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强震动作用下土体非线性动力特征研究发展与展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
浅地表覆盖土层动力特性对地震动影响显著，软厚土层会明显改变地震动强度及频谱特性。由于观测数据匮乏，强震动作用下土体非线性动力特征研究长期以来均以室内试验为主，但在实验室中难以可靠地模拟实际地震历程中土体承受的加载路径、边界条件、排水条件等复杂因素。近二十年来竖向台阵（至少包含一个地表测点和一个井下基岩测点）记录数据大量增加，为土体非线性动力学研究提供了新的基础数据与发展机遇，使基于现场观测的土体非线性动力特征实证研究成为可能。 相似文献
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随着强震台网的密布及观测记录的增加,为研究各类局部场地地震反应预测模型的合理性提供了有效的参考依据,也使利用强震记录及场地条件研究地震动特征成为可能。选取场地地质参数资料和地震记录数据齐全的日本小田原（Ashigara Valley）盲测试验场地,通过对比不同地震动输入方式及场地反应分析模型,研究地震动特征,分析现有模型的优劣。基于1990年8月5日M5.1强震事件的地表基岩记录和地下基岩地震记录,采用地下台强震记录直接输入、地表基岩台强震记录减半为基底地震动输入、地表基岩台强震记录反演为基底地震动输入作为3种基岩地震动输入。基于局部场地条件分别建立一维等效线性模型、二维黏弹性模型及二维时域等效线性化模型等工程中常用的场地数值分析模型,进行局部场地地震反应分析,预测该盲测场地的地表地震动特征,并与对应的实测强震记录结果进行对比,分析不同基岩地震动输入方式对预测地震动特征及地表土层反应谱特征的影响,重点分析地震动输入、土体非线性、场地横向不均匀性及几何与非线性特征共同作用等因素对地表地震动特征的影响,以期为地表地震动的合理预测提供参考。 相似文献
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通过日本KiK-net台网数据库的各种地震记录,研究了土体的非线性行为对场地响应的影响。这个台网由不少于688个地表—井下仪器构成,从这个台网还获得了直到井孔深度的剪切波和压缩波速度剖面的特征。为了通过计算每个场地的地表与井下频谱比来表征土体的线性行为,我们挑选了井下台站地震动峰值加速度（PGA）〈10cm/s2的事件。使用强震动事件（PGA〉50cm/s2）计算的场地响应曲线相对线性表征的变化被认为是由非线性土体行为造成的。为了描述每个事件土体非线性行为对场地响应的影响,我们提出了场地响应曲线相对线性估计的变化（放大或衰减）百分比（PNL ev,非线性百分比）和有关的位移频率（Sh ev）。这些参数被用于估计非线性场地响应显著区别于相应线性场地响应的概率。我们发现,不管何种场地,这个概率即使对低输入地震动峰值加速度（井下传感器的值不小于30cm/s2）也是重要的。这表明,在中强地震动场地响应评估中必须考虑非线性土体行为。此外,对记录了至少两个强震事件（井下PGA〉50cm/s2）的KiK-net台网数据库的54个场地,我们定义了每个场地的表征土体非线性行为对场地响应影响的另外4个参数：（1）地震动峰值加速度阈值（PGA th）,定义为PNL ev高于10%的地震动峰值加速度值;（2）地震动峰值加速度为50cm/s2的特定场地的PNL（PNL site）;（3）地震动峰值加速度为50cm/s2的卓越频率的特定场地移位（Sh site）;（4）在非线性和线性场地响应之间观测到衰减的频率（fNL）。我们观察到在fNL之下的频率,非线性土体行为可增强放大作用。我们发现fNL介于场地响应基频率和卓越共振频率之间,近地表具有V S反差的场地触发低地震动峰值加速度输入阈值的非线性行为。这些结果表明,非线性行为多发生在地表土层中。此外,通过研究地表的地 相似文献
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浅地表软弱覆盖层对地震动的影响具有强非线性,但因观测记录样本量过小,难以通过参考谱比法等直接方法予以可靠分析。本文基于日本KiK-net台网136个竖向钻井台阵获取的141881 组加速度记录的统计分析,研究了地表/井下反应谱比值随地震动强度变化的非线性变化规律与主要影响因素。利用变窗口尺度的滑动窗口平均法加强数据线性度,并确定了与地震动强度相关的台站最小记录样本量,统计结果表明地表/井下反应谱比值平台值随地震动强度变化的非线性衰减指数为-0.24～-0.08。利用套索（Lasso）算法统计回归发现,本研究12个场地特性表征参数中,30 m平均剪切波速（$ {V}_{\mathrm{s}30} $）、场地卓越频率与地表/井下反应谱比值非线性衰减指数具有较好的正相关性;较弱强度地震动作用下地表/井下傅里叶谱比值峰值、地表/井下反应谱比值峰值与地表/井下反应谱比值非线性衰减指数具有较好的负相关性。 相似文献
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针对自由场土体的非线性地震响应问题,采用悬挂式连续体模型箱,开展了横向一致激励和非一致激励下砂土自由场土体的振动台试验。通过试验,研究了不同地震动、不同地震强度作用下自由场土体的地震动反应特性及其变化规律,包括场地土体的动力特性、加速度地震响应、剪应力-剪应变以及土体的沉降。研究结果表明:土体的非线性发展程度不仅与地震动记录有关,还与地震动输入方式、加载等级有关;与一致激励相比,非一致激励下土体运动的不一致性引起了更强的土体结构性变化,频率降低,阻尼比增大,土体的加速度峰值和频谱峰值均有降低,土体的非线性发展相对较快。土体剪应力-剪应变曲线和沉降曲线的变化规律一定程度上也反映了土体的塑性发展情况,所得结论和自由场地震反应宏观现象一致,彼此佐证了结论的合理性。 相似文献
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2 复盖土层的一维地震反应历次地震的震害调查以及强震观测记录都表明,地表复盖土层对地震地面运动的幅值、频谱及持续时间有重要影响。如果地表有较强固的持力层,其下夹有软弱层,则软弱层可能会起某种减震作用。因此,研究在地震波作用下土体的动力特性并估计复盖土层对地震动的影响,始终是地震工程的重要研究课题。 相似文献
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软土具有高灵敏度、低强度等特性，在地震过程中极易产生震陷。基于OpenSees数值模拟方法对软土场地的震陷反应进行非线性动力有限元分析，通过改变地震动峰值加速度、频谱特性、输入方式来研究其对软土震陷的影响。结果表明，地震动峰值加速度对地基土的不均匀震陷有显著影响，地震动峰值加速度越大，震陷量显著增大，震陷影响深度更大，对水平地表造成的破坏范围也更大；地震动频谱特性对软土震陷有重要影响，当地震动卓越频率与场地自振频率相近时，其幅值越大，产生的震陷越严重；水平、竖向同时输入地震动的方式能更好地反映土体的振动及震陷响应。该研究成果对探索软土震陷的机理有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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《世界地震工程》2016,(1)
以港珠澳大桥工程人工岛为研究对象,采用动力有限元法模拟了地基-人工岛-海水系统三维地震反应。为计算土体的沉降变形,分析模型中回填土部分采用可以反映土体剪胀和应变软化特性的统一硬化模型进行模拟,对比分析了在水平单向、水平双向和三向输入地震荷载时,人工岛-地基系统加速度反应规律,以及人工岛地表峰值位移规律。研究结果表明,由于土与岛壁桩墙结构的动力相互作用,土体加速度放大系数以及地表沉降规律,均与地震动作用方向和人工岛长轴方向的夹角相关,多向地震作用时人工岛地表纵向地震反应大于横向地震反应,且在三向地震作用下地表差异沉降最显著,将引起桥梁与隧道连接处的非一致变形。 相似文献
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震害资料显示，场地条件对地震动特性以及工程结构破坏程度影响显著。为减少因场地效应而造成的经济损失和社会影响，在进行场地地震反应分析时，需最大限度地减小因场地土层模型参数的不确定性引起的地震动评估偏差，为工程结构地震反应分析选取并生成适当的地震动输入。随着强震动观测技术的逐渐发展，大量可靠的钻井台阵记录为地震过程中场地观测点的动力反应提供了直接数据。以美国加州地区La Cienega钻井台阵强震动观测数据为基础，利用互相关函数，对不同强度地震作用下场地土层的平均剪切波速进行分析，并在此基础上，以Cyclic 1D为模拟平台，建立一维自由场地地震反应有限元分析模型。分析结果表明：通过钻井台阵地震动观测数据识别，得到场地平均剪切波速，能够反映该场地的动力特性，数值模拟计算结果和台阵地震动记录基本吻合，可为数值模型参数选取提供依据。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal characteristics exhibited by earthquake ground motions at points below the soil surface have important implications for both deeply embedded structures and for spatially extended constructed facilities. In most cases, the characteristics of the seismic motion are known only at the surface, since it is there where most (but not all) of the historical earthquake records have been obtained. While downhole arrays can provide valuable additional information on motion statistics below the surface, it is both possible and desirable to supplement the available database with predictive computational models. With this goal in mind, this paper presents an analytical model to estimate the statistical properties of seismic motions at any point in the ground on the basis of the statistical properties obtained from records on the surface. The emphasis is on the particular cases of stationary SH-waves propagating in a multi-layered soil, and of stationary P-waves propagating in a half-space. The stochastic deconvolution model considered here is based on a formulation with matrices of spectral density functions. Together with the existing formulation based on cross-correlation matrices proposed earlier by Kausel and Pais (J. Engng Mech. Div., ASCE 113 (2) (1998) 266–277), this stochastic deconvolution technique will be referred to as the Complete Stochastic Deamplification Approach (CSDA). The results obtained show that the reduction in the intensity of shaking with embedment is more pronounced when SH-waves propagate in a stratified soil than when they propagate in a homogeneous half-space. Also, it is found that incident P-waves exhibit greater coherency than incident SH-waves, an indication that it is important to distinguish between such wave types when developing coherence models from array data. 相似文献
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A new algorithm to correct the orientation error of the accelerometerat the Dahan Downhole Array, Hualien, Taiwan is developed. This algorithmconsists of three stages: (1) rotating two horizontal ground motions on thefree surface to the SH-SVdirection and SH axis offers a reference direction.(2) computing the synthetic downhole SH waves at a downhole station and (3)searching a rotation angle for downhole observation that yields a best waveformmatch between the synthetic and observed downhole seismograms. At this point, the rotated angle corresponding to the best waveform match can be considered as the orientation error. We selected five earthquakes with good data qualityfor analysis. Results show that this algorithm gives a more stable estimationthan a conventional method because it allows the selection of data from a wider time window for analyses. The estimated orientation error of the accelerometers at the Dahan Downhole Array after the 1999 reinstallation are40°, 114° and 285° at depths of 50, 100 and 200 m, respectively. 相似文献
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— In this paper, the site characteristics of the Dahan downhole array are studied by analyzing the September 21, 1999 M 7.3 Chi-Chi earthquake sequence including the main shock and some aftershocks. The four-level array (0 m, 50 m, 100 m and 200 m) is located to the north of Hualien City in eastern Taiwan. Polarization analysis is used to check the orientation errors of the seismometers at different levels of depth. If the surface instrument is chosen as reference, the angle between the major polarization axes of the surface and any downhole records is the orientation error that must be corrected for the downhole accelerographs. The orientation errors at depths of 50 m, 100 m and 200 m are 32°, 120° and –84°. After the corrections, the coherency between the surface and downhole records is substantially improved. Spectral ratio analysis shows that the predominant frequency of the Chi-Chi main shock shifts to a lower frequency. We also simulate ground motions at different depths by using the Haskell method with a linear velocity structure model. The record at surface is chosen as the input motion. Compared with the observed data, ground acceleration can be well reproduced for the aftershocks (weak-motion events) of the September 21, 1999 M 7.3 Chi-Chi earthquake. However, for the Chi-Chi main shock, the synthetic waveform cannot match well with the observation neither in amplitude nor in phase. This indicates that large ground shaking probably induced the nonlinear site effect at that time, and the model used cannot support it.Acknowledgement. The authors would like to express their thanks to Dr. L.F. Bonilla and one anonymous reviewer for their valuable suggestions. This research was supported by the National Science Council under grant number NSC 89-2921-M-194-007. The Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica supplied the strong-motion data. The support of these organizations is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
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A novel framework integrating downhole array data and site response analysis to extract dynamic soil behavior 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Seismic site response analysis is commonly used to predict ground response due to local soil effects. An increasing number of downhole arrays are deployed to measure motions at the ground surface and within the soil profile and to provide a check on the accuracy of site response analysis models. Site response analysis models, however, cannot be readily calibrated to match field measurements. A novel inverse analysis framework, self-learning simulations (SelfSim), to integrate site response analysis and field measurements is introduced. This framework uses downhole array measurements to extract the underlying soil behavior and develops a neural network-based constitutive model of the soil. The resulting soil model, used in a site response analysis, provides correct ground response. The extracted cyclic soil behavior can be further enhanced using multiple earthquake events. The performance of the algorithm is successfully demonstrated using synthetically generated downhole array recordings. 相似文献
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土-结构相互作用效应对结构基底地震动影响的试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用土与结构动力相互作用振动台模型试验数据,通过各种试验工况下土层表面与基础表面加速度反应的比较,深入探讨了土与结构动力相互作用效应对高层建筑结构基底地震动的影响。从输入地震动频谱特性、输入地震动强度水平和上部结构动力特性3个方面详细分析了与SSI效应对高层建筑基底震动影响程度有关的一些因素。结果表明：SSI效应对高层建筑基底地震动的影响与输入地震波的动力特性有很大关系。在地震动的频谱成分方面,SSI效应对高层建筑基底地震动的影响主要体现为土层表面和基础表面在与输入地震动卓越频率相近处的频谱成分有较大差异;SSI效应对高层建筑基底地震动的影响程度随着输入加速度峰值水平的增加而减小;在某一特定地震波作用下,当上部结构的振动频率与地震地面运动的卓越频率相近时,SSI效应对高层建筑基底地震动的影响较为强烈。 相似文献
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Asl? Kurtulu? 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2011,9(5):1443-1461
Geotechnical downhole arrays that record seismic ground response in near-surface layers are increasingly becoming one of the
best sources of information for developing, verifying, and calibrating engineering analyses and design methods. Recently,
three geotechnical downhole arrays have been installed in the European side of Istanbul, Turkey with efforts of Kandilli Observatory
and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI). The existing high seismic activity of the region increases the scientific importance
of these downhole arrays. Each array is composed of one accelerometer on the ground surface and three or four borehole accelerometers
at various depths along the soil profile with the deepest sensor located at the engineering bedrock level (Vs > 750 m/s). The arrays also provide reference bedrock motion for Rapid Response Network composed of 55 surface instruments
operated by KOERI in the west European side of city. An important aspect of this paper is to introduce the recently-completed
test sites emphasizing on their potential to generate valuable data for scientific community. Preliminary analysis of the
recorded data provides evidence for significant site amplification of ground motion by the surface layers. Comparisons between
the recorded and modeled response indicate that Vs 30 alone is a poor indicator of the amplification potential emphasizing the importance of site-specific analyses in predicting
the ground response as opposed to empirical approaches. 相似文献