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1.
太湖真光层深度的计算及遥感反演   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
真光层是浮游植物进行光合作用的水层,真光层反演有利于初级生产力的进一步估算.利用2007-01-07和2006-084-01两期陆地卫星TM数据与同步水质参数数据,建立太湖水体非色素颗粒物浓度和叶绿素a浓度的反演模型,反演出太湖冬、夏两季的非色素颗粒物、叶绿素a浓度.然后根据在太湖建立的真光层深度与非色素颗粒物、叶绿素a浓度之间的关系模型,计算得到太湖冬、夏两季真光层深度空间分布.结果表明,就整个湖区而言,冬季真光层深度变化范围为0.27-2.28m,均值为0056±0.22m,夏季真光层深度变化范围为0.21-2.03m,均值为0.98±0.24m.从空间上看,冬季时真光层深度的变化规律为:南太湖<西部沿岸<湖心区<胥口湾<贡湖湾<梅梁湾<东太湖<竺山湾;夏季时的变化规律为:西部沿岸<梅梁湾<东太湖<湖心区<贡湖湾<竺山湾<南太湖<胥口湾.从季节上看,夏季真光层深度显著大于冬季,但不同湖区真光层深度季节变化也存在一定差异,其中梅梁湾、贡湖湾、西部沿岸、湖心区、胥口湾、南太湖夏季真光层深度大于冬季,而竺山湾和东太湖夏冬变化则不是很明显.  相似文献   

2.
用黑白瓶测氧法对梅梁湾春季浮游植物初级生产力的变化特征进行研究,探讨了初级生产力的日变化、垂直变化、区域分布、浮游植物现存量与初级生产力的关系以及不同曝光时间对P-I曲线的影响.结果表明,梅梁湾浮游植物初级生产力存在明显的日变化,最大值出现在10:00-14:00;初级生产力在梅梁湾分布呈现为从湾内向湾口逐渐递减的趋势;除表层水受光抑制影响使其生产力相对较低外,初级生产力随水深的增加而降低;初级生产力与叶绿素a存在显著的正相关,用水柱层平均叶绿素a浓度来估算初级生产力比用表层叶绿素a浓度来估算要更为精确;短的曝光时间往往带来高的初级生产力和同化系数.  相似文献   

3.
水体富营养化会对整个水生态系统产生重要影响.为了解太湖富营养化对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响,于2012年3月至2013年2月对太湖3个典型湖区——藻型湖区(梅梁湾)、草型湖区(胥口湾)和强扰动湖区(湖心区)开展浮游甲壳动物群落结构季节变化比较研究.3个湖区中,湖心区营养水平最高,胥口湾最低.梅梁湾浮游甲壳动物密度和生物量最高,其次是湖心区,胥口湾最低.梅梁湾、湖心区和胥口湾的浮游甲壳动物年平均密度分别为199、150和91 ind./L,年平均生物量分别为1.950、1.557和0.743 mg/L.在整个研究期间,梅梁湾、胥口湾和湖心区的浮游甲壳动物种类数分别为13、11和11;3个湖区的浮游甲壳动物优势种均为中华窄腹剑水蚤和简弧象鼻溞,其中中华窄腹剑水蚤在梅梁湾、胥口湾和湖心区的年平均密度分别为57、25和36 ind./L,简弧象鼻溞在3个湖区的年平均密度分别为40、22和32 ind./L.胥口湾浮游甲壳动物生物多样性指数显著低于梅梁湾和湖心区.相关分析表明,浮游甲壳动物密度与叶绿素a浓度呈极显著正相关.研究表明,同一湖泊不同生态类型湖区浮游甲壳动物会对水体富营养化产生不同的生态响应.  相似文献   

4.
基于2003年7月在龙感湖、太湖梅梁湾以及2004年7月在太湖站栈桥的连续不同风浪条件下水下光场原位观测资料,分析风浪作用引起的沉积物再悬浮对PAR衰减,吸收系数及真光层深度的影响.结果表明,在龙感湖,小风浪、中风浪和大风浪的PAR衰减系数分别是1.74,2.02,2.45 m-1,400~700 nm光谱衰减系数变化范围分别为0.98~2.97,1.34~3.95,1.82~5.40 m-1;在太湖梅梁湾,小风浪、中风浪和大风浪PAR衰减系数分别是2.63,3.72,4.37 m-1,从小风浪到、中风浪、大风浪衰减系数分别增加了41%,66%;太湖站栈桥边PAR波段积分CDOM吸收系数在中风浪和大风浪的值分别为0.26,0.28 m-1,浮游植物吸收系数从中风浪到大风浪反而由0.76降低到0.49m-1,沉积物再悬浮引起非藻类颗粒物的吸收则由0.94增加到1.73 m-1,增加了84%,总悬浮物颗粒物吸收由1.70增加到2.22 m-1,增加了30.6%.非藻类颗粒物吸收对总吸收系数贡献最大,中风浪、大风浪下贡献率分别达44.14%,65.05%.龙感湖,梅梁湾,栈桥边3站点从中风浪到大风浪,PAR真光层深度分别降低0.40,0.19,0.20 m.透明度、PAR衰减系数、真光层深度与悬浮物浓度、风速、波高等均存在显著性线性相关,并且与悬浮物中无机颗粒物相关性最好,而与叶绿素a、脱镁叶绿素及溶解性有机碳相关性很低.由此可见,在龙感湖和太湖等长江中下游浅水湖泊,风浪扰动引起悬浮物浓度的增加尤其是无机颗粒物的增加是影响水下光场的主导因素.  相似文献   

5.
于2014年1月(枯水期)、7月(丰水期)对鄱阳湖湖水进行采集,测定相应的理化参数、叶绿素a浓度和光合有效辐射,结合初级生产力垂向归纳模型估算浮游植物初级生产力,分析湖区初级生产力特征及与环境因子的相关性.结果表明,鄱阳湖枯水期浮游植物初级生产力波动范围为83.50~355.43 mg C/(m~3·d),平均值为193.33 mg C/(m~3·d),初级生产力空间分布特征主要受水体类型的影响,枯水期初级生产力与氮、磷营养盐浓度呈负相关,其中与铵态氮浓度呈显著负相关,枯水期不会出现营养盐限制现象;丰水期浮游植物初级生产力波动范围为113.80~1134.06 mg C/(m~3·d),平均值为412.12 mg C/(m~3·d),初级生产力空间分布主要受河流注入的影响,丰水期浮游植物初级生产力与总磷及悬浮物浓度呈显著正相关,由于悬浮物对浮游植物生长的促进作用大于抑制作用,鄱阳湖丰水期会出现磷营养盐的限制;鄱阳湖整体平均流速约为0.28 m/s,易于浮游植物的生长,南鄱阳湖平均流速约为0.21 m/s,而北鄱阳湖平均流速约为0.35 m/s,所以南鄱阳湖比北鄱阳湖更容易发生水体富营养化并暴发水华.  相似文献   

6.
太湖典型湖区真光层深度的时空变化及其生态意义   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
利用1998~2004年在太湖不同湖区进行的多次水下辐照度观测资料及全湖典型湖区13个站点1993~2003年的悬浮物和风速资料, 分析了PAR真光层深度的影响因素, 并获得太湖典型湖区真光层深度的时空变化以及2号点真光层深度的光谱分布. 结果表明, PAR真光层深度主要受悬浮物浓度影响, 其次则是叶绿素a浓度, 溶解性物质对其影响甚微. 1993~2003年典型湖区PAR真光层深度年均值在1.04~1.95 m之间变化(均值为1.35±0.23 m), 空间上大致可以分为3类区, 其中湖心区、河口区最小, 为Ⅰ类区; 梅梁湾、五里湖、贡湖湾其次, 为Ⅱ类区; 东太湖最大, 为Ⅲ类区, 对应的均值分别为1.1, 1.4, 2.0 m左右. 不同湖区真光层深度季节变化存在一定差异, 其中湖心区真光层深度夏、秋2季大于冬、春2季, 梅梁湾是冬季要大于其他3季, 而东太湖则是冬季均要小于其他3季, 五里湖、贡湖湾和河口区4季变化则不是很明显. 真光层深度的光谱分布最小值出现在400 nm的蓝光波段, 最高值出现在580 nm附近的绿光波段. 1998~1999年在2号点每季多日连续观测得到PAR真光层深度春、夏、秋、冬4季的均值分别为2.00±0.21, 2.52±0.45, 1.58±0.24, 2.00±0.15 m, 而浮游植物吸收的440 nm峰值对应的真光层深度则只有0.81~1.47 m(均值为1.07±0.29 m), 明显低于1.98±0.41 m的平均PAR真光层深度.  相似文献   

7.
丰水期鄱阳湖超微型浮游植物空间分布特征及其影响因子   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
2014年夏季对鄱阳湖进行采样调查,以探究超微型浮游植物在鄱阳湖中的空间分布特征及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明,丰水期鄱阳湖超微型浮游植物细胞丰度较高,平均值为1.04×108cells/L,超微蓝藻是超微型浮游植物的优势种群,尤其在北部通江湖区,占总超微藻丰度的比例超过80%.超微藻对总浮游植物净初级生产力和生物量(以叶绿素a浓度表示)贡献率的均值分别为44%和46%.鄱阳湖超微藻在空间分布上存在差异,超微藻丰度和叶绿素a浓度在南部湖区最高,其次是北部湖区,在东部和中部湖区相对较低.北部湖区超微藻对总浮游植物净初级生产力和生物量的贡献率全湖最高,分别能达到60%和50%.相关性分析表明,营养盐对超微型浮游植物生长的作用表现不明显,超微藻对总浮游植物净初级生产力的贡献率与水体透明度呈极显著负相关,水体p H值对超微真核藻丰度有显著影响.  相似文献   

8.
湖北浮桥河水库浮游植物初级生产力及其管理   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
浮桥河水库浮游植物水柱日生产量变幅为0.34-4.99 g/(m2·d),最低值出现在下游冬季,最高值出现在中游秋季,年平均值2.75 g/(m2·d)季节变化:秋季>夏季>春季>冬季,与浮游植物叶绿素a含量和生物量的季节变化一致;水平分布:中游略高于上游,下游最低,与浮游植物叶绿素a含量的水平分布完全一致表层日生产量占水柱日生产量53.81%.与1980年同期相比,浮游植物初级生产力增加了1.2倍.分析表明,磷含量增加是浮游植物初级生产力提高的关键因子.应用能量收支法估算浮桥河水库鲢鳙渔产潜力为772t,516.0 kh/hm2.从渔业管理和水质管理角度讨论了合理利用浮游植物初级生产力的措施.  相似文献   

9.
为探究长江中下游富营养化浅水湖泊的浮游植物初级生产力季节性演替特征及其驱动因子,本研究于2020年4月(春)、8月(夏)、10月(秋)及2021年1月(冬)对湖北长湖浮游植物进行采样调查,同时运用黑白瓶测氧法及VGPM模型估算法分别估算了其浮游植物生产力水平,并探究驱动初级生产力季节性变化的主要环境因子。结果显示,4个季节共鉴定出浮游植物194种,其中绿藻门(95种,49%)和硅藻门(40种,21%)居绝对优势地位;黑白瓶法测得浮游植物水柱总生产力(Pt)季节变化为:夏季((1841.24±345.93) mg C/(m2·d))>秋季((1324.14±208.34) mg C/(m2·d))>春季((847.50±247.72) mg C/(m2·d))>冬季((711.43±133.52) mg C/(m2·d)),其中M2站位在夏季采样时(2424.66 mg C/(m2·d))水柱总生产力最高;在垂直空间上,浮游植物总生产力(G...  相似文献   

10.
太湖梅梁湾水土界面反硝化和厌氧氨氧化   总被引:18,自引:3,他引:15       下载免费PDF全文
运用无扰动芯样实验室内流动培养、稳定同位素示踪、同位紊气态产物测定及同位素配对技术,对太湖梅梁湾北部到南部的4个梯度样点的水土界面反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率进行研究.结果表明,梅梁湾内及湾外开敞湖区4个样点的水土界面反硝化脱氮速率为(46.36±13.26)-(16.34±22,74)μmol/(m~2·h),厌氧氨氧化脱氮速率为(7.50±2.21)-(2.05±2.90)~mol/(m~2.b).梅梁湾北部河口区水土界面总脱氮能力明显高于梅梁湾南部及开敞湖区.通过对脱氮过程的进一步研究发现.北部脱氮过程主要以上覆水硝酸盐为底物的非耦合反硝化过程(D_w)为优势过程,而梅梁湾外开敞湖区则以沉积物硝化过程耦合控制的反硝化(D_n)为主.影响D_n、D_w在反硝化中比重的主要因素是沉积物溶氧侵蚀深度和上覆水NO_3~-.浓度的差异;梅梁湾厌氧氨氧化脱氮比例占总脱氮比例为12%-14%,湾外开敞湖区则占11%,影响其比例差异的主要因子是反硝化强度的大小及其反硝化中间产物--亚硝酸盐含量的差异.  相似文献   

11.
Euphotic depth can be defined as the portion of wa- ter column that supports the net primary productivity. Its lower end is the critical depth, namely, the depth measured when the daily net primary productivity is zero[1]. In the ecosystems of oceans, lakes and rivers, phytoplankton live in the euphotic depth and euphotic depth is usually taken as the lower boundary, when studying the primary productivity and biomass of phytoplankton; therefore the corresponding depth is sometimes called the t…  相似文献   

12.
湖泊光学研究进展及其展望   总被引:11,自引:4,他引:7  
张运林 《湖泊科学》2011,23(4):483-497
从湖泊光学研究理论框架、研究方法、水体生物光学特性、有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)生物地球化学循环、光与浮游植物相互关系、沉积物再悬浮光学效应、湖泊水色遥感等几个方面全面回顾了湖泊光学研究进展.湖泊光学研究理论框架主要包括各光学组份吸收、散射、漫射衰减及辐射传输方程;近年来,逐步发展了野外时空格局调查、水动力水华过程连续...  相似文献   

13.
An investigation of phytoplankton production and physiology was undertaken during two research cruises on the southeastern shelf of southern Africa. The data set included photosynthesis-irradiance and active fluorescence parameters, phytoplankton absorption coefficients and HPLC pigment concentrations. Primary production was estimated to vary over a similar range for both cruises within 0.27–3.69 g C m−2 d−1. Pigment indices indicated that diatoms were dominant on the first cruise and the communities were subject to conditions where the mixed layer was deeper than the euphotic zone and they optimized their photosynthesis to very low light intensities at the bottom and below the euphotic zone. Mixed diatom-flagellate populations were observed during the second cruise where the euphotic zone was deeper than the mixed layer and the populations adapted to irradiances higher in the euphotic zone. In response to a mean lower water column PAR, it was found that these mixed communities increased the proportion of chlorophyll a in the pigment pool and had a higher quantum yield of photochemistry and higher light-limited photosynthetic efficiency.  相似文献   

14.
程海位于云南省丽江市永胜县,是高原封闭型深水湖泊的典型代表.为了揭示程海真光层深度的时空分布及其影响因子,于2016年3月-2017年2月在程海布设9个点位开展逐月调查.结果显示:光合有效辐射漫射衰减系数、真光层深度的年均值分别为1.06±0.25 m-1、4.64±1.27 m;空间变化方面,无论"北、中、南部"还是"西、中、东部",全年、逐月及雨旱季的真光层深度均无显著差异;时间变化方面,5月的真光层深度最高(6.49±1.03 m)、7月的最低(3.63±0.48 m),且全年、雨季、旱季的各月份间差异显著;回归分析发现,浮游植物生物量是程海真光层深度的最主要影响因子,悬浮物浓度次之(主要在雨季),有色可溶性有机物的影响甚微.为进一步识别程海真光层深度的间接影响因子,本文还分析了浮游植物生物量与生态因子的相关性.本研究可为程海的保护和治理积累数据并提供借鉴.  相似文献   

15.
Based on three continuous in situ underwater light field measurement under different wind waves conditions in Longgan Lake, Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake in July 2003 and littoral zone near TLLER in July 2004, respectively, the effects of sediment resuspension caused by wind waves on PAR diffuse attenuation, absorption coefficients and euphotic depths are analyzed. In Longgan Lake, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients during small, middle and large wind waves were 1.74, 2.02 and 2.45 m-1, respectively, and the corresponding PAR spectral diffuse attenuations ranged from 0.98 to 2.97, 1.34 to 3.95 and 1.80 to 5.40 m-1, respectively. In Meiliang Bay, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients were 2.63, 3.72, 4.37 m-1 during small, middle and large wind waves. PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients increased by 41% and 66% from small to middle, large wind waves, respectively. Absorption coefficients integrated over the range of PAR of CDOM, phytoplankton were 0.26, 0.28 m-1; 0.76, 0.49 m-1, respectively during middle and large wind waves. Absorption coefficients integrated over the range of PAR of non-algal particulate matter and total suspended particulate matter increased from 0.94 to 1.73 m-1, and from 1.70 to 2.22 m-1, respectively during middle and large wind waves. Relative contributions of absorption coefficients of non-algal particulate matter to total absorption coefficient integrated over the range of PAR were 44.14%, 65.05%, respectively, during middle and large wind waves. PAR euphotic depths decreased by 0.40, 0.19, 0.20 m from middle to large wind waves in Longganhu Lake, Meliang Bay and littoral zone near TLLER. Significant correlations were found between transparency, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients, euphotic depths and total suspended paniculate matter, wind velocity, wave height. Most significant correlations were found between transparency, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients, euphotic depths and inorganic suspended paniculate matter but low correlations for chlorophyll a, dissolved organic carbon. Increase of total suspended paniculate matter, especially inorganic suspended paniculate matter caused by wind waves was the dominant factor affecting underwater light field in shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River based on observations at three stations.  相似文献   

16.
During a summer period we studied the vertical variation of in vivo and chlorophyll a specific phytoplankton absorption spectra in relation to the underwater light climate of ten deep North Patagonian Andean lakes of Argentina. The lakes were thermally stratified, and the underwater light climate was characterized by extended euphotic zones which included highly illuminated epilimnetic layers (both UVR and PAR) and metalimnia exposed to dim blue-green light. Most of the lakes presented the development of Deep Chlorophyll Maxima (DCM) at the metalimnetic layers, near 1% of surface PAR irradiance. Analyzing the fourth-derivative plots of in vivo phytoplankton absorption spectra [dIVaph(λ)], we were able to identify several maxima absorption values attributed to different pigments. Considering lakes with DCM, a significant positive linear relationship was found between dIVaph (495–500 nm) normalized by chlorophyll a and downward irradiance. Indeed, a negative significant relationship was found between dIVaph (495–500 nm) normalized by chlorophyll a and diffuse PAR attenuation coefficients. These results point out an increase in the relative concentration of different carotenoids at surface layers indicating the role of photoprotection of these pigments. On the other hand, significant negative linear relationships were found between fourth-derivative spectra normalized by chlorophyll a at 650, 590–595, 560–565 and 520–525 nm and downward irradiance. These results indicated an increase in the relative concentration of photosynthetic accessory pigments at deep layers of the euphotic zone. Furthermore, we found a decrease in depth of specific absorption spectra at 440, 670 nm and in the ratio aph* (440 nm) to aph* (670 nm). This pattern was associated with the package effect concept. The increase in relative photosynthetic accessory pigment concentrations and the decrease in values of specific absorption spectra at the bottom of the euphotic zone were attributed to changes in phytoplankton communities between surface and deep layers. These outcomes pointed out that the underwater light climate and temperature water structure are, like in marine systems, very important factors governing the distribution of phytoplanktonic organisms. In addition, the possession of specific photosynthetic accessory pigments suggests that dominant species in the DCM are well adapted to these dim blue-green light scenarios.  相似文献   

17.
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is essential for plant photosynthesis and carbon cycle, and is also important for meteorological and environmental monitoring. To advance China’s disaster and environmental monitoring capabilities, the HJ-1A/B satellites have been placed in Earth orbit. One of their environmental monitoring objectives is the study of PAR. We simulated direct solar, scattered and environment radiation between 400 and 700 nm under different atmospheric parameters (solar zenith angle, atmospheric water vapor, atmospheric ozone, aerosol optical thickness, surface elevation and surface albedo), and then established a look-up table between these input parameters and PAR. Based on the look-up table, we used HJ-1A/B aerosol and surface albedo outputs to derive the corresponding PAR. Validation of inversed instantaneous and observed PAR values using HJ-1 Heihe experimental data had a root mean square error of 25.2 W m?2, with a relative error of 5.9%. The root mean square error for accumulated daily PAR and observed values was 0.49 MJ m?2, with a relative error of 3.5%. Our approach improved significantly the computational efficiency, compared with using directly radiation transfer equations. We also studied the sensitivity of various input parameters to photosynthetically active radiation, and found that solar zenith angle and atmospheric aerosols were sensitive PAR parameters. Surface albedo had some effect on PAR, but water vapor and ozone had minimal impact on PAR.  相似文献   

18.

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is essential for plant photosynthesis and carbon cycle, and is also important for meteorological and environmental monitoring. To advance China’s disaster and environmental monitoring capabilities, the HJ-1A/B satellites have been placed in Earth orbit. One of their environmental monitoring objectives is the study of PAR. We simulated direct solar, scattered and environment radiation between 400 and 700 nm under different atmospheric parameters (solar zenith angle, atmospheric water vapor, atmospheric ozone, aerosol optical thickness, surface elevation and surface albedo), and then established a look-up table between these input parameters and PAR. Based on the look-up table, we used HJ-1A/B aerosol and surface albedo outputs to derive the corresponding PAR. Validation of inversed instantaneous and observed PAR values using HJ-1 Heihe experimental data had a root mean square error of 25.2 W m−2, with a relative error of 5.9%. The root mean square error for accumulated daily PAR and observed values was 0.49 MJ m−2, with a relative error of 3.5%. Our approach improved significantly the computational efficiency, compared with using directly radiation transfer equations. We also studied the sensitivity of various input parameters to photosynthetically active radiation, and found that solar zenith angle and atmospheric aerosols were sensitive PAR parameters. Surface albedo had some effect on PAR, but water vapor and ozone had minimal impact on PAR.

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19.
Vertical distributions of chlorophyll in deep, warm monomictic lakes   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The factors affecting vertical distributions of chlorophyll fluorescence were examined in four temperate, warm monomictic lakes. Each of the lakes (maximum depth >80 m) was sampled over 2 years at intervals from monthly to seasonal. Profiles were taken of chlorophyll fluorescence (as a proxy for algal biomass), temperature and irradiance, as well as integrated samples from the surface mixed layer for chlorophyll a (chl a) and nutrient concentrations in each lake. Depth profiles of chlorophyll fluorescence were also made along transects of the longest axis of each lake. Chlorophyll fluorescence maxima occurred at depths closely correlated with euphotic depth (r 2 = 0.67, P < 0.01), which varied with nutrient status of the lakes. While seasonal thermal density stratification is a prerequisite for the existence of a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), our study provides evidence that the depth of light penetration largely dictates the DCM depth during stratification. Reduction in water clarity through eutrophication can cause a shift in phytoplankton distributions from a DCM in spring or summer to a surface chlorophyll maximum within the surface mixed layer when the depth of the euphotic zone (z eu) is consistently shallower than the depth of the surface mixed layer (z SML). Trophic status has a key role in determining vertical distributions of chlorophyll in the four lakes, but does not appear to disrupt the annual cycle of maximum chlorophyll in winter.  相似文献   

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