库塘联合灌溉系统水资源优化调控模型,形成了基于仿真模拟与正交试验优化的库塘联合灌溉系统水资源优化调控技术体系,并应用于巢湖流域大官塘水库灌区,明确了灌区合理的工程布局规格与规模,确定了适宜的节水灌溉技术模式与灌溉制度,制定了塘坝和水库科学的调度规则,提出了具有可操作性的作物种植结构调整规则,提高了灌区径流拦蓄利用率,提升了塘坝和水库年际调蓄供水能力,增强了抗旱减灾能力,为巢湖流域水库灌区综合治理、库塘联合灌区水量分配方案、水库和塘坝调度规则及作物灌溉制度等地制定提供理论依据. 相似文献
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流域因素与人类活动对黄河下游河道输沙功能的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从泥沙收支平衡的概念出发定义了河道的输沙功能, 提出了河道输沙功能的定量指标, 研究了流域自然因子和人类活动对黄河下游河道输沙功能的影响. 这种影响可以用不同水沙来源区的降水量、进入黄河下游的大于0.05 mm粗泥沙占来沙量百分比、黄河上游水库对汛期清水基流的调节程度(以兰州站汛期径流量占全年百分比表示)、高含沙水流频率、流域内水土保持措施实施面积等来定量表达. 运用多元回归分析方法, 建立了黄河下游河道输沙功能指标与上述7个因子之间的多元回归方程. 表明不同水沙来源区降水量的减少对下游河道输沙功能的影响是不同的. 河口镇以上清水区和龙门至三门峡之间年降水量减少, 将导致下游河道输沙功能指标降低; 河口镇至龙门间降水减少, 将导致下游河道输沙功能指标增高. 来沙的组成强烈地影响下游河道输沙功能指标, 进入黄河下游的大于0.05 mm粗泥沙占来沙量百分比越大, 则河道输沙功能指标越低. 因此, 小浪底水库拦截粗泥沙、排出细泥沙, 将有利于提高下游河道输沙功能指标. 兰州站汛期径流量占全年百分比越低, 下游河道输沙功能指标越低, 说明黄河上游水库大量拦截汛期清水基流, 是下游河道输沙功能降低的原因之一. 相似文献
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The equilibrium relations for water and sediment transport refer to the relative balance of sediment transport and the relative stability of river courses formed by the automatic adjustment of riverbeds.This is the theoretical basis for the comprehensive management of sediment in the Yellow River.Based on the theories of sediment carrying capacity and the delayed response of riverbed evolution,in this study,the equilibrium relations for water and sediment transport in the Yellow River are established.These relations include the equilibrium relationships between water and sediment transport and bankfull discharge in the upper and lower Yellow River and between water and sediment transport and the Tongguan elevation in the middle Yellow River.The results reveal that for the Ningmeng reach,the Tongguan reach,and the lower Yellow River,erosion and deposition in the riverbeds are adjusted automatically,and water and sediment transport can form highly constrained equilibrium relationships.These newly established equilibrium relationships can be applied to calculate the optimal spatial allocation scheme for sediment in the Yellow River. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):90-100
Abstract In the past 50 years, influenced by global climate change, the East Asian summer monsoon intensity (SMI) changed significantly, leading to a response by the water cycle of the Yellow River basin. The variation in SMI has three stages: (1) 1951–1963, SMI increased; (2) 1963–1965, SMI declined sharply, a feature that may be regarded as an abrupt change; and (3) 1965–2000, SMI remained at low levels and showed a tendency to decline slowly. The decreased SMI led to a reduction in water vapour transfer from the ocean to the Yellow River basin, and thus precipitation decreased and the natural river runoff of the Yellow River also decreased. Due to the increase in population and therefore in irrigated land area, the ratio of net water diversion to natural river runoff increased continuously. Comparison of the ratio of net water diversion to natural river runoff before and after the abrupt change in SMI indicates some discontinuity in the response of the man-induced lateral branch of the water cycle to the abrupt change in SMI. The frequently occurring flow desiccation in the lower Yellow River can be regarded as a response of the water cycle system to the decreasing summer monsoon intensity and increasing population. When the ratio of net water diversion exceeded the ratio of natural runoff of the low-flow season to the annual total natural runoff, flow desiccation in the lower Yellow River would occur. When the ratio of net water diversion is 0.3 larger than the ratio of the natural runoff of the low-flow season to the annual total natural runoff, an abrupt increase in the number of flow desiccation events is likely to occur. 相似文献
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Instream flows are essential determinants of channel morphology, riparian and aquatic flora and fauna, water quality estuarine inflow and stream load transport. The ecological and environmental instream flow requirements (EEIFR) should be estimated to make the exploitation and utilization of water resources in a highly efficient and sustainable way and maintain the river ecosystem good health. As the largest tributary of the Yellow River, the Wei River is the ‘Mother River’ of Guanzhong region in Shaanxi province. It plays a great role in the development of West China and the health of the ecosystem of the Yellow River. The objective of this study is to estimate the EEIFR for improving the Wei River's ecological and environmental condition and develop the river healthily. Concerning the main ecological and environmental functions of the Wei River in Shaanxi Province, the EEIFR for each section of the Wei River including minimum instream flow requirements (IFR) for aquicolous biotopes maintenance, IFR for channel seepage, channel evaporation, stream self‐purification and sediment transportation were estimated in this paper. The methods to estimate the instream flow requirements for stream self‐purification and instream flow requirements for sediment transportation were proposed. The temporal scale of typical years include the year with the probability 25% of occurrence (high‐flow year), the year with the probability 50% (normal‐flow year) and the year with the probability 75% (low‐flow year). The results show that the EEIFR for the Wei River mainly include instream flow requirements for self‐purification and sediment transportation in each typical year. From high‐flow year to low‐flow year, the annual EEIFR for each reach decrease, except those for the reach from Linjiacun to Weijiabao, and from Linjiacun at the upper reaches to Huaxian at the lower reaches, and the annual reach EEIFR decrease in a sequence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Variation of precipitation for the last 300 years over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ZHENG Jingyun HAO Zhixin & GE Quansheng Institute of Geographical Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(12):2182-2193
Reconstruction of high-resolution historical climatic series is the key issue for Past Global Changes (PAGES) and Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR), the two core projects of the international research programme on global changes. High-resolu- tion historical climatic data are vital for our under-standing the mechanisms of climatic variability, im-proving climate model, and distinguishing anthropo-genic effects from the natural forcing on climate change[1,2]. China, with co… 相似文献
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XU Jiongxin Institute of Geographical Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(12):2194-2202
Since 1986, with a sharp decrease in water dis-charges, the Yellow River has entered a period charac-terized by low discharges and seasonally occurring dry-ups[1,2]. Since 1999, more strict management of water diversion has been imposed, and therefore the dry-ups have been well under control. However, the lower reaches of the Yellow River is still predominated by low-discharges, and has become a man-induced shrinking river. In the past 40 years, significant effect of soil and water conservat… 相似文献