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1.
众多研究表明,太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)与东亚季风以及我国气候的年代际异常存在显著影响,然而其影响途径及机制仍不明确.本文分别分析了年代际尺度上的太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)、南北半球际大气质量振荡(IHO)以及东亚季风的变化特征,据此建立了三者之间的关系,并进一步分析了它们对我国东部冬夏两季年代际气候异常的影响,所得主要结果包括:(1)PDO与IHO以及东亚季风强度具有明显的年代际波动特征,三者之间存在较好联系,其中它们在70年代和90年代后期处于负位相,而在80年代至90年代中期均处于正位相期.PDO和IHO对全球大范围的低层气温异常,以及大气质量迁移尤其是东半球30°S-50°N区域的质量变化具有显著并且空间一致的影响;(2)当PDO为正位相时,整层大气质量年代际异常呈偶极型的自东半球向西半球太平洋区域输出,造成了南北半球际以及海陆间大气质量迁移,同时引起Walker环流的上升和下沉支位置变化,以及越赤道大气质量流的向北异常输送,并由此建立起东亚季风与PDO和IHO之间的联系;(3)PDO年代际异常与冬夏季节蒙古地区地表气压变动存在密切联系.当PDO指数增强时,冬夏季850hPa均出现显著反气旋风场异常,并在我国东部形成异常北风,从而显著影响东亚冬夏季风强度变化.与之对应,PDO指数与我国东部大部分地区的站点气温、降水的年代际分量保持显著的同期相关. 相似文献
2.
本文利用ERA和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料，以及部分观测资料，研究了东亚夏季风年代际变化的若干重要特征. 结果表明，东亚夏季风在20世纪70年代末减弱这一现象是普遍存在的，主要表现为江淮地区表面温度降低，海平面气压升高，出现偏北风异常. 研究发现，这次年代际变化还体现在与东亚季风环流密切相关的重要环流因子，如西太平洋副热带高压、欧亚西风、澳大利亚高压、南极涛动等，它们在20世纪70年代末以后都进入高指数时期. 此外，文章还揭示：ERA和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料在东亚夏季风年代际变化上基本吻合，但也有很多差别. 相似文献
3.
中国北方沙尘暴气候形势的年代际变化 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
分析了中国北方沙尘气候的时间变化特征, 重点研究与沙尘气侯的年代际变化相应的冬、春季气候和大气环流异常特征. 文章揭示: 在沙尘活动频繁年代(1956~1970)和稀少年代(1985~1999)冬、春季的气候和大气环流有显著差别. 与前一个年代相比, 在后一个年代里冬季极涡异常加深, 50°N附近的西风增强, 东亚极锋锋区位置偏北, 东亚大槽偏弱; 西伯利亚高压北部及中心强度变弱, 阿留申低压明显升压; 东亚季风强度变弱, 影响中国的冷空气势力减弱, 冬、春季大风天气变少. 同时中国北方广大地区冬季温度显著升高, 西北和内蒙古的沙源地区春季降水明显增多. 研究还发现, 在年际尺度上, 中国北方的沙尘活动频次与前冬的西风指数、北极涛动指数呈显著的负相关, 与冬、春季东亚季风指数呈显著的正相关. 相似文献
4.
公元1840年以来东亚夏季风降水变化—— 以中国和韩国的树轮记录为例 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
根据中国和韩国3条树木年轮降水记录, 本文分析了过去160 a以来东亚夏季风降水的变迁历史. 统计分析表明, 年际间中国和韩国季风降水不存在线性相关, 而在10 a尺度上则表现出同步变化的趋势. 1860~1890, 1910~1925, 1940~1960年是3个降水量较多的时段; 1890~1910, 1925~1940, 1960~1998年, 则是3个降水量较少的时段. 3条降水重建序列均揭示1920年代中期东亚夏季风降水快速由多转少. 同时树木年轮季风降水重建序列也被基于中国历史文献记载所划分的旱涝指数和韩国雨量记录所证实. 相似文献
5.
《中国科学:地球科学》2020,(8)
蒙古高原地处亚洲中部干旱区东部,受到西风环流的主控,表现出干旱半干旱气候特征,其东部受到季风环流的影响,表现为湿润半湿润气候特征的中纬度东亚季风区.但有研究关注到该地区现代夏季降水的变化与亚洲中部干旱区西部变化并不一致,却与中纬度东亚季风区表现出同相位的降水变化特征.为了查明这种降水一致性的空间范围,文章使用1979～2016年GPCC数据集的逐月降水资料,分别对蒙古高原夏季降水年际和年代际信号进行分析.结果显示:蒙古高原与中纬度东亚季风区在年际和年代际尺度上都呈现出了基本一致的降水变化特征,一致性变化区域主要为蒙古高原、中国东北和华北地区.进一步对蒙古高原与中纬度东亚季风区年代际出现降水一致性变化的物理机制进行研究,发现北大西洋和中亚地区与欧洲和蒙古高原高度场异常反相位配置的欧亚大陆中纬度遥相关波列是导致降水一致性变化的关键因素.当北大西洋和中亚地区为高度场正异常,而蒙古高原出现高度场负异常这种环流配置时,能够将更多的西风和中纬度季风水汽输送到蒙古高原、中国东北和华北地区,并且通过加强东北亚低压来增强东亚夏季风,还可以激发异常上升运动,从而导致主要受西风环流控制的蒙古高原和受季风环流控制的中国东北和华北地区降水出现一致性增加.反之则出现一致性降水减少.这项研究将对理解东亚古降水/湿度重建样点的空间代表性,以及厘清区域气候的一致性背景具有指示性意义. 相似文献
6.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(9)
东亚夏季降水和环流在1979~2004年间的20世纪90年代初期发生了显著的年代际转折.基于三套探空资料与四套再分析资料,分析了东亚夏季对流层温度的年代际变化,结果表明:东亚夏季200~500 h Pa平均温度(upper tropospheric temperature,UTT)的南北向温差在1992年前后发生年代际减弱,表现为1992年之后中国35°N以南地区年代际变冷,中心位于长江流域,35°N以北年代际变暖,中心位于中国西北-蒙古地区.多种资料对比分析表明,JRA-25再分析资料在揭示东亚夏季对流层温度在20世纪90年代初年代际变化方面优于其他再分析资料.研究表明,20世纪90年代初东亚夏季UTT年代际变化的可能原因在于,ENSO周期由1979~1992年的5~6年周期占主导转变为1993~2004年的2~3年周期占主导,使得在1993~2004年间ENSO衰减年夏季出现的次数少于1992年之前,而ENSO发展年夏季次数增加,导致ENSO发展年夏季的SST强迫对东亚UTT的影响年代际增加,ENSO衰减年夏季SST的强迫作用年代际减弱,即东亚夏季UTT一致增暖的模态出现次数增加,南暖北冷的模态次数减少,UTT的差值表现为东亚南侧变冷,北侧变暖,进而导致东亚夏季温度南北向温差减弱. 相似文献
7.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(11)
中国科学院地学部在第33次科学与技术前沿论坛对气溶胶与季风相互作用进行了深入讨论和评估.本文综述了在此次论坛上所报告的国际和中国气溶胶与东亚季风相互作用有关的研究进展.研究表明:(1)东亚季风能影响气溶胶的输送,特别是可以为由气溶胶引起的持续性强雾-霾天气过程的生成和发展提供适宜的大气环流背景场,东亚季风还在季节、年际、年代际等多时间尺度上影响气溶胶的输送和空间分布特征,季风区域的高水汽特征还可能影响气溶胶的光学及辐射效应;(2)已有证据表明气溶胶对于中国部分区域云的物理特征和降水有明显影响,在东南沿海地区,增加气溶胶的含量可能会抑制轻型和中度降水,对强降水可能有强化作用,但是此问题极为复杂,值得深入研究;(3)东亚夏季风活动的年际变化对中国区域气溶胶浓度和空间分布有明显影响,而且近几十年季风的减弱很可能利于区域气溶胶浓度增加.同时期,中国大气污染排放量的显著增加很可能减小了海陆温差和纬向差异,也不利于季风的增强.此外,文章对未来加强季风与气溶胶相互作用的研究给出了部分参考建议,还指出气溶胶对于东亚季风环流影响研究的不确定性. 相似文献
8.
亚洲-太平洋涛动是北半球夏季亚洲大陆和北太平洋副热带地区对流层中高层扰动温度场上大尺度的东西反相的遥相关现象，其异常变化与亚洲-太平洋地区夏季风气候有着密切的联系.基于欧洲中心的ERA-40再分析资料和国家气候中心BCC_CSM1.1（m）气候系统模式多年的数值模拟结果，本文主要评估了BCC_CSM1.1（m）模式对于夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动的空间分布、指数的时间演变及与其变化所对应的亚洲地区夏季环流异常等方面的模拟能力，结果表明：BCC_CSM1.1（m）模式能够较好地模拟出北半球夏季对流层中高层扰动温度在亚-太地区中纬度存在的西高东低"跷跷板"现象；模式能够模拟出夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动指数的年际变率，但是不能模拟出该指数在20世纪60-70年代明显下降的年代际趋势；模式还能较好地模拟出亚洲-太平洋涛动高低指数年亚洲-太平洋地区夏季环流的异常：指数偏高年份，南亚高压增强，高空西风急流带和热带东风急流均加强，索马里越赤道气流增强，南亚热带季风和东亚副热带季风均增强，东亚季风低压槽加强，西北太平洋副热带高压增强，南亚和东亚北部降水增加，菲律宾地区、中国长江流域-朝鲜半岛-日本一带地区降水减少，反之亦然. 相似文献
9.
过去50年中国西部气候和径流变化的区域差异 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
通过对过去50年中国西部降水和主要河流径流变化的对比分析, 研究降水和径流的区域变化差异, 结果表明, 黄河上游径流和降水与新疆北部和青藏高原南部雅鲁藏布江流域径流、降水呈显著的反相关关系. 中国西部降水变化大体上以青藏高原唐古拉山和天山为界, 表现出南北一致, 中部(西部的喀喇昆仑山除外)相反, 即从南到北呈现出干-湿-干或湿-干-湿的区域变化差异; 在河流径流上表现为北部伊犁河流域和南部雅鲁藏布江流域径流变化的一致性, 而与黄河上游径流变化呈反位相变化; 同时, 新疆和黄河径流的反位相变化表现在年代际上, 而黄河和雅鲁藏布江径流变化表现在年际变化上. 黄河上游径流的变化与西北太平洋季风指数的变化比较一致, 这表明黄河上游径流变化受到较强的东亚季风的影响; 新疆总径流分别与西北太平洋季风指数和西风指数存在显著的正负相关关系, 寻找不同地区径流变化异同对于认识和预测径流未来变化具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献
10.
基于年代际突变分量的东亚夏季降水动力-统计预报方案研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于1983~2011年CMAP降水数据分析,揭示东亚及其近海地区(简称东亚)的夏季降水距平在1999年前后由"+-+"型分布(由北至南)调整为"-+-"型分布,且这种年代际变化主要体现在EOF第3模态中;而在国家气候中心海气耦合模式(BCC_CGCM)回报和预报资料中,1999年前后则由"+-+-"分布型(由北至南)调整为"-+-+"型,即BCC_CGCM对降水年代际分布的预报与实况有较大差别.同时,结合EOF年代际突变分量给出了全球海温场与东亚夏季降水年代际变化有显著联系的关键海区,分析了BCC_CGCM对关键区海温的预报能力及对应的东亚夏季降水预报效果的差异,验证了基于关键区海温指数对改进模式预报结果的可能性.在此基础上,给出了基于年代际突变分量的东亚夏季降水动力-统计预报方案研究,并进行独立样本回报.结果表明,基于V区海温指数订正结果的距平相关系数(ACC)达到了0.25,距平符号一致率(ACR)达到61%,7个区域订正结果平均的ACC为0.03和ACR为51%,较BCC_CGCM模式结果的-0.01和49%均有一定的改进;且订正后1999年前后两个时段降水距平的空间分布和纬圈平均演变均体现了降水型由"+-+"向"-+-"调整的特征.因此,基于海温关键区指数的动力-统计相结合的预报方案能够增加模式对东亚夏季降水的季节预报结果中的年代际变化信息. 相似文献
11.
本文通过分析1957~2002年平流层爆发性增温(SSW)的环流特征,研究平流层爆发性增温可能对我国天气气候的影响.平流层爆发性增温发生后平流层高纬地区有异常的环流变化,但是这种变化并不仅局限于平流层内部,其产生的环流异常能够向下传播,并对对流层的天气和气候产生影响.研究发现,平流层出现强爆发性增温后,平流层异常温度场和位势高度场在中、高纬度形成AO型振荡并向下传播,使得对流层低层西伯利亚高压增强、阿留申低压加深,500 hPa东亚大槽加深且偏西,导致东亚冬季风增强,我国北部大部分地区气温偏低.而在爆发性增温前,强行星波扰动使得东亚大槽加深,西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压同时增强,也可能导致东亚冬季风偏强.El Nio可能激发出强行星波,有利于强SSW事件的发生.通过上述的两个过程可能造成东亚冬季风的加强,这将会对"El Nio事件通过对流层过程而引起东亚冬季风减弱"的结论有一定影响. 因此,ENSO事件影响东亚冬季风及中国的天气气候存在不止一种途径,具体影响情况应该是几种途径的综合结果. 相似文献
12.
The estimation of carbon exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere suffers unavoidable data gaps in eddy-covariance technique, especially for short-living and fast-growing croplands. In this study we developed a modified gap-filling scheme introducing a leaf area index factor as the vegetation status information based on the conventional light response function for two East-Asian cropland sites (rice and potatoes). This scheme’s performance is comparable to the conventional time window scheme, but has the advantage when the gaps are large compared to the total length of the time series. To investigate how the time binning approach performs for fast-growing croplands, we tested different widths of the time window, showing that a four-day window for the potato field and an eight-day time window for the rice field perform the best. The insufficiency of the conventional temperature binning approach was explained as well as the influence of vapor pressure deficit. We found that vapor pressure deficit plays a minor role in both the potato and the rice fields under Asian monsoon weather conditions with the exception of the early pre-monsoon growing stage of the potatoes. Consequently, we recommend using the conventional time-window scheme together with our new leaf-light response function to fill data gaps of net ecosystem exchange in fast-growing croplands. 相似文献
13.
M. Janga Reddy S. Adarsh 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2016,30(4):1063-1085
Time–frequency characterization is useful in understanding the nonlinear and non-stationary signals of the hydro-climatic time series. The traditional Fourier transform, and wavelet transform approaches have certain limitations in analyzing non-linear and non-stationary hydro-climatic series. This paper presents an effective approach based on the Hilbert–Huang transform to investigate time–frequency characteristics, and the changing patterns of sub-divisional rainfall series in India, and explored the possible association of monsoon seasonal rainfall with different global climate oscillations. The proposed approach integrates the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise algorithm and normalized Hilbert transform method for analyzing the spectral characteristics of two principal seasonal rainfall series over four meteorological subdivisions namely Assam-Meghalaya, Kerala, Orissa and Telangana subdivisions in India. The Hilbert spectral analysis revealed the dynamic nature of dominant time scales for two principal seasonal rainfall time series. From the trend analysis of instantaneous amplitudes of multiscale components called intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), it is found that both intra and inter decadal modes are responsible for the changes in seasonal rainfall series of different subdivisions and significant changes are noticed in the amplitudes of inter decadal modes of two seasonal rainfalls in the four subdivisions since 1970s. Further, the study investigated the links between monsoon rainfall with the global climate oscillations such as Quasi Bienniel Oscillation (QBO), El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Sunspot Number (SN), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) etc. The study noticed that the multiscale components of rainfall series IMF1, IMF2, IMF3, IMF4 and IMF5 have similar periodic structure of QBO, ENSO, SN, tidal forcing and AMO respectively. As per the seasonal rainfall patterns is concerned, the results of the study indicated that for Assam-Meghalaya subdivision, there is a likelihood of extreme rare events at ~0.2 cycles per year, and both monsoon and pre-monsoon rainfall series have decreasing trends; for Kerala subdivision, extreme events can be expected during monsoon season with shorter periodicity (~2.5 years), and monsoon rainfall has statistically significant decreasing trend and post-monsoon rainfall has a statistically significant increasing trend; and for Orissa subdivision, there are chances of extremes rainfall events in monsoon season and a relatively stable rainfall pattern during post-monsoon period, but both monsoon and post-monsoon rainfall series showed an overall decreasing trend; for Telangana subdivision, there is a likelihood of extreme events during monsoon season with a periodicity of ~4 years, but both monsoon and post-monsoon rainfall series showed increasing trends. The results of correlation analysis of IMF components of monsoon rainfall and five climate indices indicated that the association is expressed well only for low frequency modes with similar evolution of trend components. 相似文献
14.
A. K. Mitra L. Stefanova T. S. V. Vijaya Kumar T. N. Krishnamurti 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(8-9):1431-1454
Seasonal climate prediction for the Indian summer monsoon season is critical for strategic planning of the region. The mean features of the Indian summer monsoon and its variability, produced by versions of the ‘Florida State University Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Model’ (FSUCGCM) hindcasts, are investigated for the period 1987 to 2002. The coupled system has full global ocean and atmospheric models with coupled assimilation. Four member models were created by choosing different combinations of parameterizations of the physical processes in the atmospheric model component. Lower level wind flow patterns and rainfall associated with the summer monsoon season are examined from this fully coupled model seasonal integrations. By comparing with observations, the mean monsoon condition simulated by this coupled model for the June, July and August periods is seen to be reasonably realistic. The overall spatial low-level wind flow patterns and the precipitation distributions over the Indian continent and adjoining oceanic regions are comparable with the respective analyses. The anomalous below normal large-scale precipitation and the associated anomalous low-level wind circulation pattern for the summer monsoon season of 2002 was predicted by the model three months in advance. For the Indian summer monsoon, the ensemble mean is able to reproduce the mean features better compared to individual member models. 相似文献
15.
On the dynamics of low latitude,wide and shallow coastal system: numerical simulations of the Upper Gulf of Thailand 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A high-resolution (～1 km horizontal grid and 21 vertical layers) numerical model based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) has been used to study the 3D dynamics of the Upper Gulf of Thailand (UGOT). While influenced by tides and rivers like other estuarine systems, the UGOT is unique because it is wide (～100 km?×?100 km), it is shallow (average depth of only ～15 m), it is located in low latitudes (～12.5°N–13.5°N), and it is influenced by the seasonal monsoon. Sensitivity studies were thus conducted to evaluate the impact that surface heat fluxes, monsoonal winds, river runoffs, and the low latitude may have on the dynamics; the latter has been evaluated by modifying the Coriolis parameter and comparing simulations representing low and mid latitudes. The circulation in the UGOT changes seasonally from counter-clockwise during the northeast monsoon (dry season) to clockwise during the southwest monsoon (wet season). River discharges generate coastal jets, whereas river plumes tend to be more symmetric near the river mouth and remain closer to the coast in low latitudes, compared with mid-latitude simulations. River plumes are also dispersed along the coast in different directions during different stages of the monsoonal winds. The model results are compared favorably with a simple wind-driven analytical estuarine model. Comparisons between an El Niño year (1998) and a La Niña year (2000) suggest that water temperatures, warmer by as much as 2 °C in 1998 relative to 2000, are largely driven by decrease cloudiness during the El Niño year. The developed model of the UGOT could be used in the future to address various environmental problems affecting the region. 相似文献
16.
NOC model of the earth's main magnetic field 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
徐文耀 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(9):882-894
The international geomagnetic reference field (IGRF) is a standard model for describing the spatial structure and temporal variation of the earth抯 main magnetic field[1—3]. The first IGRF model, designated IGRF 1965, was adopted by IAGA in 1968[4]. In l… 相似文献
17.
--A large part of the rainfall over India during the summer monsoon season (June-September) is contributed by synoptic scale disturbances such as monsoon depressions. To study the evolution of such disturbances in Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCM), the Hadley Centre AGCM (HadAM2b) has been integrated for 15 summer monsoons (1979-1993) and the output was examined for the presence of synoptic scale disturbances such as monsoon depressions, low pressure areas, land lows and land depressions over the Indian summer monsoon region. The atmospheric initial condition for each of these integrations was of 23rd May and observed Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) were described as a boundary condition.¶Although the horizontal resolution of the AGCM used in this study is only 2.5° 2 3.75° lat. long., the model is able to simulate a few monsoon disturbances. The important features of these simulated disturbances are presented. The features of the simulated disturbances are realistic. The morphologies of a well simulated monsoon depression and a simulated low pressure area are presented as examples. The frequency of the simulated monsoon depressions is less than the climatological frequency of the depressions during all four monsoon months. 相似文献
18.
In this study, sensitivity of the Indian summer monsoon simulation to the Himalayan orography representation in a regional climate model (RegCM) is examined. The prescribed height of the Himalayan orography is less in the RegCM model than the actual height of the Himalayas. Therefore, in order to understand the impact of the Himalayan orography representation on the Indian summer monsoon, the height of the Himalayan orography is increased (decreased) by 10 % from its control height in the RegCM model. Three distinct monsoon years such as deficit (1987), excess (1988) and normal rainfall years are considered for this study. The performance of the RegCM model is tested with the use of a driving force from the reanalysis data and a global model output. IMD gridded rainfall and the reanalysis-2 data are used as verification analysis to validate the model results. The RegCM model has the potential to represent mean rainfall distribution over India as well as the upper air circulation patterns and some of the semi-permanent features during the Indian summer monsoon season. The skill of RegCM is reasonable in representing the variation in circulation and precipitation pattern and intensity during two contrasting rainfall years. The simulated seasonal mean rainfall over many parts of India especially, the foothills of the Himalaya, west coast of India and over the north east India along with the whole of India are more when the orography height is increased. The low level southwesterly wind including the Somali jet stream as well as upper air circulation associated with the tropical easterly jet stream become stronger with the enhancement of the Himalayan orography. Statistical analysis suggests that the distribution and intensity of rainfall is represented better with the increased orography of RegCM by 10 % from its control height. Thus, representation of the Himalayan orography in the model is close to actual and may enhance the skill in seasonal scale simulation of the Indian summer monsoon. 相似文献
19.
Simulation of South-Asian Summer Monsoon in a GCM 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. S. Ajayamohan 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(10):2117-2140
Major characteristics of Indian summer monsoon climate are analyzed using simulations from the upgraded version of Florida
State University Global Spectral Model (FSUGSM). The Indian monsoon has been studied in terms of mean precipitation and low-level
and upper-level circulation patterns and compared with observations. In addition, the model's fidelity in simulating observed
monsoon intraseasonal variability, interannual variability and teleconnection patterns is examined. The model is successful
in simulating the major rainbelts over the Indian monsoon region. However, the model exhibits bias in simulating the precipitation
bands over the South China Sea and the West Pacific region. Seasonal mean circulation patterns of low-level and upper-level
winds are consistent with the model's precipitation pattern. Basic features like onset and peak phase of monsoon are realistically
simulated. However, model simulation indicates an early withdrawal of monsoon. Northward propagation of rainbelts over the
Indian continent is simulated fairly well, but the propagation is weak over the ocean. The model simulates the meridional
dipole structure associated with the monsoon intraseasonal variability realistically. The model is unable to capture the observed
interannual variability of monsoon and its teleconnection patterns. Estimate of potential predictability of the model reveals
the dominating influence of internal variability over the Indian monsoon region. 相似文献
20.
An 8.1Ma calcite record of Asian summer monsoon evolution on the Chinese central Loess Plateau 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Chen XiuLing Fang XiaoMin An ZhiSheng Han WenXia Wang Xin Bai Yan Hong Ye 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(3):392-403
Carbonates in loess-red clay sequences consist mainly of calcite and dolomite. The EDTA analysis of carbonates in different size fractions and magnetic susceptibility reveal that calcite is a sensitive index of summer monsoon. The chemical analysis of carbonates and calcite from an 8.1 Ma loess-red clay sequence at Chaona on the Chinese central Loess Plateau shows that the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon experienced four stages, namely 8.1―5.5 Ma, 5.5―2.8 Ma, 2.8―1.5 Ma and 1.5―0 Ma, with increasing intensification and fluctuation, suggesting a possible combining impacts of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and global changes on the Asian summer monsoon. 相似文献