共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 604 毫秒
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截直断裂是发育在大型的走滑或斜滑断裂带末端的分支断裂，断裂带长期反复活动，在其末端，因地壳应力消散或减弱，断裂走向发生急剧转折之后，在转折点附近产生了截直断裂，截直断裂的性状可以归纳为如下几点：（１）发育于接近主干断裂末端的转折点附近，其走向与主干断裂的总体走向一致，性状与主干断裂相似；（２）切割的地层或控制的沉积较的裂为新；（３）断裂的长度较小，断面较主干断裂为陡，（４）形成的时代为主干断裂发育 相似文献
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华北西部许多第四系隐伏的断陷盆地,经人工地震探测发现在盆地边缘存在生长性主干大断裂。于大断裂附近隆起的山麓露头区,有时出露新活动断裂,二者性质似乎"相同"、产状近于平行。隐伏的主干大断裂发育的最晚时代(时代上限)与山麓活动断裂的形成时代接近,因此被认为是同一断裂系,其差异仅仅是出露与隐伏的不同。为此以内蒙古临河断陷盆地为例进行了实地野外观察与地震反射剖面解释,认为隐伏的主干断裂是自下向上发育的生长断裂,是地壳运动的产物,而山麓露头的活动断裂则是自上向下滑落,断裂的形成倾向于(主要)是重力因素。二者本质上毫无关系,不是一个断裂系,不能依据山麓活动断裂的特征来推导隐伏断裂的性状与活动性。 相似文献
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通过野外地质调查、浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面探测等方法,对废黄河断裂的第四纪活动性进行了研究。浅层地震勘探结果表明,废黄河断裂由南北两条主干断裂组成,南支断裂倾向NE,北支断裂倾向SW,总体为一地堑形式,断裂宽度为1~2km。在地震剖面上,废黄河断裂的各个断点都是以断错基岩面为特征,并未断错第四系内部层位。钻孔联合剖面探测结果显示,废黄河断裂断错了中更新统层位,但未断错其顶面。在凤山一带发现1条废黄河断裂的次级断层出露,结合断层泥胶结程度、测年结果和地貌特征等判断,该断层最新活动为中更新世中期。综合以上研究工作成果,判断废黄河断裂早期为左旋活动,第四纪以来表现为张性活动,其最新活动时代为中更新世中期。受构造背景的控制,徐州地区发育的NW向断裂明显较相邻的鲁西南地区的NW向断裂活动性弱。 相似文献
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本文根据近年来多次野外考察所积累的实际材料,总结了燕山地区北西向断裂构造基本特征。文章结合地质构造、地震和地球物理资料的分析,论证了基底北西西向断裂构造带的空间展布、形成发展、活动方式及其与地震活动的关系。提出北西西向断裂构造带属于地壳断裂范畴,既控制了断块构造的发育,又控制了现代地震活动。北西向断裂构造密集成带和雁列式展布是北西西向断裂构造带在沉积盖层的一种表现。同时认为,北西西向断裂构造带的活动方式是与断块构造相对运动密切关联。中、新生代以来,其活动方式除了表现差异运动外,还具有剪切活动的性质,并约在晚白垩世—早第三纪剪切活动方式有明显地转变 相似文献
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东南沿海地区的断裂与地震 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国东部,相对来说东南沿海地区的地震活动较为频繁,断裂构造也十分发育。地震活动与断裂构造有非常密切的关系,震中与断裂构造的空间分布也关系密切。通过对东南沿海大量震例的调查和研究,分析三组断裂与地震的关系,得出东南沿海地区东西向、北东向和北西向的三组断裂构造,分别构成了区内的衰减构造、控震构造和发震构造,形成了东南沿海陆缘构造活动带。 相似文献
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山东胶东半岛地区断裂最新活动性研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
山东胶东半岛地区发育有北北东-北东向和北西西向两组断裂,前者分属蓬莱-栖霞断裂系和即墨-牟平断裂带,为半岛的主体断裂构造;后者分布在半岛北缘及其北侧海域,由多条断裂组成。实地调查表明,断层在第四纪期间是活动的,控制着附近山地和盆地的构造演化与地貌发育,最新活动主要发生在第四纪早期,垂直活动幅度可达百米以上;第四纪晚期,断裂活动性迅速减弱,甚至停止,但依然发现北北东-北东向断裂的多个局部段落还在活动,明显地错断了晚更新世地层,垂直断距最大为10m左右。 相似文献
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依兰-伊通断裂方正段晚第四纪以来的构造活动及其地貌表现 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
方正断陷是位于依兰-伊通断裂中北部的一级负向构造单元,依兰-伊通断裂构成盆地边界的控堑断裂,在盆地中部发育走滑断裂(伊汉通断裂),与边界断裂一起构成统一的断裂系统。该中部断裂的最新活动在地貌上具有明显的表现,在卫星影像上显示出清晰的线性。笔者在高分辨率卫星影像解译的基础上,通过野外地质地貌观察测量等手段,分析认为此断裂为一长期活动断裂,普遍错断河流一级阶地,并有连续的断层陡坎展布,最新的活动时代为全新世,应该曾发生过7级以上地表破裂型地震。现今以右旋走滑运动为主,兼具垂向滑动分量,并且垂向上表现为枢纽断层的运动特征。这些结果与前人认为的依兰-伊通断裂晚第四纪以来活动性极弱,东北地区是我国构造最稳定的地区的结论似乎不甚相符。笔者认为还需要更深入的工作,以分析该断裂与盆地边界断裂的关系,并以科学的态度认识依兰-伊通断裂活动特征,充分认识其地震危险性。 相似文献
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1861年普兰店东6级地震是辽东半岛上除1975年海城7.3级地震以外的另一次强度≥6级的地震,经反复考证,该次地震的震中确定在普兰店东姜屯一带。通过对普兰店及附近地区震害资料分析及现代仪器记录地震数据的精定位,研究这一地区发育的区域性金州断裂、普兰店湾断裂和普兰店北西向断裂的活动性及地震危险性,对比分析普兰店附近地区与海城地震区深部构造环境特点,认为与金州断裂具有共轭关系的北西向断裂作为新生性的活动断裂具有更高的地震危险性。北西向断裂是1861年普兰店东6级地震的发震构造,金州断裂作为辽东半岛的主干断裂,充当了控震构造;普兰店湾断裂活动性水平相对较低,地震危险性较弱,与地震的关系不大。 相似文献
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2019年10月28日甘肃夏河MS5.7地震发生于临潭—宕昌断裂与西秦岭北缘断裂之间,震中周边断裂的发育情况不明,断裂研究程度低,且无明确的地表断裂与该地震相关。本文通过遥感解译和野外调查,完善了震中周边断裂即临潭—宕昌断裂、夏河断裂东段和达麦—合作断裂的几何展布图像和新活动特征,结合小震精定位和震源机制,综合分析并构建了夏河地震的发震构造模型。研究结果显示:夏河地震的周边断裂包括两条已知、但研究程度不高的西秦岭北缘断裂和临潭—宕昌断裂,以及仅标绘在地质图上、活动未知的夏河断裂和达麦—合作断裂;首次发现了夏河断裂东段的新活动,活动性质兼具左旋走滑和向北逆冲,前人基于小震定位判定的发震断层（走向312°,倾向42°,倾角48°）可能是夏河断裂东段派生的一条隐伏分支,该分支在平面上与夏河断裂东段呈小角度斜交（夹角22°）,在深部归并到夏河断裂,滑动方向（滑动角48°）与夏河断裂东段的活动性质（兼具逆冲和左旋）一致。夏河断裂东段在构造上可能归属于临潭—宕昌断裂西段,是西秦岭北缘断裂正花状构造的组成部分,2019年夏河MS5.7地震代表临潭—宕昌断裂西段的构造活动。 相似文献
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Image processing of 2D resistivity data for imaging faults 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
F. Nguyen S. Garambois D. Jongmans E. Pirard M.H. Loke 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2005,57(4):260-277
A methodology to locate automatically limits or boundaries between different geological bodies in 2D electrical tomography is proposed, using a crest line extraction process in gradient images. This method is applied on several synthetic models and on field data set acquired on three experimental sites during the European project PALEOSIS where trenches were dug. The results presented in this work are valid for electrical tomographies data collected with a Wenner-alpha array and computed with an l1 norm (blocky inversion) as optimization method. For the synthetic cases, three geometric contexts are modelled: a vertical and a dipping fault juxtaposing two different geological formations and a step-like structure. A superficial layer can cover each geological structure. In these three situations, the method locates the synthetic faults and layer boundaries, and determines fault displacement but with several limitations. The estimated fault positions correlate exactly with the synthetic ones if a conductive (or no superficial) layer overlies the studied structure. When a resistive layer with a thickness of 6 m covers the model, faults are positioned with a maximum error of 1 m. Moreover, when a resistive and/or a thick top layer is present, the resolution significantly decreases for the fault displacement estimation (error up to 150%). The tests with the synthetic models for surveys using the Wenner-alpha array indicate that the proposed methodology is best suited to vertical and horizontal contacts. Application of the methodology to real data sets shows that a lateral resistivity contrast of 1:5–1:10 leads to exact faults location. A fault contact with a resistivity contrast of 1:0.75 and overlaid by a resistive layer with a thickness of 1 m gives an error location ranging from 1 to 3 m. Moreover, no result is obtained for a contact with very low contrasts (1:0.85) overlaid by a resistive soil. The method shows poor results when vertical gradients are greater than horizontal ones. This kind of image processing technique should be systematically used for improving the objectiveness of tomography interpretation when looking for limits between geological objects. 相似文献
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渭河盆地东南缘铲形正断层上盘活动特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文根据野外和力学分析，认为渭河盆地东南缘铲形正断层上盘块体沿凹曲的断层面向下滑动和旋转作用，在山前冲洪积平原区产生了同向断层、反向断层和上盘横断层。这些构造的差异活动及其在地表的表现特征，可作为铲形正断层分段的重要标志。 相似文献
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本实验研究了地壳内对压组合构造和对张组合构造中垂断层蠕滑,破裂错动时对主震断层(底断层)应力积累过程的影响,并结合实际地震活动中的一些现象进行了讨论。所得结论如下: 1.当垂断层蠕滑时,对压组合构造中垂直于底断层的压应力增大,它可以延迟主震发生但增大发震的能量;对张组合构造中垂直于底断层的压应力减小,剪应力略有增大,因而可以促使主震发生。2.如果垂断层某一部分为原来锁住的愈合断层或为完整介质,当其突然破裂错动时,可以使对张组合构造中的底断层的剪应力突然增大,同时压应力减小,因此前震序列中这类垂断层上的较大前震可看作底断层上主震即将来临的信号。3.由垂断层破裂前后单轴压力不变和位移不变的实验结果说明了地壳中主震断层应力集中的过程。4.底断层的主震破裂可以使处于引张状态的垂断层上余震发育甚至发生强余震。本文还应用实验结果对前震活动的条带现象进行了解释,这将有助于判定对压组合构造中主震的断层面。 相似文献
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Hou Jianjun Bai Taixu Liang Haihua Zheng Wentao and Wang ShiminDepartment of Geology Peking University Beijing China 《中国地震研究》1995,(3)
Based on field observations and mechanic analysis,the authors think that synthetic faults,antithetic faults,and hangingwall cross-faults are formed on the piedmont alluvial-pluvial plain under the action of hangingwall blocks sliding downward and rotating along concave fault planes of the listric normal fault on the southeastern margin of Weihe Basin.The characteristics of different movements and expressions on the surface of these structures may be taken as the main marks for listric normal fault segmentation. 相似文献
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Differently from the existing studies, about 210 days of the original seismic recordings since the Ludian MS6.5 earthquake are collected from almost all of the nearby stations, and a velocity model and a non-linear location technique are specially selected, in order to relocate the sources of the earthquake sequences. What is more, the same model as used in determining the absolute locations is adopted as the DD technique is used to determine their relative locations. Then the strikes and dips of the seismogenic faults are estimated by linearly fitting the source locations, and finally a new explanation is proposed for the sequence formation. It is shown that the sequence may be divided into 4 sub-areas spatially, each of which corresponds to a nearly vertical fault with but different dimensions and striking azimuths, and that two of them are relatively larger and linked with each other, being the main faults of the sequence, and two others are relatively smaller and separated away from the main faults. These 4 faults, together with the local existing faults, form a radiating-shaped structure reflecting the complicated tectonics, which is very likely to be related with the density variation in lower crust. 相似文献
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《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2006,58(4):260-277
A methodology to locate automatically limits or boundaries between different geological bodies in 2D electrical tomography is proposed, using a crest line extraction process in gradient images. This method is applied on several synthetic models and on field data set acquired on three experimental sites during the European project PALEOSIS where trenches were dug. The results presented in this work are valid for electrical tomographies data collected with a Wenner-alpha array and computed with an l1 norm (blocky inversion) as optimization method. For the synthetic cases, three geometric contexts are modelled: a vertical and a dipping fault juxtaposing two different geological formations and a step-like structure. A superficial layer can cover each geological structure. In these three situations, the method locates the synthetic faults and layer boundaries, and determines fault displacement but with several limitations. The estimated fault positions correlate exactly with the synthetic ones if a conductive (or no superficial) layer overlies the studied structure. When a resistive layer with a thickness of 6 m covers the model, faults are positioned with a maximum error of 1 m. Moreover, when a resistive and/or a thick top layer is present, the resolution significantly decreases for the fault displacement estimation (error up to 150%). The tests with the synthetic models for surveys using the Wenner-alpha array indicate that the proposed methodology is best suited to vertical and horizontal contacts. Application of the methodology to real data sets shows that a lateral resistivity contrast of 1:5–1:10 leads to exact faults location. A fault contact with a resistivity contrast of 1:0.75 and overlaid by a resistive layer with a thickness of 1 m gives an error location ranging from 1 to 3 m. Moreover, no result is obtained for a contact with very low contrasts (∼1:0.85) overlaid by a resistive soil. The method shows poor results when vertical gradients are greater than horizontal ones. This kind of image processing technique should be systematically used for improving the objectiveness of tomography interpretation when looking for limits between geological objects. 相似文献