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1.
山西地堑系的现代构造活动特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
山西地堑系近二十多年来地壳垂直活动较为强烈,山区上升幅度为30—50毫米,盆地下降幅度为20—40毫米。主要断裂垂直位移速率小于1毫米/年,有些断裂水平位移速率约1.5—2.0毫米/年。本区现代构造活动,主要受北东—北东东向挤压作用,致使地堑系出现了北北东向不连续的剪切破裂带,两侧块体作相对右旋扭动,再加上北西向的拉张作用,区内形成了一系列的断陷盆地。 相似文献
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本文采用地貌分析法确定了云南省通海—石屏地区第四纪中的地表垂直构造形变。应用这个形变资料,根据弹性位错理论求得区内几条活动断层的错距,其中曲江断裂的右旋水平错距为5公里。指出本区在第四纪中主要受北北西—南东东方向的压应力作用。根据地震裂缝、三边测量、定点基线测量和震源机制资料,求得本区现代构造应力场。作者发现它与第四纪构造应力场是相似的。由曲江断裂的平均5—7毫米/年的水平运动速度去估计,通海7.7级地震平均复发周期为300—400年。作者还指出通海地震前400年内,地震活动形成空区。并利用围空地震资料,求得空区内地震震级M与围空地震的断层总面积S之间存在经验关系, M=1gs-3.8 相似文献
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通过华北断块区的地震活动、空间分布、地震断裂力学参数分析和剪切破裂带地震滑动速率及应力计算等研究了该地区现代构造断裂的动力学问题。基本结果如下: (1) 由地震活动及其分布所构成的深部地壳的现代断裂为一稳定的剪切破裂网络体系。 (2) 由震源机制资料得到本区地震断层多属走滑型和近走滑型,震源区主应力为水平力和近水平力。但斜滑型断层和倾滑型断层以及斜力和近垂直力也占有不可忽视的比例。 (3) 由地震矩估算出剪切破裂带的平均滑动速率均小于0.1厘米/年。 (4) 用中小地震估算本区地震构造力约为几十——几百巴量级 相似文献
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本文分析了中国东部第四纪以来活动断裂的展布和基本特征。根据断层位移测量把活动断裂的现代运动分为四级:第一级为≥10毫米/年,第二级为<10—1毫米/年,第三级为<1—0.1毫米/年,第四级<0.1毫米/年。并根据活动断裂的展布和现代活动程度,把该区分为五个相对活动区和三个相对稳定区。指出了断裂活动的强弱与地震活动有一定的相关性,近年来强震则多发生在第一、二级断裂带上,相反,活动速率较低的断裂,近期地震活动水平不高,也未发生过强震。本文最后讨论了应力作用方式 相似文献
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福建沿海地区断裂构造发育,有北北东—北东向,北西向、东西向、南北向及环状或弧形断裂等构造系。近期以北北东—北东向压扭性断裂和北西向张扭性断裂活动性最强。它们控制着本区海岸地貌的发育以及地震的发生和分布。本文拟根据地壳垂直形变及海平面变化的资料,讨论本区有强震产生的活动断裂与地震活动。 相似文献
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依据成都区内的跨断层测量资料,计算了有关断裂带上各断层的垂直活动年速率并分析了断层活动的性质。结果表明,龙门山断裂的垂直活动年速率一般每年在0.1毫米以内,龙泉山两侧断层活动显示龙泉山每年约以0.1毫米速率抬升,蒲江断裂的北西盘近年以每年0.31毫米的速率相对南东盘抬升。各断层活动都具有压性。根据几条水准路线重复测量结果,计算了各处的地壳垂直形变率,大部地区相对都江堰市为沉降区,除绵阳、安县一带年沉降速率为3毫米外,一般沉降速率都较小,成都市区沉降年速率仅为0.3毫米,只有汶川附近为上升区。 相似文献
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本文依据现今区域水准测量资料及跨断层位移测量资料阐明祁连山北缘断裂带现今活动特点是以近南北—北东向的挤压并兼有右旋走滑的水平活动方式为主,在玉门一张掖段并伴有近似反对称的升降运动,最大垂直形变梯度R为0.2毫米/公里·年左右,跨断层基线测量的缩短速率为0.2—0.5毫米/年。在河西走廊内部,受次级构造运动的影响也存在有局部的隆起、拗陷的升降运动及断裂活动 相似文献
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北京地区新构造运动特征 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：11
根据北京地区构造演化、断裂活动、新构造运动、现代构造运动及地震活动等新资料,认为本区南、北段新构造运动特征存在明显差异,南段新构造活动较北段弱,未来地震危险性亦然 相似文献
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1668年郯城8．5级地震断裂的全新世滑动速率、古地震和强震复发周期 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据野外考察、实测和开挖资料，研究了１６６８年郯城８．５级地震断裂的水平和垂直位移及古地震标志和证据、全新世位移分布和滑动速率、古地震遗迹、古地震期次、强震复发周期以及地震破裂模式。研究结果表明，沿１６６８年郯城８．５级地震断裂上的全新世位移分布与１６６８年郯城地震破裂位移分布具有良好的同步性和分级特征。破裂位移和滑动速率在空间上是变化的，水平滑动速率在１．７～２．８毫米／年范围内变化，垂直位移速率在０．２～０．５毫米／年范围内波动，水平位移量与垂直位移量比为６～８倍。沿郯城地震断裂全新世发生了４次强震事件，８级大震具有准周期重复特征，郯城地震断裂上发生的地震拟合了特征地震模式。本文归纳总结出来的鉴别断裂水平和垂直位移及古地震事件的标志和准则，对活断层和古地震的深入研究有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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NEAR-FAULT DISPLACEMENT AND DEFORMATION OBTAINED FROM ONE-KILOMETER-LONG FAULT-CROSSING BASELINE MEASUREMENTS-A PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENT AT 2 SITES ON THE EASTERN BOUNDARY OF THE SICHUAN-YUNNAN BLOCK 
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下载免费PDF全文 The current and conventional fault-crossing short baseline measurement has a relatively high precision, but its measurement arrays usually fail to or cannot completely span major active fault zones due to the short length of the baselines, which are only tens to 100 meters. GNSS measurement has relatively low resolution on near-fault deformation and hence is not suitable for monitoring those faults with low motion and deformation rates, due to sparse stations and relatively low accuracy of the GNSS observation. We recently built up two experimental sites on the eastern boundary of the active Sichuan-Yunnan block, one crossing the Daqing section of the Zemuhe Fault and the other crossing the Longshu section of the Zhaotong Fault, aiming to test the measurement of near-fault motion and deformation by using fault-crossing arrays of one-kilometer-long baselines. In this paper, from a three-year-long data set we firstly introduce the selection of the sites and the methods of the measurement. We then calculate and analyze the near-field displacement and strain of the two sites by using three hypothetical models, the rigid body, elastic and composed models, proposed by previous researchers. In the rigid body model, we assume that an observed fault is located between two rigid blocks and the observed variances in baseline lengths result from the relative motion of the blocks. In the elastic model, we assume that a fault deforms uniformly within the fault zone over which a baseline array spans, and in the array baselines in different directions may play roles as strainmeters whose observations allow us to calculate three components of near-fault horizontal strain. In the composed model, we assume that both displacement and strain are accumulated within the fault zone that a baseline array spans, and both contribute to the observed variances in baseline lengths. Our results show that, from the rigid body model, variations in horizontal fault-parallel displacement component of the Zemuhe Fault at the Daqing site fluctuate within 3mm without obvious tendencies. The displacement variation in the fault-normal component keeps dropping in 2015 and 2016 with a cumulative decrease of 6mm, reflecting transverse horizontal compression, and it turns to rise slightly(suggesting extension)in 2017. From the elastic model, the variation in horizontal fault-normal strain component of the fault at Daqing shows mainly compression, with an annual variation close to 10-5, and variations in the other two strain components are at the order of 10-6. For the Longshu Fault, the rigid-body displacement of the fault varies totally within a few millimeters, but shows a dextral strike-slip tendency that is consistent with the fault motion known from geological investigation, and the observed dextral-slip rate is about 0.7mm/a on average. The fault-parallel strain component of the Longshu Fault is compressional within 2×10-6, and the fault-normal strain component is mainly extensional. Restricted by the assumption of rigid-body model, we have to ignore homolateral deformation on either side of an observed fault and attribute such deformation to the fault displacement, resulting in an upper limit estimate of the fault displacement. The elastic model emphasizes more the deformation on an observed fault zone and may give us information about localizations of near-fault strain. The results of the two sites from the composed model suggest that it needs caution when using this model due to that big uncertainty would be introduced in solving relevant equations. Level surveying has also been carried out at the meantime at the two sites. The leveling series of the Daqing site fluctuates within 4mm and shows no tendency, meaning little vertical component of fault motion has been observed at this site; while, from the rigid-body model, the fault-normal motion shows transverse-horizontal compression of up to 6mm, indicating that the motion of the Zemuhe Fault at Daqing is dominantly horizontal. The leveling series of the Longshu site shows a variation with amplitude comparable with that observed from the baseline series here, suggesting a minor component of thrust faulting; while the baseline series of the same site do not present tendencies of fault-normal displacement. Since the steep-dip faults at the two sites are dominantly strike-slip in geological time scale, we ignore probable vertical movement temporarily. In addition, lengths of homolateral baselines on either side of the faults change somewhat over time, and this makes us consider the existence of minor faults on either side of the main faults. These probable minor faults may not reach to the surface and have not been identified through geological mapping; they might result in the observed variances in lengths of homolateral baselines, fortunately such variations are small relative to those in fault-crossing baselines. In summary, the fault-crossing measurement using arrays with one-kilometer-long baselines provides us information about near-fault movement and strain, and has a slightly higher resolution relative to current GNSS observation at similar time and space scales, and therefore this geodetic technology will be used until GNSS networks with dense near-fault stations are available in the future. 相似文献
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利用小波变换分析方法提取沂沭断裂带及其分支断裂跨断层流动短水准和长水准趋势变化成分, 计算分析不同断裂的垂直形变速率和受力状态, 结果表明: 沂沭断裂带及其北西向分支断裂近期垂直形变速率均较小, 没有明显的速率异常和受力状态改变; 同一断裂具有分段和分时活动特征, 断裂活动性质与地质考察结果基本一致; 大部分水准观测场地在1995年苍山5.2级、 2011年日本9.0级地震前后断裂垂直形变速率和受力方式发生了变化; 山东近几年出现的跨断层水准异常基本结束, 仅存的冯家坊子水准异常存在一定干扰, 沂沭断裂带及附近地区近期发生强震的形变背景尚不明显。 相似文献
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长江三峡地区地壳形变特征及其构造意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本文讨论了三峡地区地壳形变特征,认为黄陵断块相对于周缘的差异性运动是存在的,最大年速率可达5—10毫米。跨断层的短水准结果以继承性断层活动为主,年速率在毫米级。水平形变网揭示仙女山断裂带近年来表现为左旋压扭性,天阳坪断裂带以右旋滑动为主 相似文献
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In this study, vertical deformation of different regions of Yunnan area in 1993-2013, 2001-2006, 2011-2017 is obtained using observational data of precise leveling. The results show that:1) In the whole, Yunnan area exhibits uplifting in the east of Yunnan and subsiding in the south of Yunnan, which is well consistent with the current horizontal velocity field obtained by GPS. In the east of Yunnan, southeastward horizontal velocity at the east boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan block is significantly decreased, which indicates extrusion deformation. This result is in accordance with the result that there is uplift in the east of Yunnan with precise leveling data. GPS velocity field rotates clockwise at Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, therefore east-west extension is formed in central and southern Yunnan, which coincides with crustal subsidence observed by precise leveling. 2)The vertical movement in the northwest of Yunnan mainly exhibits the succession movement of basin subsidence and mountain uplift, in which, in the rift zone, Chenghai Basin, Qina Basin, Binchuan Basin and Midu Basin distributed along Chenghai Fault are all in the sinking state and the sinking velocity of Binchuan Basin located in the end of the sinistral strike-slip Chenghai Fault is the maximum. The sinking velocity of Dali Basin distributed along Honghe Fault is approximately 0.5mm/a and the sinking velocity of Midu Basin is approximately 1mm/a under the comprehensive action of right-lateral Honghe Fault and left-lateral Chenghai Fault. On the northwest boundary of the fault zone, the vertical movement of the basins (Lijiang Basin, Jiangchuan Basin)under the control of the nearby Lijiang-Jianchuan Fault is not obvious and the nearby mountain area exhibits uplift. 3)In the Honghe Fault, the southern region still possesses strong activity. Seeing from the leveling profile and vertical deformation field, the Honghe Fault still possesses the significance of block boundary fault and strong activity. GPS velocity field reveals that the southeast movement velocity of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block is rapidly decreased near Xiaojiang Fault and the earth's crust is shortened and deformed. In the vertical deformation field, the uplift is formed near Xiaojiang Fault and there is obvious vertical deformation gradient. 4)Notably, deformation contour in the junction of Qujiang Fault and Xiaojiang Fault is characterized by four quadrant distribution, which indicates the possibility of earthquake. 相似文献
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大地震多发生在主要活动断裂带及其附近, 因此断层形变的监测与研究非常重要。 多年来采用跨断层短水准、 短基线、 跨断裂带综合观测剖面等手段监测断层活动, 进而研究断层活动与变形规律。 GNSS多用于大面积地壳水平运动场和主要地块活动与变形的研究, 随着GNSS数据的积累和应用研究的深入, 已有学者用GNSS从不同角度开展断层形变的监测与研究。 本文介绍和论述了GNSS在断层形变研究中已有的部分应用和新的探索, 主要介绍以下几个方面: ① GNSS用于断层走滑活动的监测与研究; ② GNSS用于断层垂直活动的监测与研究; ③ 通过研究断层两边地块变形规律并建立应变模型, 可分别依据各自模型推测断层的活动与形变, 将推测结果与跨断层观测到的实际情况进行研究与比较。 研究分析认为, 由块体推测的变形与实测变形差异越大, 说明块体相互作用越强烈。 这可能对强地震地点预测、 地震危险性判定及地震趋势预测均有重要意义。 相似文献
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文中对腾冲火山区1998—2004年水准及重力观测资料进行了分析,发现垂直形变量大多在±10mm之内,重力变化为几十μGal,火山锥体和断层附近点位活动异常较大,可综合应用多源mogi模型和断层模型解释,断层的活动可使相邻测点的形变方向相反;垂直形变和重力的逐年变化表明火山岩浆处于一种活动状态。将火山区点位各时间段的重力梯度展布在形变-重力关系解释图中,发现数据主要落在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ区,结合形变量对压力源等效体积的估算,初步认为火山区岩浆目前活动程度较低,暂没有喷发的危险 相似文献
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断层运动方式与滑动速率是断层活动性研究和地震危险性判定的重要参数。本文基于山西断陷带多年积累的跨断层水准观测资料,在处理与重构的基础上采用断层活动性分析方法,基于构造分区给出各构造区主要断层现今运动特征。结果表明,山西断陷带主要断层在观测期内以继承性正断运动为主,各盆地断层运动特征具有显著差异,表现为南、北两段的垂直活动量明显大于中段,其中,忻定盆地累积变化量值最小。从断层垂直活动速率来看,五台山断裂、系舟山山前断裂、唐河断裂和霍山山前断裂跨断层测段活动速率明显低于全区水平; 受长期构造应力加载及区域中强地震影响,各时段断层运动也存在差异变化,下达枝、亭旨头、太原、广胜寺等部分跨断层测段表现出明显的断层逆继承运动、断层相对闭锁等特征。 相似文献
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为了获取云南地区现今地壳形变和断层活动特征，收集了云南地区1992—2016年的2期精密水准观测资料，采用基于GNSS连续站垂直形变资料约束的平差方法，对区域整体地壳垂直形变特征进行了分析，结果显示滇西北区域地壳整体表现为隆升，垂向速率为2—3mm/a，滇南区域显示地壳沉降速率为-1—-2mm/a，并在下关—永胜和思茅—景谷一带存在地壳形变高梯度带。收集了该地区30多年的跨断层场地观测资料，计算了所跨断层的三维活动量，得出了断层现今活动状态和异常特征，认为滇西北和滇中南地区的场地多数表现出异常活动的现象，其中楚雄、剑川和永胜的监测断层现今表现出与地质背景相反的走滑和拉张特征，峨山、建水和通海场地所处断层在张压性质上与地质背景相反。结合区域水准和跨断层观测分析结果，从“面”和“线”上得出滇西北和滇中南地区存在地壳形变和断层活动异常，构造应力积累较高的结果，加之缺震背景显著，认为应关注该区域中强地震的危险性。 相似文献